1
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Li C, Kartashov YV. Stable Vortex Solitons Sustained by Localized Gain in a Cubic Medium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:213802. [PMID: 38856259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.213802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We propose a simple dissipative system with purely cubic defocusing nonlinearity and nonuniform linear gain that can support stable localized dissipative vortex solitons with high topological charges without the utilization of competing nonlinearities and nonlinear gain or losses. Localization of such solitons is achieved due to an intriguing mechanism when defocusing nonlinearity stimulates energy flow from the ringlike region with linear gain to the periphery of the medium where energy is absorbed due to linear background losses. Vortex solitons bifurcate from linear gain-guided vortical modes with eigenvalues depending on topological charges that become purely real only at specific gain amplitudes. Increasing gain amplitude leads to transverse expansion of vortex solitons, but simultaneously it usually also leads to stability enhancement. Increasing background losses allows creation of stable vortex solitons with high topological charges that are usually prone to instabilities in conservative and dissipative systems. Propagation of the perturbed unstable vortex solitons in this system reveals unusual dynamical regimes, when instead of decay or breakup, the initial state transforms into stable vortex solitons with lower or sometimes even with higher topological charge. Our results suggest an efficient mechanism for the formation of nonlinear excited vortex-carrying states with suppressed destructive azimuthal modulational instabilities in a simple setting relevant to a wide class of systems, including polaritonic systems, structured microcavities, and lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav V Kartashov
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Johnston A, Berloff NG. Macroscopic Noise Amplification by Asymmetric Dyads in Non-Hermitian Optical Systems for Generative Diffusion Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:096901. [PMID: 38489613 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.096901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We study noise amplification by asymmetric dyads in freely expanding non-Hermitian optical systems. We show that modifications of the pumping strengths can counteract bias from natural imperfections of the system's hardware while couplings between dyads lead to systems with nonuniform statistical distributions. Our results suggest that asymmetric non-Hermitian dyads are promising candidates for efficient sensors and ultrafast random number generators. We propose that the integrated light emission from such asymmetric dyads can be efficiently used for analog all-optical degenerative diffusion models of machine learning to overcome the digital limitations of such models in processing speed and energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Johnston
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia G Berloff
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
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3
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Martins GP, Berman OL, Gumbs G. Polaritonic and excitonic semiclassical time crystals based on TMDC strips in an external periodic potential. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19707. [PMID: 37952069 PMCID: PMC10640621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) under an external periodic potential. We consider two such systems, the first being made of exciton-polaritons in a nanoribbon of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as MoSe[Formula: see text], embedded in a microcavity with a spatial curvature, which serves as the source of the external periodic potential. The second, made of bare excitons in a nanoribbon of twisted TMDC bilayer, which naturally creates a periodic Moiré potential that can be controlled by the twist angle. We proved that such systems behave as semiclassical time crystals (TCs). This was demonstrated by the fact that the calculated BEC spatial density profile shows a non-trivial long-range two-point correlator that oscillates in time. These BECs density profiles were calculated by solving the quantum Lindblad master equations for the density matrix within the mean-field approximation. We then go beyond the usual mean-field approach by adding a stochastic term to the master equation which corresponds to quantum corrections. We show that the TC phase is still present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel P Martins
- Physics Department, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, 300 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
- The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Oleg L Berman
- Physics Department, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, 300 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
- The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Godfrey Gumbs
- The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P de Manuel Lardizabal, 4, 20018, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
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4
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Del Valle-Inclan Redondo Y, Schneider C, Klembt S, Höfling S, Tarucha S, Fraser MD. Optically Driven Rotation of Exciton-Polariton Condensates. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4564-4571. [PMID: 37129463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The rotational response of quantum condensed fluids is strikingly distinct from rotating classical fluids, especially notable for the excitation and ordering of quantized vortex ensembles. Although widely studied in conservative systems, the dynamics of rotating open-dissipative superfluids such as exciton-polariton condensates remains largely unexplored, as it requires high-frequency rotation while avoiding resonantly driving the condensate. We create a rotating polariton condensate at gigahertz frequencies by off-resonantly pumping with a rotating optical stirrer composed of the time-dependent interference of two frequency-offset, structured laser modes. Acquisition of angular momentum exceeding the critical 1ℏ/particle is directly measured, accompanied by the deterministic nucleation and capture of quantized vortices with a handedness controlled by the pump rotation direction. The demonstration of controlled optical rotation of a spontaneously formed polariton condensate enables new opportunities for the study of open dissipative superfluidity, ordering of non-Hermitian quantized vortex matter, and topological states in a highly nonlinear, photonic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Del Valle-Inclan Redondo
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics & Informatics Laboratories (PHI Lab), NTT Research, Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States
| | | | - Sebastian Klembt
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen-Research Center for Complex Material System, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen-Research Center for Complex Material System, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Seigo Tarucha
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Michael D Fraser
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics & Informatics Laboratories (PHI Lab), NTT Research, Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States
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5
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Jia C, Liang Z. Interaction between an Impurity and Nonlinear Excitations in a Polariton Condensate. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1789. [PMID: 36554194 PMCID: PMC9778002 DOI: 10.3390/e24121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the dynamics of a mobile impurity immersed in field excitations is challenging, as it requires to account for the entanglement between the impurity and the surrounding excitations. To this end, the impurity's effective mass has to be considered as finite, rather than infinite. Here, we theoretically investigate the interaction between a finite-mass impurity and a dissipative soliton representing nonlinear excitations in the polariton Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Using the Lagrange variational method and the open-dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we analytically derive the interaction phase diagram between the impurity and a dissipative bright soliton in the polariton BEC. Depending on the impurity mass, we find the dissipative soliton colliding with the impurity can transmit through, get trapped, or be reflected. This work opens a new perspective in understanding the impurity dynamics when immersed in field excitations, as well as potential applications in information processing with polariton solitons.
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6
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Jheng SD, Chen TW, Cheng SC. Spontaneous giant vortices and circular supercurrents in a trapped exciton-polariton condensate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:35325-35337. [PMID: 36258486 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study an exciton-polariton condensate trapped in a harmonic potential with an annular pump. With a circular pump, predictions were made for a spontaneous rotating vortex lattice packed by singly quantized vortices. If the circular pump is replaced by an annular pump, singly quantized vortices are absorbed into the central hole and form a multiply quantized vortex. For a sufficiently narrow annular width, all vortices are absorbed into the central hole, ultimately forming a giant vortex with supersonic circular supercurrents flowing around it. Vortex-antivortex pairs can be generated if a defect is present in these supersonic circular supercurrents. We further discover that the motion of the vortex-antivortex pairs depends on the position at which they were generated. We suggest that this property can be used to control whether the velocity of the circular supercurrents is above or below the sound velocity.
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7
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Alperin SN, Berloff NG. Emergence and Ordering of Polygonal Breathers in Polariton Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:015301. [PMID: 35841547 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.015301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We show that the simultaneous driving of a polariton condensate with both nonresonant and nth order resonant pump frequencies allows for a generic mechanism of breather formation. From this we construct for the second order resonance a family of exotic breathers with nontrivial discrete order of rotational symmetry. Finally, we demonstrate the spontaneous emergence of both crystalline and glassy orderings of lattices of polygonal breathers, depending on the degree of polygonal excitations at the lattice sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Alperin
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia G Berloff
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Novaya Street, 100, Skolkovo 143025, Russian Federation
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8
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Sitnik KA, Alyatkin S, Töpfer JD, Gnusov I, Cookson T, Sigurdsson H, Lagoudakis PG. Spontaneous Formation of Time-Periodic Vortex Cluster in Nonlinear Fluids of Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:237402. [PMID: 35749201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.237402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate spontaneous formation of a nonlinear vortex cluster state in a microcavity exciton-polariton condensate with time-periodic sign flipping of its topological charges at the GHz scale. When optically pumped with a ring-shaped nonresonant laser, the trapped condensate experiences intricate high-order mode competition and fractures into two distinct trap levels. The resulting mode interference leads to robust condensate density beatings with periodic appearance of orderly arranged phase singularities. Our work opens new perspectives on creating structured free-evolving light, and singular optics in the strong light-matter coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A Sitnik
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Alyatkin
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julian D Töpfer
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Gnusov
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tamsin Cookson
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi Sigurdsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Pavlos G Lagoudakis
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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9
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Zhao J, Fieramosca A, Bao R, Du W, Dini K, Su R, Feng J, Luo Y, Sanvitto D, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Nonlinear polariton parametric emission in an atomically thin semiconductor based microcavity. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:396-402. [PMID: 35288672 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parametric nonlinear optical processes are at the heart of nonlinear optics underpinning the central role in the generation of entangled photons as well as the realization of coherent optical sources. Exciton-polaritons are capable to sustain parametric scattering at extremely low threshold, offering a readily accessible platform to study bosonic fluids. Recently, two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted great attention in strong light-matter interactions due to robust excitonic transitions and unique spin-valley degrees of freedom. However, further progress is hindered by the lack of realizations of strong nonlinear effects in TMD polaritons. Here, we demonstrate a realization of nonlinear optical parametric polaritons in a WS2 monolayer microcavity pumped at the inflection point and triggered in the ground state. We observed the formation of a phase-matched idler state and nonlinear amplification that preserves the valley population and survives up to room temperature. Our results open a new door towards the realization of the future for all-optical valley polariton nonlinear devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ruiqi Bao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Dini
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- INFN National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lecce, Italy
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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10
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Cheng SC, Jheng SD, Chen TW. Half-skyrmions with higher topological quantum numbers in homogeneous exciton-polariton condensates. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:054216. [PMID: 34942800 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.054216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the topological excitations of half-quantum vortices (HQVs) with higher topological quantum numbers in a homogeneous spinor exciton-polariton condensate pumped by a laser beam and an additional coherent light carrying orbital angular momentum. The spin texture and integrated topological charge can be controlled through the pump. Among these textures, the polaritonic half-skyrmions (or polaritonic merons) can be created with a suitable excitation condition. Moreover, when the pump polarization is in favor of the vortex component of the HQV, there is an inversion of circular polarization (spin flipping) from the center of the HQV towards the edge. The radial flipping position can be manipulated by the pump polarization or power. Finally, we demonstrate that the HQVs can stably exist from the linear stability analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Cheng Cheng
- Department of Optoelectric Physics, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Quantum Computation and Information Center, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Da Jheng
- Department of Optoelectric Physics, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Quantum Computation and Information Center, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Wei Chen
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China
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11
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Feng J, Wang J, Fieramosca A, Bao R, Zhao J, Su R, Peng Y, Liew TCH, Sanvitto D, Xiong Q. All-optical switching based on interacting exciton polaritons in self-assembled perovskite microwires. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj6627. [PMID: 34757800 PMCID: PMC8580323 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast all-optical switches and integrated circuits call for giant optical nonlinearity to minimize energy consumption and footprint. Exciton polaritons underpin intrinsic strong nonlinear interactions and high-speed propagation in solids, thus affording an intriguing platform for all-optical devices. However, semiconductors sustaining stable exciton polaritons at room temperature usually exhibit restricted nonlinearity and/or propagation properties. Delocalized and strongly interacting Wannier-Mott excitons in metal halide perovskites highlight their advantages in integrated nonlinear optical devices. Here, we report all-optical switching by using propagating and strongly interacting exciton-polariton fluids in self-assembled CsPbBr3 microwires. Strong polariton-polariton interactions and extended polariton fluids with a propagation length of around 25 μm have been reached. All-optical switching on/off of polariton propagation can be realized in picosecond time scale by locally blue-shifting the dispersion with interacting polaritons. The all-optical switching, together with the scalable self-assembly method, highlights promising applications of solution-processed perovskites toward integrated photonics operating in strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (Q.X.); (J.F.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ruiqi Bao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yutian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Timothy C. H. Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
- Corresponding author. (Q.X.); (J.F.)
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12
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Chen F, Li H, Zhou H, Ye Z, Luo S, Sun Z, Sun F, Wang J, Xu H, Xu H, Chen Z, Wu J. Ultrafast dynamics of exciton-polariton in optically tailored potential landscapes at room temperature. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:024001. [PMID: 34614483 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2d5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, by using femtosecond angle-resolved spectroscopic imaging technique, the ultrafast dynamics of confined exciton-polaritons in an optical induced potential well based on a ZnO whispering-gallery microcavity is explicitly visualized. The sub-picosecond transition between succeeding quantum harmonic oscillator states can be experimentally distinguished. The landscape of the potential well can be modified by the pump power, the spatial distance and the time delay of the two input laser pulses. Clarifying the underlying mechanism of the polariton harmonic oscillator is interesting for the applications of polariton-based optoelectronic devices and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Luo
- Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanghai Chen
- Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
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13
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Cookson T, Kalinin K, Sigurdsson H, Töpfer JD, Alyatkin S, Silva M, Langbein W, Berloff NG, Lagoudakis PG. Geometric frustration in polygons of polariton condensates creating vortices of varying topological charge. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2120. [PMID: 33837211 PMCID: PMC8035188 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vorticity is a key ingredient to a broad variety of fluid phenomena, and its quantised version is considered to be the hallmark of superfluidity. Circulating flows that correspond to vortices of a large topological charge, termed giant vortices, are notoriously difficult to realise and even when externally imprinted, they are unstable, breaking into many vortices of a single charge. In spite of many theoretical proposals on the formation and stabilisation of giant vortices in ultra-cold atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and other superfluid systems, their experimental realisation remains elusive. Polariton condensates stand out from other superfluid systems due to their particularly strong interparticle interactions combined with their non-equilibrium nature, and as such provide an alternative testbed for the study of vortices. Here, we non-resonantly excite an odd number of polariton condensates at the vertices of a regular polygon and we observe the formation of a stable discrete vortex state with a large topological charge as a consequence of antibonding frustration between nearest neighbouring condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin Cookson
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kirill Kalinin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helgi Sigurdsson
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Julian D Töpfer
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sergey Alyatkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation
| | - Matteo Silva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Natalia G Berloff
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation. .,Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Pavlos G Lagoudakis
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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14
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Stroev N, Berloff NG. Discrete Polynomial Optimization with Coherent Networks of Condensates and Complex Coupling Switching. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:050504. [PMID: 33605772 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gain-dissipative platforms consisting of lasers, optical parametric oscillators and nonequilibrium condensates operating at the condensation or coherence threshold have been recently proposed as efficient analog simulators of the two-local spin Hamiltonians with continuous or discrete degrees of freedom. We show that nonequilibrium condensates above the threshold arranged in an interacting network may realize k-local Hamiltonians with k>2 and lead to nontrivial phase configurations. Similarly, many gain-dissipative systems that can be manipulated by optical means can bring about the ground state of the k-local Hamiltonians and solve higher-order binary optimization problems. We show how to facilitate the search for the global solution by invoking complex couplings in the system and demonstrate the efficiency of the method on the sets of complex problems. This approach offers a highly flexible new kind of computation based on gain-dissipative simulators with complex coupling switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Stroev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld.1, Moscow, 121205 Russian Federation
| | - Natalia G Berloff
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld.1, Moscow, 121205 Russian Federation
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
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15
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Mandal S, Banerjee R, Ostrovskaya EA, Liew TCH. Nonreciprocal Transport of Exciton Polaritons in a Non-Hermitian Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:123902. [PMID: 33016708 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.123902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We consider exciton polaritons in a zigzag chain of coupled elliptical micropillars subjected to incoherent excitation. The driven-dissipative nature of the system along with the naturally present polarization splitting inside the pillars gives rise to nonreciprocal dynamics, which eventually leads to the non-Hermitian skin effect, where all the modes of the system collapse to one edge. As a result, the polaritons propagate only in one direction along the chain, independent of the excitation position, and the propagation in the opposite direction is suppressed. The system shows robustness against disorder and, using the bistable nature of polaritons to encode information, we show one-way information transfer. This paves the way for compact and robust feedback-free one-dimensional polariton transmission channels without the need for external magnetic field, which are compatible with proposals for polaritonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mandal
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - R Banerjee
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Elena A Ostrovskaya
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies and Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - T C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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16
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Banerjee R, Mandal S, Liew TCH. Coupling between Exciton-Polariton Corner Modes through Edge States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:063901. [PMID: 32109115 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.063901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently realized higher order topological insulators have taken a surge of interest among the theoretical and experimental condensed matter community. The two-dimensional second order topological insulators give rise to zero-dimensional localized corner modes that reside within the band gap of the system along with edge modes that inhabit a band edge next to bulk modes. Thanks to the topological nature, information can be trapped at the corners of these systems, which will be unhampered even in the presence of disorder. Being localized at the corners, the exchange of information among the corner states is an issue. Here we show that the nonlinearity in an exciton polariton system can allow the coupling between the different corners through the edge states based on optical parametric scattering, realizing a system of multiple connectible topological modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Banerjee
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - S Mandal
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - T C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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17
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Kobayashi M, Eto M, Nitta M. Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition of Two-Component Bose Mixtures with Intercomponent Josephson Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:075303. [PMID: 31491091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.075303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition of two-component Bose mixtures in two spatial dimensions. When phases of both components are decoupled, half-quantized vortex-antivortex pairs of each component induce two-step BKT transitions. On the other hand, when phases of both components are synchronized through the intercomponent Josephson coupling, two species of vortices of each component are bound to form a molecule, and, in this case, we find that there is only one BKT transition by molecule-antimolecule pairs. Our results can be tested by two weakly connected Bose systems such as two-component ultracold diluted Bose mixtures with the Rabi oscillation, and multiband superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michikazu Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Minoru Eto
- Department of Physics, Yamagata University, Kojirakawa-machi 1-4-12, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
- Department of Physics, and Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan
| | - Muneto Nitta
- Department of Physics, and Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan
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18
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Knüppel P, Ravets S, Kroner M, Fält S, Wegscheider W, Imamoglu A. Nonlinear optics in the fractional quantum Hall regime. Nature 2019; 572:91-94. [PMID: 31285587 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Engineering strong interactions between optical photons is a challenge for quantum science. Polaritonics, which is based on the strong coupling of photons to atomic or electronic excitations in an optical resonator, has emerged as a promising approach to address this challenge, paving the way for applications such as photonic gates for quantum information processing1 and photonic quantum materials for the investigation of strongly correlated driven-dissipative systems2,3. Recent experiments have demonstrated the onset of quantum correlations in exciton-polariton systems4,5, showing that strong polariton blockade6-the prevention of resonant injection of additional polaritons in a well delimited region by the presence of a single polariton-could be achieved if interactions were an order of magnitude stronger. Here we report time-resolved four-wave-mixing experiments on a two-dimensional electron system embedded in an optical cavity7, demonstrating that polariton-polariton interactions are strongly enhanced when the electrons are initially in the fractional quantum Hall regime. Our experiments indicate that, in addition to strong correlations in the electronic ground state, exciton-electron interactions leading to the formation of polaron-polaritons8-11 have a key role in enhancing the nonlinear optical response of the system. Our findings could facilitate the realization of strongly interacting photonic systems, and suggest that nonlinear optical measurements could provide information about fractional quantum Hall states that is not accessible through their linear optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Knüppel
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Ravets
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Martin Kroner
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Fält
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Atac Imamoglu
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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19
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Kartashov YV, Skryabin DV. Two-Dimensional Topological Polariton Laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:083902. [PMID: 30932611 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.083902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We provide proof-of-principle illustration of lasing in a two-dimensional polariton topological insulator. Topological edge states may arise in a structured polariton microcavity under the combined action of spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting in the magnetic field. Their properties and lifetime are strongly affected by gain. Thus, gain concentrated along the edge of the insulator can counteract intrinsic losses in such a selective way that the topologically protected edge states become amplified, while bulk modes remain damped. When gain is compensated by nonlinear absorption the metastable nonlinear edge states are formed. Taking a triangular structure instead of an infinite edge we observed persistent topological currents accompanied by the time-periodic oscillations of the polariton density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav V Kartashov
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Skryabin
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, United Kingdom
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20
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Kwon MS, Oh BY, Gong SH, Kim JH, Kang HK, Kang S, Song JD, Choi H, Cho YH. Direct Transfer of Light's Orbital Angular Momentum onto a Nonresonantly Excited Polariton Superfluid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:045302. [PMID: 30768308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.045302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity were found to condense into a coherent ground state much like a Bose-Einstein condensate and a superfluid. They have become a unique testbed for generating and manipulating quantum vortices in a driven-dissipative superfluid. Here, we generate an exciton-polariton condensate with a nonresonant Laguerre-Gaussian optical beam and verify the direct transfer of light's orbital angular momentum to an exciton-polariton quantum fluid. Quantized vortices are found in spite of the large energy relaxation involved in nonresonant pumping. We identified phase singularity, density distribution, and energy eigenstates for the vortex states. Our observations confirm that nonresonant optical Laguerre-Gaussian beam can be used to manipulate chirality, topological charge, and stability of the nonequilibrium quantum fluid. These vortices are quite robust, only sensitive to the orbital angular momentum of light and not other parameters such as energy, intensity, size, or shape of the pump beam. Therefore, optical information can be transferred between the photon and exciton-polariton with ease and the technique is potentially useful to form the controllable network of multiple topological charges even in the presence of spectral randomness in a solid state system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sik Kwon
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Yong Oh
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Gong
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, 45 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hyung Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Kyu Kang
- Center for Opto-Electronic Convergence Systems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooseok Kang
- Center for Opto-Electronic Convergence Systems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Dong Song
- Center for Opto-Electronic Convergence Systems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungsoon Choi
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kalinin KP, Berloff NG. Simulating Ising and n-State Planar Potts Models and External Fields with Nonequilibrium Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:235302. [PMID: 30576198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.235302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Classical spin models with discrete or continuous degrees of freedom arise in many studies of complex physical systems. A wide class of hard real-life optimization problems can be formulated as a minimization of a spin Hamiltonian. Here we show how to simulate the discrete Ising and n-state planar Potts models with or without external fields using the physical gain-dissipative platforms with continuous phases, such as lasers and various nonequilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates. The underlying operational principle originates from a combination of resonant and nonresonant pumping. Our results lay grounds for the physical simulations of a broad range of Hamiltonians with complex interactions that can vary in time and space and with combined symmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill P Kalinin
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia G Berloff
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobelya Ulitsa 3 Moscow 121205, Russian Federation
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22
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Gao T, Egorov OA, Estrecho E, Winkler K, Kamp M, Schneider C, Höfling S, Truscott AG, Ostrovskaya EA. Controlled Ordering of Topological Charges in an Exciton-Polariton Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:225302. [PMID: 30547627 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.225302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate, experimentally and theoretically, controlled loading of an exciton-polariton vortex chain into a 1D array of trapping potentials. Switching between two types of vortex chains, with topological charges of the same or alternating signs, is achieved by appropriately shaping an off-resonant pump beam that drives the system to the regime of bosonic condensation. In analogy to spin chains, these vortex sequences realize either a "ferromagnetic" or an "antiferromagnetic" order, whereby the role of spin is played by the orbital angular momentum. The ferromagnetic ordering of vortices is associated with the formation of a persistent chiral current. Our results pave the way for the controlled creation of nontrivial distributions of orbital angular momentum and topological order in a periodic exciton-polariton system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gao
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - O A Egorov
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - E Estrecho
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - K Winkler
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Kamp
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Höfling
- Technische Physik, Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - A G Truscott
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - E A Ostrovskaya
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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23
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Malzard S, Cancellieri E, Schomerus H. Topological dynamics and excitations in lasers and condensates with saturable gain or loss. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:22506-22518. [PMID: 30130942 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.022506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We classify symmetry-protected and symmetry-breaking dynamical solutions for nonlinear saturable bosonic systems that display a non-hermitian charge-conjugation symmetry, as realized in a series of recent groundbreaking experiments with lasers and exciton polaritons. In particular, we show that these systems support stable symmetry-protected modes that mirror the concept of zero-modes in topological quantum systems, as well as symmetry-protected power-oscillations with no counterpart in the linear case. In analogy to topological phases in linear systems, the number and nature of symmetry-protected solutions can change. The spectral degeneracies signalling phase transitions in linear counterparts extend to bifurcations in the nonlinear context. As bifurcations relate to qualitative changes in the linear stability against changes of the initial conditions, the symmetry-protected solutions and phase transitions can also be characterized by topological excitations, which set them apart from symmetry-breaking solutions. The stipulated symmetry appears naturally when one introduces nonlinear gain or loss into spectrally symmetric bosonic systems, as we illustrate for one-dimensional topological laser arrays with saturable gain and two-dimensional flat-band polariton condensates with density-dependent loss.
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24
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Frantzeskakis DJ, Horikis TP, Rodrigues AS, Kevrekidis PG, Carretero-González R, Cuevas-Maraver J. Hydrodynamics and two-dimensional dark lump solitons for polariton superfluids. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:022205. [PMID: 30253492 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.022205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study a two-dimensional incoherently pumped exciton-polariton condensate described by an open-dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the polariton dynamics coupled to a rate equation for the exciton density. Adopting a hydrodynamic approach, we use multiscale expansion methods to derive several models appearing in the context of shallow water waves with viscosity. In particular, we derive a Boussinesq/Benney-Luke-type equation and its far-field expansion in terms of Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-I (KP-I) equations for right- and left-going waves. From the KP-I model, we predict the existence of vorticity-free, weakly (algebraically) localized two-dimensional dark-lump solitons. We find that, in the presence of dissipation, dark lumps exhibit a lifetime three times larger than that of planar dark solitons. Direct numerical simulations show that dark lumps do exist, and their dissipative dynamics is well captured by our analytical approximation. It is also shown that lumplike and vortexlike structures can spontaneously be formed as a result of the transverse "snaking" instability of dark soliton stripes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Frantzeskakis
- Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - T P Horikis
- Department of Mathematics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - A S Rodrigues
- Departamento de Física e Astronomia/CFP, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, 687-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - P G Kevrekidis
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-4515, USA
| | - R Carretero-González
- Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Group, Computational Sciences Research Center, and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-7720, USA
| | - J Cuevas-Maraver
- Grupo de Física No Lineal, Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Universidad de Sevilla. Escuela Politécnica Superior, C/ Virgen de África, 7, 41011-Sevilla, Spain and Instituto de Matemáticas de la Universidad de Sevilla (IMUS). Edificio Celestino Mutis. Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
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25
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Cheng SC, Chen TW. Dark gap solitons in exciton-polariton condensates in a periodic potential. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:032212. [PMID: 29776165 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.032212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We show that dark spatial gap solitons can occur inside the band gap of an exciton-polariton condensate (EPC) in a one-dimensional periodic potential. The energy dispersions of an EPC loaded into a periodic potential show a band-gap structure. Using the effective-mass model of the complex Gross-Pitaevskii equation with pump and dissipation in an EPC in a periodic potential, dark gap solitons are demonstrated near the minimum energy points of the band center and band edge of the first and second bands, respectively. The excitation energies of dark gap solitons are below these minimum points and fall into the band gap. The spatial width of a dark gap soliton becomes smaller as the pump power is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Cheng Cheng
- Department of Optoelectric Physics, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Wei Chen
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiayi University, Chiayi city 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China
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26
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Gao T, Li G, Estrecho E, Liew TCH, Comber-Todd D, Nalitov A, Steger M, West K, Pfeiffer L, Snoke DW, Kavokin AV, Truscott AG, Ostrovskaya EA. Chiral Modes at Exceptional Points in Exciton-Polariton Quantum Fluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:065301. [PMID: 29481285 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.065301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of chiral modes-vortex flows with fixed handedness in exciton-polariton quantum fluids. The chiral modes arise in the vicinity of exceptional points (non-Hermitian spectral degeneracies) in an optically induced resonator for exciton polaritons. In particular, a vortex is generated by driving two dipole modes of the non-Hermitian ring resonator into degeneracy. Transition through the exceptional point in the space of the system's parameters is enabled by precise manipulation of real and imaginary parts of the closed-wall potential forming the resonator. As the system is driven to the vicinity of the exceptional point, we observe the formation of a vortex state with a fixed orbital angular momentum (topological charge). This method can be extended to generate higher-order orbital angular momentum states through coalescence of multiple non-Hermitian spectral degeneracies. Our Letter demonstrates the possibility of exploiting nontrivial and counterintuitive properties of waves near exceptional points in macroscopic quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gao
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - G Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - E Estrecho
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies
| | - T C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - D Comber-Todd
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - A Nalitov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - M Steger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - K West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - D W Snoke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A V Kavokin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
- SPIN-CNR, Viale del Politecnico 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St-Petersburg State University, 1 Ulianovskaya St., St-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - A G Truscott
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - E A Ostrovskaya
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies
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27
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Berloff NG, Silva M, Kalinin K, Askitopoulos A, Töpfer JD, Cilibrizzi P, Langbein W, Lagoudakis PG. Realizing the classical XY Hamiltonian in polariton simulators. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:1120-1126. [PMID: 28967915 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of real-life optimization problems with a large number of degrees of freedom are intractable by classical computers, since their complexity grows exponentially fast with the number of variables. Many of these problems can be mapped into classical spin models, such as the Ising, the XY or the Heisenberg models, so that optimization problems are reduced to finding the global minimum of spin models. Here, we propose and investigate the potential of polariton graphs as an efficient analogue simulator for finding the global minimum of the XY model. By imprinting polariton condensate lattices of bespoke geometries we show that we can engineer various coupling strengths between the lattice sites and read out the result of the global minimization through the relative phases. Besides solving optimization problems, polariton graphs can simulate a large variety of systems undergoing the U(1) symmetry-breaking transition. We realize various magnetic phases, such as ferromagnetic, anti-ferromagnetic, and frustrated spin configurations on a linear chain, the unit cells of square and triangular lattices, a disordered graph, and demonstrate the potential for size scalability on an extended square lattice of 45 coherently coupled polariton condensates. Our results provide a route to study unconventional superfluids, spin liquids, Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition, and classical magnetism, among the many systems that are described by the XY Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G Berloff
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Novaya St., 100, Skolkovo 143025, Russian Federation
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Matteo Silva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Kirill Kalinin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Novaya St., 100, Skolkovo 143025, Russian Federation
| | - Alexis Askitopoulos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Julian D Töpfer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Pasquale Cilibrizzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Wolfgang Langbein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Pavlos G Lagoudakis
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Novaya St., 100, Skolkovo 143025, Russian Federation
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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28
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Luk SMH, Kwong NH, Lewandowski P, Schumacher S, Binder R. Optically Controlled Orbital Angular Momentum Generation in a Polaritonic Quantum Fluid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:113903. [PMID: 28949243 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.113903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Applications of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light range from the next generation of optical communication systems to optical imaging and optical manipulation of particles. Here we propose a micron-sized semiconductor source that emits light with predefined OAM pairs. This source is based on a polaritonic quantum fluid. We show how in this system modulational instabilities can be controlled and harnessed for the spontaneous formation of OAM pairs not present in the pump laser source. Once created, the OAM states exhibit exotic flow patterns in the quantum fluid, characterized by generation-annihilation pairs. These can only occur in open systems, not in equilibrium condensates, in contrast to well-established vortex-antivortex pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M H Luk
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - N H Kwong
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - P Lewandowski
- Physics Department and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - S Schumacher
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Physics Department and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - R Binder
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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29
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Nalitov AV, Liew TCH, Kavokin AV, Altshuler BL, Rubo YG. Spontaneous Polariton Currents in Periodic Lateral Chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:067406. [PMID: 28949610 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.067406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We predict spontaneous generation of superfluid polariton currents in planar microcavities with lateral periodic modulation of both the potential and decay rate. A spontaneous breaking of spatial inversion symmetry of a polariton condensate emerges at a critical pumping, and the current direction is stochastically chosen. We analyze the stability of the current with respect to the fluctuations of the condensate. A peculiar spatial current domain structure emerges, where the current direction is switched at the domain walls, and the characteristic domain size and lifetime scale with the pumping power.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Nalitov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - T C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - A V Kavokin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- CNR-SPIN, Viale del Politecnico 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, 100 Novaya Street, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143025, Russia
| | - B L Altshuler
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Y G Rubo
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, Mexico
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
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30
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Ohadi H, Ramsay AJ, Sigurdsson H, Del Valle-Inclan Redondo Y, Tsintzos SI, Hatzopoulos Z, Liew TCH, Shelykh IA, Rubo YG, Savvidis PG, Baumberg JJ. Spin Order and Phase Transitions in Chains of Polariton Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:067401. [PMID: 28949643 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.067401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that multiply coupled spinor polariton condensates can be optically tuned through a sequence of spin-ordered phases by changing the coupling strength between nearest neighbors. For closed four-condensate chains these phases span from ferromagnetic (FM) to antiferromagnetic (AFM), separated by an unexpected crossover phase. This crossover phase is composed of alternating FM-AFM bonds. For larger eight-condensate chains, we show the critical role of spatial inhomogeneities and demonstrate a scheme to overcome them and prepare any desired spin state. Our observations thus demonstrate a fully controllable nonequilibrium spin lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohadi
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Ramsay
- Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Hitachi Europe Ltd., Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - H Sigurdsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Y Del Valle-Inclan Redondo
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - S I Tsintzos
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Z Hatzopoulos
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - T C H Liew
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 637371, Singapore
| | - I A Shelykh
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Y G Rubo
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, Mexico
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - P G Savvidis
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - J J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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31
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Suchomel H, Brodbeck S, Liew TCH, Amthor M, Klaas M, Klembt S, Kamp M, Höfling S, Schneider C. Prototype of a bistable polariton field-effect transistor switch. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5114. [PMID: 28698678 PMCID: PMC5506067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcavity exciton polaritons are promising candidates to build a new generation of highly nonlinear and integrated optoelectronic devices. Such devices range from novel coherent light emitters to reconfigurable potential landscapes for electro-optical polariton-lattice based quantum simulators as well as building blocks of optical logic architectures. Especially for the latter, the strongly interacting nature of the light-matter hybrid particles has been used to facilitate fast and efficient switching of light by light, something which is very hard to achieve with weakly interacting photons. We demonstrate here that polariton transistor switches can be fully integrated in electro-optical schemes by implementing a one-dimensional polariton channel which is operated by an electrical gate rather than by a control laser beam. The operation of the device, which is the polariton equivalent to a field-effect transistor, relies on combining electro-optical potential landscape engineering with local exciton ionization to control the scattering dynamics underneath the gate. We furthermore demonstrate that our device has a region of negative differential resistance and features a completely new way to create bistable behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suchomel
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - S Brodbeck
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - T C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - M Amthor
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - M Klaas
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - S Klembt
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - M Kamp
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - S Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany.,SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY 16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany.
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Abstract
We consider a nanostructure of two coupled ring waveguides with constant linear gain and nonlinear absorption - the system that can be implemented in various settings including polariton condensates, optical waveguides or atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. It is found that, depending on the parameters, this simple configuration allows for observing several complex nonlinear phenomena, which include spontaneous symmetry breaking, modulational instability leading to generation of stable circular flows with various vorticities, stable inhomogeneous states with interesting structure of currents flowing between rings, as well as dynamical regimes having signatures of chaotic behavior.
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33
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Chen TW, Jheng SD, Jiang TF, Cheng SC. Quantum fluctuations and stability of vortex lattices in a nonresonantly pumped exciton-polariton condensate. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:085403. [PMID: 28060773 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa51b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of an exciton-polariton condensate (EPC) subject to harmonic confinement can cause spontaneously formed vortices to arrange into a triangular vortex lattice. The stability of such a spontaneously formed vortex lattice is still unknown. We investigate the quantum fluctuations of vortex lattices in a rapidly rotating EPC with a rotation frequency close to the harmonic trap. In such a large condensate, we find that a vortex lattice with a triangular structure is stable, whereas one with a square structure becomes unstable. This result indicates that a driven-dissipative vortex array with strong quantum fluctuations can occur in an EPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Chen
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China
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34
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Schneider C, Winkler K, Fraser MD, Kamp M, Yamamoto Y, Ostrovskaya EA, Höfling S. Exciton-polariton trapping and potential landscape engineering. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:016503. [PMID: 27841166 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/80/1/016503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities have become a model system for the studies of dynamical Bose-Einstein condensation, macroscopic coherence, many-body effects, nonclassical states of light and matter, and possibly quantum phase transitions in a solid state. These low-mass bosonic quasiparticles can condense at comparatively high temperatures up to 300 K, and preserve the fundamental properties of the condensate, such as coherence in space and time domain, even when they are out of equilibrium with the environment. Although the presence of a confining potential is not strictly necessary in order to observe Bose-Einstein condensation, engineering of the polariton confinement is a key to controlling, shaping, and directing the flow of polaritons. Prototype polariton-based optoelectronic devices rely on ultrafast photon-like velocities and strong nonlinearities exhibited by polaritons, as well as on their tailored confinement. Nanotechnology provides several pathways to achieving polariton confinement, and the specific features and advantages of different methods are discussed in this review. Being hybrid exciton-photon quasiparticles, polaritons can be trapped via their excitonic as well as photonic component, which leads to a wide choice of highly complementary trapping techniques. Here, we highlight the almost free choice of the confinement strengths and trapping geometries that provide powerful means for control and manipulation of the polariton systems both in the semi-classical and quantum regimes. Furthermore, the possibilities to observe effects of the polariton blockade, Mott insulator physics, and population of higher-order energy bands in sophisticated lattice potentials are discussed. Observation of such effects could lead to realization of novel polaritonic non-classical light sources and quantum simulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schneider
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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35
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Gargoubi H, Guillet T, Jaziri S, Balti J, Guizal B. Polariton condensation threshold investigation through the numerical resolution of the generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:043310. [PMID: 27841593 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.043310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical approach for the solution of the dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation coupled to the reservoir equation governing the exciton-polaritons Bose-Einstein condensation. It is based on the finite difference method applied to space variables and on the fourth order Range-Kutta algorithm applied to the time variable. Numerical tests illustrate the stability and accuracy of the proposed scheme. Then results on the behavior of the condensate under large Gaussian pumping and around the threshold are presented. We determine the threshold through the particular behavior of the self-energy and characterize it by tracking the establishment time of the steady state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamis Gargoubi
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Place Bataillon 34095 Montpellier, France
- Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire De Physique Des Matériaux, 7021 Jarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Thierry Guillet
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Place Bataillon 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Sihem Jaziri
- Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire De Physique Des Matériaux, 7021 Jarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Jalloul Balti
- Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire De Physique Des Matériaux, 7021 Jarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Brahim Guizal
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Place Bataillon 34095 Montpellier, France
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36
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Chen TW, Jheng SD, Hsieh WF, Cheng SC. Nonequilibrium and nonlinear defect states in microcavity-polariton condensates. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:052214. [PMID: 27300887 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.052214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The nonequilibrium and nonlinear defect modes (NNDMs), localized by a defect in a nonequilibrium microcavity-polariton condensate (MPC), are studied. There are three analytic solutions of NNDMs in a point defect: the bright NNDM, a bound state with two dark solitons for an attractive potential, and a gray soliton bound by a defect for a repulsive potential. We find that the stable NNDMs in a nonequilibrium MPC are the bright NNDM and gray soliton bound by a defect. The bright NNDM, which has the hyperbolic cotangent form, is a bright localized state existing in a uniform MPC. The bright NNDM is a unique state occurring in a nonequilibrium MPC that has pump-dissipation and repulsive-nonlinearity characters. No such state can exist in an equilibrium system with repulsive nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Chen
- Department of Optoelectric Physics, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11111, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Da Jheng
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Feng Hsieh
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Szu-Cheng Cheng
- Department of Optoelectric Physics, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11111, Taiwan, Republic of China
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37
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Pinsker F, Flayac H. Bright solitons in non-equilibrium coherent quantum matter. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 472:20150592. [PMID: 26997892 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2015.0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate a mechanism for bright soliton generation in spinor non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates made of atoms or quasi-particles such as polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. We give analytical expressions for bright (half) solitons as minimizing functions of a generalized non-conservative Lagrangian elucidating the unique features of inter and intra-competition in non-equilibrium systems. The analytical results are supported by a detailed numerical analysis that further shows the rich soliton dynamics inferred by their instability and mutual cross-interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pinsker
- Clarendon Laboratory , University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - H Flayac
- Institute of Theoretical Physics , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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38
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Boulier T, Cancellieri E, Sangouard ND, Glorieux Q, Kavokin AV, Whittaker DM, Giacobino E, Bramati A. Injection of Orbital Angular Momentum and Storage of Quantized Vortices in Polariton Superfluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:116402. [PMID: 27035313 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.116402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental investigation and theoretical modeling of a rotating polariton superfluid relying on an innovative method for the injection of angular momentum. This novel, multipump injection method uses four coherent lasers arranged in a square, resonantly creating four polariton populations propagating inwards. The control available over the direction of propagation of the superflows allows injecting a controllable nonquantized amount of optical angular momentum. When the density at the center is low enough to neglect polariton-polariton interactions, optical singularities, associated with an interference pattern, are visible in the phase. In the superfluid regime resulting from the strong nonlinear polariton-polariton interaction, the interference pattern disappears and only vortices with the same sign are persisting in the system. Remarkably, the number of vortices inside the superfluid region can be controlled by controlling the angular momentum injected by the pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boulier
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4, place Jussieu Case 74, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - E Cancellieri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - N D Sangouard
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4, place Jussieu Case 74, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Q Glorieux
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4, place Jussieu Case 74, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A V Kavokin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- CNR-SPIN, Viale del Politecnico 1, Rome I-00133, Italy
| | - D M Whittaker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - E Giacobino
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4, place Jussieu Case 74, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4, place Jussieu Case 74, F-75005 Paris, France
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39
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Ohadi H, Del Valle-Inclan Redondo Y, Dreismann A, Rubo YG, Pinsker F, Tsintzos SI, Hatzopoulos Z, Savvidis PG, Baumberg JJ. Tunable Magnetic Alignment between Trapped Exciton-Polariton Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:106403. [PMID: 27015497 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.106403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tunable spin correlations are found to arise between two neighboring trapped exciton-polariton condensates which spin polarize spontaneously. We observe a crossover from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic pair state by reducing the coupling barrier in real time using control of the imprinted pattern of pump light. Fast optical switching of both condensates is then achieved by resonantly but weakly triggering only a single condensate. These effects can be explained as the competition between spin bifurcations and spin-preserving Josephson coupling between the two condensates, and open the way to polariton Bose-Hubbard ladders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohadi
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Dreismann
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Y G Rubo
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, Mexico
| | - F Pinsker
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S I Tsintzos
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Z Hatzopoulos
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- CCQCN, Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - P G Savvidis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - J J Baumberg
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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40
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Dominici L, Dagvadorj G, Fellows JM, Ballarini D, De Giorgi M, Marchetti FM, Piccirillo B, Marrucci L, Bramati A, Gigli G, Szymańska MH, Sanvitto D. Vortex and half-vortex dynamics in a nonlinear spinor quantum fluid. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500807. [PMID: 26665174 PMCID: PMC4672757 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Vortices are archetypal objects that recur in the universe across the scale of complexity, from subatomic particles to galaxies and black holes. Their appearance is connected with spontaneous symmetry breaking and phase transitions. In Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluids, vortices are both point-like and quantized quasiparticles. We use a two-dimensional (2D) fluid of polaritons, bosonic particles constituted by hybrid photonic and electronic oscillations, to study quantum vortex dynamics. Polaritons benefit from easiness of wave function phase detection, a spinor nature sustaining half-integer vorticity, strong nonlinearity, and tuning of the background disorder. We can directly generate by resonant pulsed excitations a polariton condensate carrying either a full or half-integer vortex as initial condition and follow their coherent evolution using ultrafast imaging on the picosecond scale. The observations highlight a rich phenomenology, such as the spiraling of the half-vortex and the joint path of the twin charges of a full vortex, until the moment of their splitting. Furthermore, we observe the ordered branching into newly generated secondary couples, associated with the breaking of radial and azimuthal symmetries. This allows us to devise the interplay of nonlinearity and sample disorder in shaping the fluid and driving the vortex dynamics. In addition, our observations suggest that phase singularities may be seen as fundamental particles whose quantized events span from pair creation and recombination to 2D+t topological vortex strings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Dominici
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio de Giorgi,” Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | - Dario Ballarini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca M. Marchetti
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Piccirillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marrucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL, Research University, Collàge de France, 4 place Jussieu, case 74, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio de Giorgi,” Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marzena H. Szymańska
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E6BT London, UK
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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41
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Gao T, Estrecho E, Bliokh KY, Liew TCH, Fraser MD, Brodbeck S, Kamp M, Schneider C, Höfling S, Yamamoto Y, Nori F, Kivshar YS, Truscott AG, Dall RG, Ostrovskaya EA. Observation of non-Hermitian degeneracies in a chaotic exciton-polariton billiard. Nature 2015; 526:554-8. [PMID: 26458102 DOI: 10.1038/nature15522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles formed by strongly interacting photons and excitons (electron-hole pairs) in semiconductor microcavities. They have emerged as a robust solid-state platform for next-generation optoelectronic applications as well as for fundamental studies of quantum many-body physics. Importantly, exciton-polaritons are a profoundly open (that is, non-Hermitian) quantum system, which requires constant pumping of energy and continuously decays, releasing coherent radiation. Thus, the exciton-polaritons always exist in a balanced potential landscape of gain and loss. However, the inherent non-Hermitian nature of this potential has so far been largely ignored in exciton-polariton physics. Here we demonstrate that non-Hermiticity dramatically modifies the structure of modes and spectral degeneracies in exciton-polariton systems, and, therefore, will affect their quantum transport, localization and dynamical properties. Using a spatially structured optical pump, we create a chaotic exciton-polariton billiard--a two-dimensional area enclosed by a curved potential barrier. Eigenmodes of this billiard exhibit multiple non-Hermitian spectral degeneracies, known as exceptional points. Such points can cause remarkable wave phenomena, such as unidirectional transport, anomalous lasing/absorption and chiral modes. By varying parameters of the billiard, we observe crossing and anti-crossing of energy levels and reveal the non-trivial topological modal structure exclusive to non-Hermitian systems. We also observe mode switching and a topological Berry phase for a parameter loop encircling the exceptional point. Our findings pave the way to studies of non-Hermitian quantum dynamics of exciton-polaritons, which may uncover novel operating principles for polariton-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gao
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - E Estrecho
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - K Y Bliokh
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T C H Liew
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - M D Fraser
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Brodbeck
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Kamp
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.,SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Y Yamamoto
- ImPACT Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.,Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085, USA
| | - F Nori
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Y S Kivshar
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - A G Truscott
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - R G Dall
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - E A Ostrovskaya
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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42
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Chen TW, Hsieh WF, Cheng SC. Stable gray soliton pinned by a defect in a microcavity-polariton condensate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:24974-24983. [PMID: 26406697 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.024974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the spatially localized dark state, called dark soliton, in a one-dimensional system of the non-resonantly pumped microcavity-polariton condensate (MPC). From the recent work by Xue and Matuszewski [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 216401 (2014)], we know that the dark soliton in the pure MPC system is unstable. But we find that a dark soliton pinned by a defect in the impure MPC becomes a gray soliton and can be stabilized by the presence of a defect. Moreover, the stable regime of the gray soliton is given in terms of the defect strength and pump parameter.
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43
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Laptyeva TV, Tikhomirov AA, Kanakov OI, Ivanchenko MV. Anderson attractors in active arrays. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13263. [PMID: 26304462 PMCID: PMC4548239 DOI: 10.1038/srep13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In dissipationless linear media, spatial disorder induces Anderson localization of matter, light, and sound waves. The addition of nonlinearity causes interaction between the eigenmodes, which results in a slow wave diffusion. We go beyond the dissipationless limit of Anderson arrays and consider nonlinear disordered systems that are subjected to the dissipative losses and energy pumping. We show that the Anderson modes of the disordered Ginsburg-Landau lattice possess specific excitation thresholds with respect to the pumping strength. When pumping is increased above the threshold for the band-edge modes, the lattice dynamics yields an attractor in the form of a stable multi-peak pattern. The Anderson attractor is the result of a joint action by the pumping-induced mode excitation, nonlinearity-induced mode interactions, and dissipative stabilization. The regimes of Anderson attractors can be potentially realized with polariton condensates lattices, active waveguide or cavity-QED arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana V Laptyeva
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Theory of Control and Dynamical Systems Department, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Andrey A Tikhomirov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Theory of Oscillations Department, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Oleg I Kanakov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Theory of Oscillations Department, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Ivanchenko
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Department of Applied Mathematics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
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44
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Taming of Modulation Instability by Spatio-Temporal Modulation of the Potential. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13268. [PMID: 26286250 PMCID: PMC4541154 DOI: 10.1038/srep13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous pattern formation in a variety of spatially extended nonlinear systems always occurs through a modulation instability, sometimes called Turing instability: the homogeneous state of the system becomes unstable with respect to growing modulation modes. Therefore, the manipulation of the modulation instability is of primary importance in controlling and manipulating the character of spatial patterns initiated by that instability. We show that a spatio-temporal periodic modulation of the potential of spatially extended systems results in a modification of its pattern forming instability. Depending on the modulation character the instability can be partially suppressed, can change its spectrum (for instance the long wave instability can transform into short wave instability), can split into two, or can be completely eliminated. The latter result is of special practical interest, as it can be used to stabilize the intrinsically unstable system. The result bears general character, as it is shown here on a universal model of the Complex Ginzburg-Landau equation in one and two spatial dimensions (and time). The physical mechanism of the instability suppression can be applied to a variety of intrinsically unstable dissipative systems, like self-focusing lasers, reaction-diffusion systems, as well as in unstable conservative systems, like attractive Bose Einstein condensates.
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45
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Pinsker F, Alexander TJ. Nonlinear eigenmodes of a non-equilibrium harmonic oscillator. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2015.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the quantum oscillator-like states recently observed experimentally in polariton condensates. We consider a complex Gross–Pitaevskii-type model that includes the effects of self-interactions, and creation and decay of exciton-polaritons. We develop a perturbation theory for approximate solutions to this non-equilibrium condensate model and compare the results with numerically calculated solutions for both repulsive and attractive polariton–polariton interactions. While the nonlinearity has a weak effect on the mode selection, the condensate density profiles are modified at moderate gain strengths. We find the nonlinearity becomes more dominant when a very large gain of polaritons leads to an extended cloud with high condensate densities. Finally, we identify the relation of the observed patterns to the input pump configuration, and suggest this may serve as a generalized NOR gate in the tradition of optical computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pinsker
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Tristram J. Alexander
- School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, UNSW Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
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46
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Berman OL, Kezerashvili RY, Kolmakov GV, Pomirchi LM. Spontaneous formation and nonequilibrium dynamics of a soliton-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate in a trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:062901. [PMID: 26172766 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.062901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Bose-stimulated self-organization of a quasi-two-dimensional nonequilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate in an in-plane potential is proposed. We obtained the solution of the nonlinear, driven-dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation for a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in an external asymmetric parabolic potential within the method of the spectral expansion. We found that, in sharp contrast to previous observations, the condensate can spontaneously acquire a solitonlike shape for spatially homogeneous pumping. This condensate soliton performs oscillatory motion in a parabolic trap and, also, can spontaneously rotate. Stability of the condensate soliton in the spatially asymmetric trap is analyzed. In addition to the nonlinear dynamics of nonequilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates of ultracold atoms, our findings can be applied to the condensates of quantum well excitons and cavity polaritons in semiconductor heterostructure, and to the condensates of photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg L Berman
- Physics Department, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
| | - Roman Ya Kezerashvili
- Physics Department, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
| | - German V Kolmakov
- Physics Department, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
| | - Leonid M Pomirchi
- Physics Department, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
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47
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Boulier T, Terças H, Solnyshkov DD, Glorieux Q, Giacobino E, Malpuech G, Bramati A. Vortex chain in a resonantly pumped polariton superfluid. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9230. [PMID: 25784592 PMCID: PMC4363862 DOI: 10.1038/srep09230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons are light-matter mixed states interacting via their exciton fraction. They can be excited, manipulated, and detected using all the versatile techniques of modern optics. An exciton-polariton gas is therefore a unique platform to study out-of-equilibrium interacting quantum fluids. In this work, we report the formation of a ring-shaped array of same sign vortices after injection of angular momentum in a polariton superfluid. The angular momentum is injected by a ℓ = 8 Laguerre-Gauss beam. In the linear regime, a spiral interference pattern containing phase defects is visible. In the nonlinear (superfluid) regime, the interference disappears and eight vortices appear, minimizing the energy while conserving the quantized angular momentum. The radial position of the vortices evolves in the region between the two pumps as a function of the density. Hydrodynamic instabilities resulting in the spontaneous nucleation of vortex-antivortex pairs when the system size is sufficiently large confirm that the vortices are not constrained by interference when nonlinearities dominate the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Boulier
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4, place Jussieu Case 74, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - H. Terças
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, Blaise Pascal University, CNRS, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - D. D. Solnyshkov
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, Blaise Pascal University, CNRS, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Q. Glorieux
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4, place Jussieu Case 74, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - E. Giacobino
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4, place Jussieu Case 74, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - G. Malpuech
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, Blaise Pascal University, CNRS, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - A. Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4, place Jussieu Case 74, F-75005 Paris, France
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48
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A new type of half-quantum circulation in a macroscopic polariton spinor ring condensate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:2676-81. [PMID: 25730875 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424549112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the observation of coherent circulation in a macroscopic Bose-Einstein condensate of polaritons in a ring geometry. Because they are spinor condensates, half-quanta are allowed in where there is a phase rotation of π in connection with a polarization vector rotation of π around a closed path. This half-quantum behavior is clearly seen in the experimental observations of the polarization rotation around the ring. In our ring geometry, the half-quantum state that we see is one in which the handedness of the spin flips from one side of the ring to the other side in addition to the rotation of the linear polarization component; such a state is allowed in a ring geometry but will not occur in a simply connected geometry. This state is lower in energy than a half-quantum state with no change of the spin direction and corresponds to a superposition of two different elementary half-quantum states. The direction of circulation of the flow around the ring fluctuates randomly between clockwise and counterclockwise from one shot to the next; this fluctuation corresponds to spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the system. This type of macroscopic polariton ring condensate allows for the possibility of direct control of the circulation to excite higher quantized states and the creation of Josephson junction tunneling barriers.
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49
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Salasnich L, Malomed BA, Toigo F. Emulation of lossless exciton-polariton condensates by dual-core optical waveguides: stability, collective modes, and dark solitons. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:043202. [PMID: 25375613 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.043202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a possibility to simulate the exciton-polariton (EP) system in the lossless limit, which is not currently available in semiconductor microcavities, by means of a simple optical dual-core waveguide, with one core carrying the nonlinearity and operating close to the zero-group-velocity-dispersion point, and the other core being linear and dispersive. Both two-dimensional (2D) and one-dimensional (1D) EP systems may be emulated by means of this optical setting. In the framework of this system, we find that, while the uniform state corresponding to the lower branch of the nonlinear dispersion relation is stable against small perturbations, the upper branch is always subject to the modulational instability. The stability and instability are verified by direct simulations too. We analyze collective excitations on top of the stable lower-branch state, which include a Bogoliubov-like gapless mode and a gapped one. Analytical results are obtained for the corresponding sound velocity and energy gap. The effect of a uniform phase gradient (superflow) on the stability is considered too, with a conclusion that the lower-branch state becomes unstable above a critical wave number of the flux. Finally, we demonstrate that the stable 1D state may carry robust dark solitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Salasnich
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei" and CNISM, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, Via Nello Carrara, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Boris A Malomed
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Flavio Toigo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei" and CNISM, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
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50
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Coupled counterrotating polariton condensates in optically defined annular potentials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:8770-5. [PMID: 24889642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1401988111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polariton condensates are macroscopic quantum states formed by half-matter half-light quasiparticles, thus connecting the phenomena of atomic Bose-Einstein condensation, superfluidity, and photon lasing. Here we report the spontaneous formation of such condensates in programmable potential landscapes generated by two concentric circles of light. The imposed geometry supports the emergence of annular states that extend up to 100 μm, yet are fully coherent and exhibit a spatial structure that remains stable for minutes at a time. These states exhibit a petal-like intensity distribution arising due to the interaction of two superfluids counterpropagating in the circular waveguide defined by the optical potential. In stark contrast to annular modes in conventional lasing systems, the resulting standing wave patterns exhibit only minimal overlap with the pump laser itself. We theoretically describe the system using a complex Ginzburg-Landau equation, which indicates why the condensate wants to rotate. Experimentally, we demonstrate the ability to precisely control the structure of the petal condensates both by carefully modifying the excitation geometry as well as perturbing the system on ultrafast timescales to reveal unexpected superfluid dynamics.
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