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Spin-textures of medium-body boson systems with trapped spin-f cold atoms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15357. [PMID: 36100622 PMCID: PMC9470676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The spin-textures of bound medium-body systems with spin-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathfrak {f}$$\end{document}f atoms (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathfrak {f}\ge 3$$\end{document}f≥3) have been studied. The Hamiltonian is assumed to be dominated by the two-body interaction favoring parallel spins. The system with particle number \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$N=8$$\end{document}N=8 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathfrak {f}=3$$\end{document}f=3 is first chosen, and the Hamiltonian is exactly diagonalized by using Fock-states as basis-states, thereby all the eigenenergies and eigenstates are obtained and a detailed analysis is made. Then the cases with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$N=13$$\end{document}N=13 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathfrak {f}=4$$\end{document}f=4 are further studied. Since the total spin S is conserved, the eigenstates having the same S form an S-group. Let the lowest (highest) energy state of an S-group be called a bottom-state (top-state). We found that all the bottom-states are bipartite product states with constituent states describing fully polarized subsystems containing \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$N_1$$\end{document}N1 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$N_2$$\end{document}N2 (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\le N_1$$\end{document}≤N1) particles, respectively. For two bottom-states different in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$N_2$$\end{document}N2, the one with a larger \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$N_2$$\end{document}N2 is higher. For two having the same \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$N_2$$\end{document}N2, the one with a smaller S is higher. Whereas all the top-states are found to be essentially a product state of the pairs, in each pair the two spins are coupled to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\lambda$$\end{document}λ if the strength of the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\lambda$$\end{document}λ-channel is more repulsive than the others. For the states belonging to an S-group, the higher one would contain more pieces. As the energy goes up, larger pieces (those containing more than two particles) will disappear.
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Reaction kinetics of ultracold molecule-molecule collisions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5244. [PMID: 30531934 PMCID: PMC6286306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying chemical reactions on a state-to-state level tests and improves our fundamental understanding of chemical processes. For such investigations it is convenient to make use of ultracold atomic and molecular reactants as they can be prepared in well defined internal and external quantum states. Here, we investigate a single-channel reaction of two Li2-Feshbach molecules where one of the molecules dissociates into two atoms 2AB ⇒ AB + A + B. The process is a prototype for a class of four-body collisions where two reactants produce three product particles. We measure the collisional dissociation rate constant of this process as a function of collision energy/temperature and scattering length. We confirm an Arrhenius-law dependence on the collision energy, an a4 power-law dependence on the scattering length a and determine a universal four body reaction constant.
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3
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Inelastic collisions of ultracold triplet Rb 2 molecules in the rovibrational ground state. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14854. [PMID: 28332492 PMCID: PMC5376650 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring and controlling inelastic and reactive collisions on the quantum level is a main goal of the developing field of ultracold chemistry. For this, the preparation of precisely defined initial atomic and molecular states in tailored environments is necessary. Here we present experimental studies of inelastic collisions of metastable ultracold Rb2 molecules in an array of quasi-1D potential tubes. In particular, we investigate collisions of molecules in the absolute lowest triplet energy level where any inelastic process requires a change of the electronic state. Remarkably, we find similar decay rates as for collisions between rotationally or vibrationally excited triplet molecules where other decay paths are also available. The decay rates are close to the ones for universal reactions but vary considerably when confinement and collision energy are changed. This might be exploited to control the collisional properties of molecules. Investigating the collisional behaviour of molecules on the quantum level is the key in understanding and controlling chemical reactions. Here the authors measure inelastic collision rates for ultracold Rb2 dimers in precisely defined quantum states and show that the rates can be tuned via external parameters.
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4
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Levinsen J, Parish MM. Bound states in a quasi-two-dimensional Fermi gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:055304. [PMID: 23414030 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.055304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We consider the problem of N identical fermions of mass m(↑) and one distinguishable particle of mass m(↓) interacting via short-range interactions in a confined quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) geometry. For N=2 and mass ratios m(↑)/m(↓)<13.6, we find non-Efimov trimers that smoothly evolve from 2D to 3D. In the limit of strong 2D confinement, we show that the energy of the N+1 system can be approximated by an effective two-channel model. We use this approximation to solve the 3+1 problem and we find that a bound tetramer can exist for mass ratios m(↑)/m(↓) as low as 5 for strong confinement, thus providing the first example of a universal, non-Efimov tetramer involving three identical fermions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Levinsen
- T.C.M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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5
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Ulmanis J, Deiglmayr J, Repp M, Wester R, Weidemüller M. Ultracold Molecules Formed by Photoassociation: Heteronuclear Dimers, Inelastic Collisions, and Interactions with Ultrashort Laser Pulses. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4890-927. [PMID: 22931226 DOI: 10.1021/cr300215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juris Ulmanis
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg
12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Deiglmayr
- Laboratorium für Physikalische
Chemie, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse
10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Repp
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg
12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Wester
- Institut für Ionenphysik
und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25/3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg
12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Tan S. Universal bound states of two particles in mixed dimensions or near a mirror. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:020401. [PMID: 23030131 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Some novel two-body effects analogous to the well-known three-body Efimov effect are predicted. In the systems considered, particle A is constrained on a truncated or bent one-dimensional line or two-dimensional plane, or on one side of a flat mirror in three dimensions (3D). The constraining potential is fine-tuned such that particle A's ground state wave function is a constant in the region in which it is constrained. Particle B moves in 3D and interacts with particle A, resonantly. An infinite sequence of giant two-body bound states are found in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shina Tan
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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7
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Far from equilibrium percolation, stochastic and shape resonances in the physics of life. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:6810-33. [PMID: 22072921 PMCID: PMC3211012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12106810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Key physical concepts, relevant for the cross-fertilization between condensed matter physics and the physics of life seen as a collective phenomenon in a system out-of-equilibrium, are discussed. The onset of life can be driven by: (a) the critical fluctuations at the protonic percolation threshold in membrane transport; (b) the stochastic resonance in biological systems, a mechanism that can exploit external and self-generated noise in order to gain efficiency in signal processing; and (c) the shape resonance (or Fano resonance or Feshbach resonance) in the association and dissociation processes of bio-molecules (a quantum mechanism that could play a key role to establish a macroscopic quantum coherence in the cell).
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Bovino S, Tacconi M, Gianturco FA. Cold Chemistry with Ionic Partners: Quantum Features of HeH+(1Σ) with H(1S) at Ultralow Energies. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:8197-203. [DOI: 10.1021/jp203113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bovino
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Tacconi
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - F. A. Gianturco
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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9
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Knoop S, Ferlaino F, Berninger M, Mark M, Nägerl HC, Grimm R, D'Incao JP, Esry BD. Magnetically controlled exchange process in an ultracold atom-dimer mixture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:053201. [PMID: 20366759 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.053201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of an elementary exchange process in an optically trapped ultracold sample of atoms and Feshbach molecules. We can magnetically control the energetic nature of the process and tune it from endoergic to exoergic, enabling the observation of a pronounced threshold behavior. In contrast to relaxation to more deeply bound molecular states, the exchange process does not lead to trap loss. We find excellent agreement between our experimental observations and calculations based on the solutions of three-body Schrödinger equation in the adiabatic hyperspherical representation. The high efficiency of the exchange process is explained by the halo character of both the initial and final molecular states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Knoop
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Ferlaino F, Grimm R. Forty years of Efimov physics: How a bizarre prediction turned into a hot topic. PHYSICS 2010. [DOI: 10.1103/physics.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Nakamura T, Kobayashi N, Kondo Y, Satou Y, Aoi N, Baba H, Deguchi S, Fukuda N, Gibelin J, Inabe N, Ishihara M, Kameda D, Kawada Y, Kubo T, Kusaka K, Mengoni A, Motobayashi T, Ohnishi T, Ohtake M, Orr NA, Otsu H, Otsuka T, Saito A, Sakurai H, Shimoura S, Sumikama T, Takeda H, Takeshita E, Takechi M, Takeuchi S, Tanaka K, Tanaka KN, Tanaka N, Togano Y, Utsuno Y, Yoneda K, Yoshida A, Yoshida K. Halo structure of the island of inversion nucleus 31Ne. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:262501. [PMID: 20366309 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.262501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The cross sections for single-neutron removal from the very neutron-rich nucleus 31Ne on Pb and C targets have been measured at 230 MeV/nucleon using the RIBF facility at RIKEN. The deduced large Coulomb breakup cross section of 540(70) mb is indicative of a soft E1 excitation. Comparison with direct-breakup model calculations suggests that the valence neutron of 31Ne occupies a low-l orbital (most probably 2p(3/2)) with a small separation energy (S(n) approximately < 0.8 MeV), instead of being predominantly in the 1f(7/2) orbital as expected from the conventional shell ordering. These findings suggest that 31Ne is the heaviest halo system known.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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12
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D'Incao JP, Esry BD. Ultracold three-body collisions near overlapping Feshbach resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:083202. [PMID: 19792726 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.083202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive collection of ultracold three-body collisions properties near overlapping Feshbach resonances. Our results incorporate variations of all scattering lengths and demonstrate novel collisional behavior, such as atom-molecule interference effects. Taking advantage of the unique ways in which these collisions reflect Efimov physics, new pathways to control atomic and molecular losses open up. Further, we show that overlapping resonances can greatly improve the chances of observing multiple Efimov features in an ultracold quantum gas for nearly any system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P D'Incao
- JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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D'Incao JP, von Stecher J, Greene CH. Universal four-Boson states in ultracold molecular gases: resonant effects in dimer-dimer collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:033004. [PMID: 19659275 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.033004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We study the manifestations of universal four-body physics in ultracold dimer-dimer collisions. We show that resonant features associated with three-body Efimov physics and dimer-dimer scattering lengths are universally related. The emergence of universal four-boson states allows for the tunability of the dimer-dimer interaction, thus enabling the future study of ultracold molecular gases with both attractive and repulsive interactions. Moreover, our study of the interconversion between dimers and Efimov trimers shows that B2+B2-->B3+B rearrangement reactions can provide an efficient trimer formation mechanism. Our analysis of the temperature dependence of this reaction provides an interpretation of the available experimental data and sheds light on the possible experimental realization of rearrangement processes in ultracold gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P D'Incao
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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Ferlaino F, Knoop S, Berninger M, Harm W, D'Incao JP, Nägerl HC, Grimm R. Evidence for universal four-body states tied to an Efimov trimer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:140401. [PMID: 19392415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.140401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the measurement of four-body recombination rate coefficients in an atomic gas. Our results obtained with an ultracold sample of cesium atoms at negative scattering lengths show a resonant enhancement of losses and provide strong evidence for the existence of a pair of four-body states, which is strictly connected to Efimov trimers via universal relations. Our findings confirm recent theoretical predictions and demonstrate the enrichment of the Efimov scenario when a fourth particle is added to the generic three-body problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Wang Y, Esry BD. Efimov trimer formation via ultracold four-body recombination. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:133201. [PMID: 19392351 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the collisional formation of Efimov trimers via ultracold four-body recombination. In particular, we consider the reaction A+A+A+B-->A_{3}+B with A and B ultracold atoms. We obtain expressions for the four-body recombination rate up to an overall constant and show that it reflects the three-body Efimov physics either as a function of collision energy or as a function of the two-body s-wave scattering length between A atoms. In addition, we briefly discuss issues important for experimentally observing this interesting and unexplored process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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