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Golovin IS. Anelastic Effects in Fe-Ga and Fe-Ga-Based Alloys: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2365. [PMID: 36984245 PMCID: PMC10057477 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fe-Ga alloys (GalFeNOLs) are the focus of attention due to their enhanced magneto-elastic properties, namely, magnetostriction in low saturation magnetic fields. In the last several years, special attention has been paid to the anelastic properties of these alloys. In this review, we collected and analyzed the frequency-, amplitude-, and temperature-dependent anelasticity in Fe-Ga and Fe-Ga-based alloys in the Hertz range of forced and free-decay vibrations. Special attention is paid to anelasticity caused by phase transitions: for this purpose, in situ neutron diffraction tests with the same heating or cooling rates were carried out in parallel with temperature dependencies measurements to control ctructure and phase transitions. The main part of this review is devoted to anelastic effects in binary Fe-Ga alloys, but we also consider ternary alloys of the systems Fe-Ga-Al and Fe-Ga-RE (RE-Rare Earth elements) to discuss similarities and differences between anelastic properties in Fe-Ga and Fe-Al alloys and effect of RE elements. We report and discuss several thermally activated effects, including Zener- and Snoek-type relaxation, several transient anelastic phenomena caused by phase transitions (D03 ↔ A2, D03 → L12, L12 ↔ D019, D019 ↔ B2, Fe13Ga9 → L12+Fe6Ga5 phases), and their influence on the above-mentioned thermally activated effects. We also report amplitude-dependent damping caused by dislocations and magnetic domain walls and try to understand the paradox between the Smith-Birchak model predicting higher damping capacity for materials with higher saturation magnetostriction and existing experimental results. The main attention in this review is paid to alloys with 17-20 and 25-30%Ga as the alloys with the best functional (magnetostriction) properties. Nevertheless, we provide information on a broader range of alloys from 6 to 45%Ga. Due to the limited space, we do not discuss other mechanical and physical properties in depth but focus on anelasticity. A short introduction to the theory of anelasticity precedes the main part of this review of anelastic effects in Fe-Ga and related alloys and unsolved issues are collected in summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S. Golovin
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninsky ave. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia; or
- Moscow Polytechnic University, B. Semenovskay 38, 107023 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Magnetic control over the fundamental structure of atomic wires. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4113. [PMID: 35840588 PMCID: PMC9287401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
When reducing the size of materials towards the nanoscale, magnetic properties can emerge due to structural variations. Here, we show the reverse effect, where the structure of nanomaterials is controlled by magnetic manipulations. Using the break-junction technique, we find that the interatomic distance in platinum atomic wires is shorter or longer by up to ∼20%, when a magnetic field is applied parallel or perpendicular to the wires during their formation, respectively. The magnetic field direction also affects the wire length, where longer (shorter) wires are formed under a parallel (perpendicular) field. Our experimental analysis, supported by calculations, indicates that the direction of the applied magnetic field promotes the formation of suspended atomic wires with a specific magnetization orientation associated with typical orbital characteristics, interatomic distance, and stability. A similar effect is found for various metal and metal-oxide atomic wires, demonstrating that magnetic fields can control the atomistic structure of different nanomaterials when applied during their formation stage. Magnetic effects can emerge due to structural variations when the size of materials is reduced towards the nanoscale. Here, Chakrabarti et al demonstrates the opposite effect, showing that the interatomic distance in atomic wires changes by up to 20% depending on the orientation of an applied magnetic field.
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Xu W, Zhang G, Shou H, Zhou J, Chen S, Chu S, Zhang J, Song L. Approach to electrochemical modulating differential extended X-ray absorption fine structure. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1065-1073. [PMID: 35787574 PMCID: PMC9255574 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522005616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The differential XAFS technique holds promise for detecting surface changes, which benefits many chemical applications. Phase-sensitive detection (PSD) analysis based on modulated excitation spectroscopy experiments is expected to obtain a high-quality difference spectrum, while the mathematical relationship and experiment parameters remain to be discussed. In this article, an approach to obtaining the difference spectrum from the PSD demodulated spectrum is described and its applicability in different experiment settings is discussed. The results indicate that the demodulated spectrum is almost equal to the difference spectrum when the modulating period is 20 times larger than the relaxation time constant. This approach was subsequently applied to an electrochemical modulation experiment and the demodulated spectrum was analyzed. A reversible lattice shrinking is observed via the fitting of demodulated spectra, which is proportional to the charge amount on the electrode. This approach could be used to quantitatively analyze the modulated excitation XAS data and holds promise for a wide range of electrochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guikai Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Shou
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangming Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengqi Chu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Kopyl S, Surmenev R, Surmeneva M, Fetisov Y, Kholkin A. Magnetoelectric effect: principles and applications in biology and medicine- a review. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100149. [PMID: 34746734 PMCID: PMC8554634 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) effect experimentally discovered about 60 years ago remains one of the promising research fields with the main applications in microelectronics and sensors. However, its applications to biology and medicine are still in their infancy. For the diagnosis and treatment of diseases at the intracellular level, it is necessary to develop a maximally non-invasive way of local stimulation of individual neurons, navigation, and distribution of biomolecules in damaged cells with relatively high efficiency and adequate spatial and temporal resolution. Recently developed ME materials (composites), which combine elastically coupled piezoelectric (PE) and magnetostrictive (MS) phases, have been shown to yield very strong ME effects even at room temperature. This makes them a promising toolbox for solving many problems of modern medicine. The main ME materials, processing technologies, as well as most prospective biomedical applications will be overviewed, and modern trends in using ME materials for future therapies, wireless power transfer, and optogenetics will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kopyl
- Department of Physics & CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R. Surmenev
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M. Surmeneva
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Y. Fetisov
- Research & Education Centre ‘Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices’, MIREA – Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Kholkin
- Department of Physics & CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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5
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Singh H, Donetsky D, Liu J, Attenkofer K, Cheng B, Trelewicz JR, Lubomirsky I, Stavitski E, Frenkel AI. Investigation of periodically driven systems by x-ray absorption spectroscopy using asynchronous data collection mode. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:045111. [PMID: 29716373 DOI: 10.1063/1.5000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the development, testing, and demonstration of a setup for modulation excitation spectroscopy experiments at the Inner Shell Spectroscopy beamline of National Synchrotron Light Source - II. A computer algorithm and dedicated software were developed for asynchronous data processing and analysis. We demonstrate the reconstruction of X-ray absorption spectra for different time points within the modulation pulse using a model system. This setup and the software are intended for a broad range of functional materials which exhibit structural and/or electronic responses to the external stimulation, such as catalysts, energy and battery materials, and electromechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - D Donetsky
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - K Attenkofer
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - B Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J R Trelewicz
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - I Lubomirsky
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - E Stavitski
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A I Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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6
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Highly thermal-stable ferromagnetism by a natural composite. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13937. [PMID: 28098145 PMCID: PMC5253650 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
All ferromagnetic materials show deterioration of magnetism-related properties such as magnetization and magnetostriction with increasing temperature, as the result of gradual loss of magnetic order with approaching Curie temperature TC. However, technologically, it is highly desired to find a magnetic material that can resist such magnetism deterioration and maintain stable magnetism up to its TC, but this seems against the conventional wisdom about ferromagnetism. Here we show that a Fe–Ga alloy exhibits highly thermal-stable magnetization up to the vicinity of its TC, 880 K. Also, the magnetostriction shows nearly no deterioration over a very wide temperature range. Such unusual behaviour stems from dual-magnetic-phase nature of this alloy, in which a gradual structural-magnetic transformation occurs between two magnetic phases so that the magnetism deterioration is compensated by the growth of the ferromagnetic phase with larger magnetization. Our finding may help to develop highly thermal-stable ferromagnetic and magnetostrictive materials. Magnetism deterioration is usually expected in all ferromagnetic materials with increasing temperature. Here, Ma et al. report a Fe-Ga alloy with highly thermal-stable magnetization up to 880 K and with nearly no deterioration over a wide temperature range in magnetostriction.
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7
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Boccato S, Sanson A, Kantor I, Mathon O, Dyadkin V, Chernyshov D, Carnera A, Pascarelli S. Thermal and magnetic anomalies of α-iron: an exploration by extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and synchrotron x-ray diffraction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:355401. [PMID: 27385480 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/35/355401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The local structure and dynamics of α-iron have been investigated by extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to shed light on some thermal and magnetic anomalies observed in the last decades. The quantitative EXAFS analysis of the first two coordination shells reveals a peculiar local vibrational dynamics of α-iron: the second neighbor distance exhibits anharmonicity and vibrational anisotropy larger than the first neighbor distance. We search for possible distortions of the bcc structure to justify the unexplained magnetostriction anomalies of α-iron and provide a value for the maximum dislocation of the central Fe atom. No thermal anomalies have been detected from the current XRD data. On the contrary, an intriguing thermal anomaly at about 150 K, ascribed to a stiffening of the Fe-Fe bonds, was found by EXAFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Boccato
- ESRF-European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
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8
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Understanding strong magnetostriction in Fe(100-x)Ga(x) alloys. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3521. [PMID: 24343479 PMCID: PMC3865486 DOI: 10.1038/srep03521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetostriction of ferromagnetic materials describes the change of their shape or dimension in response to the reorientation of magnetization under the influence of external magnetic field. Fe100−xGax binary alloys (Galfenol) have large magnetostriction and excellent ductility; and they are very promising rare-earth free materials for applications in sensors, actuators, energy-harvesters and spintronic devices. Here we report results of large-scale ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations for Galfenol, especially regarding the mechanism that leads to the sudden drop of tetragonal magnetostriction at x ~ 19, a long-standing puzzle for the community. Based on rigid band analysis, we propose possible ways to further optimize the performance of Galfenol for device applications. For example, we found that the substitution of a small amount of Cu for Ga (1.6%) in certain configuration may double the magnetostriction of Galfenol.
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Chu S, Zheng L, Zhou Y, Zhou A, Zhang J, Che R, Liu J, Hu T. The measurement of differential EXAFS modulated by high pressure. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2011; 18:728-732. [PMID: 21862852 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049511023442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Differential EXAFS (DiffEXAFS) is able to detect subtle atomic perturbations in the local area of the absorbing atom. Here a new method of performing DiffEXAFS experiments under the modulation of high pressure has been developed. Periodic pressure was achieved in the gasket with the help of a dynamic diamond anvil cell, and the measurements were conducted in common energy-scanning mode. This technique has been utilized on ZnSe at 4.8 GPa. The present results have demonstrated a good agreement with the equation of state of ZnSe, and revealed sensitivity to atomic displacements of one order higher in magnitude than that of conventional EXAFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqi Chu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Laver M, Mudivarthi C, Cullen JR, Flatau AB, Chen WC, Watson SM, Wuttig M. Magnetostriction and magnetic heterogeneities in iron-gallium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:027202. [PMID: 20867734 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.027202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Iron-gallium alloys Fe(1-x)Ga(x) exhibit an exceptional increase in magnetostriction with gallium content. We present small-angle neutron scattering investigations on a Fe(0.81)Ga(0.19) single crystal. We uncover heterogeneities with an average spacing of 15 nm and with magnetizations distinct from the matrix. The moments in and around the heterogeneities are observed to reorient with an applied magnetic field or mechanical strain. We discuss the possible roles played by nanoscale magnetic heterogeneities in the mechanism for magnetostriction in this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laver
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Tsuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hayashi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Inceon, 402-751, Korea
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12
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Pascarelli S, Mathon O. Advances in high brilliance energy dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:5535-46. [DOI: 10.1039/b926509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cao H, Gehring PM, Devreugd CP, Rodriguez-Rivera JA, Li J, Viehland D. Role of nanoscale precipitates on the enhanced magnetostriction of heat-treated galfenol (Fe1-xGax) alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:127201. [PMID: 19392316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.127201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report neutron diffuse scattering measurements on highly magnetostrictive Fe1-xGax alloys (0.14<x<0.20) with different thermal treatments. This diffuse scattering scales with magnetostriction and exhibits asymmetric peaks at the (100) and (300) reciprocal lattice positions that are consistent with the coexistence of short-range ordered, coherent nanometer-scale precipitates embedded in a long-range ordered, body-centered cubic matrix. A large peak splitting is observed at (300) for x=0.19, which indicates that the nanoprecipitates are not cubic and have a large elastic strain. This implies a structural origin for the enhanced magnetostriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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