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Hecker K, Banszerus L, Schäpers A, Möller S, Peters A, Icking E, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Volk C, Stampfer C. Coherent charge oscillations in a bilayer graphene double quantum dot. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7911. [PMID: 38036517 PMCID: PMC10689829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The coherent dynamics of a quantum mechanical two-level system passing through an anti-crossing of two energy levels can give rise to Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana (LZSM) interference. LZSM interference spectroscopy has proven to be a fruitful tool to investigate charge noise and charge decoherence in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Recently, bilayer graphene has developed as a promising platform to host highly tunable QDs potentially useful for hosting spin and valley qubits. So far, in this system no coherent oscillations have been observed and little is known about charge noise in this material. Here, we report coherent charge oscillations and [Formula: see text] charge decoherence times in a bilayer graphene double QD. The charge decoherence times are measured independently using LZSM interference and photon assisted tunneling. Both techniques yield [Formula: see text] average values in the range of 400-500 ps. The observation of charge coherence allows to study the origin and spectral distribution of charge noise in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hecker
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - L Banszerus
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - A Schäpers
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Möller
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - A Peters
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - E Icking
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - K Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - C Volk
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - C Stampfer
- JARA-FIT and 2nd Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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2
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Li DX, Shao XQ. Rapid population transfer of a two-level system by a polychromatic driving field. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9023. [PMID: 31227755 PMCID: PMC6588596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a simple exact analytical solution for a model consisting of a two-level system and a polychromatic driving field. It helps us to realize a rapid complete population transfer from the ground state to the excited state, and the system can be stable at the excited state for an extremely long time. A combination of the mechanism and the Rydberg atoms successfully prepares the Bell state and multipartite W state, and the experimental feasibility is discussed via the current experimental parameters. Finally, the simple exact analytical solution is generalized into a three-level system, which leads to a significant enhancement of the robustness against dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D X Li
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.,Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - X Q Shao
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China. .,Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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3
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Gonzalez-Zalba MF, Shevchenko SN, Barraud S, Johansson JR, Ferguson AJ, Nori F, Betz AC. Gate-Sensing Coherent Charge Oscillations in a Silicon Field-Effect Transistor. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1614-1619. [PMID: 26866446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum mechanical effects induced by the miniaturization of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology hamper the performance and scalability prospects of field-effect transistors. However, those quantum effects, such as tunneling and coherence, can be harnessed to use existing CMOS technology for quantum information processing. Here, we report the observation of coherent charge oscillations in a double quantum dot formed in a silicon nanowire transistor detected via its dispersive interaction with a radio frequency resonant circuit coupled via the gate. Differential capacitance changes at the interdot charge transitions allow us to monitor the state of the system in the strong-driving regime where we observe the emergence of Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana interference on the phase response of the resonator. A theoretical analysis of the dispersive signal demonstrates that quantum and tunneling capacitance changes must be included to describe the qubit-resonator interaction. Furthermore, a Fourier analysis of the interference pattern reveals a charge coherence time, T2 ≈ 100 ps. Our results demonstrate charge coherent control and readout in a simple silicon transistor and open up the possibility to implement charge and spin qubits in existing CMOS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey N Shevchenko
- B.Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, Kharkov 61103, Ukraine
- V. Karazin Kharkov National University , Kharkov 61022, Ukraine
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN , Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - J Robert Johansson
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN , Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Andrew J Ferguson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Franco Nori
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN , Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andreas C Betz
- Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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4
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Sun G, Wen X, Gong M, Zhang DW, Yu Y, Zhu SL, Chen J, Wu P, Han S. Observation of coherent oscillation in single-passage Landau-Zener transitions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8463. [PMID: 25684697 PMCID: PMC4329555 DOI: 10.1038/srep08463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Landau-Zener transition (LZT) has been explored in a variety of physical systems for coherent population transfer between different quantum states. In recent years, there have been various proposals for applying LZT to quantum information processing because when compared to the methods using ac pulse for coherent population transfer, protocols based on LZT are less sensitive to timing errors. However, the effect of finite range of qubit energy available to LZT based state control operations has not been thoroughly examined. In this work, we show that using the well-known Landau-Zener formula in the vicinity of an avoided energy-level crossing will cause considerable errors due to coherent oscillation of the transition probability in a single-passage LZT experiment. The data agree well with the numerical simulations which take the transient dynamics of LZT into account. These results not only provide a closer view on the issue of finite-time LZT but also shed light on its effects on the quantum state manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhu Sun
- 1] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China [2] Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China [3] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Xueda Wen
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ming Gong
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA [2] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yang Yu
- 1] Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China [2] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shi-Liang Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jian Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Peiheng Wu
- 1] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China [2] Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Siyuan Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Forster F, Petersen G, Manus S, Hänggi P, Schuh D, Wegscheider W, Kohler S, Ludwig S. Characterization of qubit dephasing by Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:116803. [PMID: 24702402 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.116803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Controlling coherent interaction at avoided crossings and the dynamics there is at the heart of quantum information processing. A particularly intriguing dynamics is observed in the Landau-Zener regime, where periodic passages through the avoided crossing result in an interference pattern carrying information about qubit properties. In this Letter, we demonstrate a straightforward method, based on steady-state experiments, to obtain all relevant information about a qubit, including complex environmental influences. We use a two-electron charge qubit defined in a lateral double quantum dot as test system and demonstrate a long coherence time of T2 ≃ 200 ns, which is limited by electron-phonon interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Forster
- Center for NanoScience & Fakultät für Physik, LMU-Munich, 80539 München, Germany
| | - G Petersen
- Center for NanoScience & Fakultät für Physik, LMU-Munich, 80539 München, Germany
| | - S Manus
- Center for NanoScience & Fakultät für Physik, LMU-Munich, 80539 München, Germany
| | - P Hänggi
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - D Schuh
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Wegscheider
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany and Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Kohler
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Ludwig
- Center for NanoScience & Fakultät für Physik, LMU-Munich, 80539 München, Germany
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6
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Ganeshan S, Barnes E, Das Sarma S. Exact classification of Landau-Majorana-Stückelberg-Zener resonances by floquet determinants. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:130405. [PMID: 24116753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.130405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have shown that Landau-Majorana-Stückelberg-Zener (LMSZ) interferometry is a powerful tool for demonstrating and exploiting quantum coherence not only in atomic systems but also in a variety of solid state quantum systems such as spins in quantum dots, superconducting qubits, and nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond. In this Letter, we propose and develop a general (and, in principle, exact) theoretical formalism to identify and characterize the interference resonances that are the hallmark of LMSZ interferometry. Unlike earlier approaches, our scheme does not require any approximations, allowing us to uncover important and previously unknown features of the resonance structure. We also discuss the experimental observability of our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Ganeshan
- Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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7
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Ultrafast universal quantum control of a quantum-dot charge qubit using Landau-Zener-Stückelberg interference. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1401. [PMID: 23360992 PMCID: PMC3562462 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A basic requirement for quantum information processing is the ability to universally control the state of a single qubit on timescales much shorter than the coherence time. Although ultrafast optical control of a single spin has been achieved in quantum dots, scaling up such methods remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate complete control of the quantum-dot charge qubit on the picosecond scale, orders of magnitude faster than the previously measured electrically controlled charge- or spin-based qubits. We observe tunable qubit dynamics in a charge-stability diagram, in a time domain, and in a pulse amplitude space of the driven pulse. The observations are well described by Landau–Zener–Stückelberg interference. These results establish the feasibility of a full set of all-electrical single-qubit operations. Although our experiment is carried out in a solid-state architecture, the technique is independent of the physical encoding of the quantum information and has the potential for wider applications. Universal control of the state of qubits on timescales much shorter than the coherence time is necessary for quantum computation. The authors demonstrate electrical control of a charge qubit in quantum dots on the picosecond scale, which is orders of magnitude faster than previously reported.
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8
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Whitney RS, Clusel M, Ziman T. Temperature can enhance coherent oscillations at a Landau-Zener transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:210402. [PMID: 22181860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.210402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We consider sweeping a system through a Landau-Zener avoided crossing, when that system is also coupled to an environment or noise. Unsurprisingly, we find that decoherence suppresses the coherent oscillations of quantum superpositions of system states, as superpositions decohere into mixed states. However, we also find an effect we call "Lamb-assisted coherent oscillations," in which a Lamb shift exponentially enhances the coherent-oscillation amplitude. This dominates for high-frequency environments such as super-Ohmic environments, where the coherent oscillations can grow exponentially as either the environment coupling or temperature are increased. The effect could be used as an experimental probe for high-frequency environments in such systems as molecular magnets, solid-state qubits, spin-polarized gases (neutrons or He3), or Bose condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Whitney
- Laboratoire de Physique et Modélisation des Milieux Condensés, UMR, Université Joseph Fourier and CNRS, Grenoble, France
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9
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Sun G, Wen X, Mao B, Chen J, Yu Y, Wu P, Han S. Tunable quantum beam splitters for coherent manipulation of a solid-state tripartite qubit system. Nat Commun 2010; 1:51. [PMID: 20975719 PMCID: PMC2982164 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent control of quantum states is at the heart of implementing solid-state quantum
processors and testing quantum mechanics at the macroscopic level. Despite significant
progress made in recent years in controlling single- and bi-partite quantum systems,
coherent control of quantum wave function in multipartite systems involving artificial
solid-state qubits has been hampered due to the relatively short decoherence time and lack
of precise control methods. Here we report the creation and coherent manipulation of quantum
states in a tripartite quantum system, which is formed by a superconducting qubit coupled to
two microscopic two-level systems (TLSs). The avoided crossings in the system's energy-level
spectrum due to the qubit–TLS interaction act as tunable quantum beam splitters of wave
functions. Our result shows that the Landau–Zener–Stückelberg interference has great
potential in precise control of the quantum states in the tripartite system. Coherent control of solid-state multi-qubit systems is
highly desirable for quantum information. Here the authors show coupling, and control through
Landau–Zener interference, of a superconducting qubit and two microscopic two-level systems, creating
an interesting platform for quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhu Sun
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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10
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Amplitude spectroscopy of a solid-state artificial atom. Nature 2008; 455:51-7. [PMID: 18769433 DOI: 10.1038/nature07262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The energy-level structure of a quantum system, which has a fundamental role in its behaviour, can be observed as discrete lines and features in absorption and emission spectra. Conventionally, spectra are measured using frequency spectroscopy, whereby the frequency of a harmonic electromagnetic driving field is tuned into resonance with a particular separation between energy levels. Although this technique has been successfully employed in a variety of physical systems, including natural and artificial atoms and molecules, its application is not universally straightforward and becomes extremely challenging for frequencies in the range of tens to hundreds of gigahertz. Here we introduce a complementary approach, amplitude spectroscopy, whereby a harmonic driving field sweeps an artificial atom through the avoided crossings between energy levels at a fixed frequency. Spectroscopic information is obtained from the amplitude dependence of the system's response, thereby overcoming many of the limitations of a broadband-frequency-based approach. The resulting 'spectroscopy diamonds', the regions in parameter space where transitions between specific pairs of levels can occur, exhibit interference patterns and population inversion that serve to distinguish the atom's spectrum. Amplitude spectroscopy provides a means of manipulating and characterizing systems over an extremely broad bandwidth, using only a single driving frequency that may be orders of magnitude smaller than the energy scales being probed.
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