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Lehnert R. The Standard-Model Extension. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202328201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lorentz and CPT symmetry represent cornerstones of our present understanding of nature, but may be violated in various theoretical approaches to underlying physics. Testing these symmetries therefore establishes a promising avenue to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. The canonical theoretical tool to identify possible experimental signatures of such violations is an effective-field-theory framework known as the Standard-Model Extension. This talk provides an overview of this topic with focus on efforts involving low-energy atomic and subatomic systems.
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Abstract
An overview of searches related to neutrinos of astronomical and astrophysical origin performed within the framework of the Standard-Model Extension is provided. For this effective field theory, key definitions, intriguing physical consequences, and the mathematical formalism are summarized within the neutrino sector to search for effects from a background that could lead to small deviations from Lorentz symmetry. After an introduction to the fundamental theory, examples of various experiments within the astronomical and astrophysical context are provided. Order-of-magnitude bounds of SME coefficients are shown illustratively for the tight constraints that this sector allows us to place on such violations.
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Construction of Higher-Order Metric Fluctuation Terms in Spacetime Symmetry-Breaking Effective Field Theory. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13050834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the basic conservation laws for diffeomorphism symmetry in the context of spontaneous diffeomorphism and local Lorentz-symmetry breaking. The conservation laws were used as constraints on a generic series of terms in an expansion around a flat background. We found all such terms for a two-tensor coupling to cubic order in the metric and tensor field fluctuations. The results are presented in a form that can be used for phenomenological calculations. One key result is that if we preserve the underlying diffeomorphism symmetry in a spontaneous-symmetry breaking scenario, one cannot decouple the two-tensor fluctuations from the metric fluctuations at the level of the action, except in special cases of the quadratic actions.
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Abstract
Modified theories of gravity that explicitly break diffeomorphism invariance have been used for over a decade to explore open issues related to quantum gravity, dark energy, and dark matter. At the same time, the Standard-Model Extension (SME) has been widely used as a phenomenological framework in investigations of spacetime symmetry breaking. Until recently, it was thought that the SME was suitable only for theories with spontaneous spacetime symmetry breaking due to consistency conditions stemming from the Bianchi identities. However, it has recently been shown that, particularly with matter couplings included, the consistency conditions can also be satisfied in theories with explicit breaking. An overview of how this is achieved is presented, and two examples are examined. The first is massive gravity, which includes a nondynamical background tensor. The second is a model based on a low-energy limit of Hořava gravity, where spacetime has a physically preferred foliation. In both cases, bounds on matter–gravity interactions that explicitly break diffeomorphisms are obtained using the SME.
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Abstract
The effects of Lorentz and CPT violations on macroscopic objects are explored. Effective composite coefficients for Lorentz violation are derived in terms of coefficients for electrons, protons, and neutrons in the Standard-Model Extension, including all minimal and non-minimal violations. The hamiltonian and modified Newton’s second law for a test body are derived. The framework is applied to free-fall and torsion-balance tests of the weak equivalence principle and to orbital motion. The effects on continuous media are studied, and the frequency shifts in acoustic resonators are calculated.
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Bars HPL, Guerlin C, Hees A, Peaucelle R, Tasson JD, Bailey QG, Mo G, Delva P, Meynadier F, Touboul P, Métris G, Rodrigues M, Bergé J, Wolf P. New Test of Lorentz Invariance Using the MICROSCOPE Space Mission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:231102. [PMID: 31868496 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.231102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We use data from the T-SAGE instrument on board the MICROSCOPE space mission to search for Lorentz violation in matter-gravity couplings as described by the Lorentz violating standard model extension (SME) coefficients (a[over ¯]_{eff})_{μ}^{w}, where (μ=T, X, Y, Z) and (w=e, p, n) for the electron, proton, and neutron. One of the phenomenological consequences of a nonzero value of those coefficients is that test bodies of different composition fall differently in an external gravitational field. This is similar to "standard" tests of the universality of free fall, but with a specific signature that depends on the orbital velocity and rotation of Earth. We analyze data from five measurement sessions of MICROSCOPE spread over a year finding no evidence for such a signature, but setting constraints on linear combinations of the SME coefficients that improve on best previous results by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. Additionally, our independent linear combinations are different from previous ones, which increases the diversity of available constraints, paving the way towards a full decorrelation of the individual coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Pihan-le Bars
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christine Guerlin
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Hees
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Romain Peaucelle
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile (ESTACA), 78066 Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | - Jay D Tasson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - Quentin G Bailey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - Geoffrey Mo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - Pacôme Delva
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Meynadier
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon de Breteuil, 92312 Sèvres, France
| | - Pierre Touboul
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, 92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Gilles Métris
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Géoazur, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | | | - Joël Bergé
- DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay, 92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Peter Wolf
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 75014 Paris, France
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Moseley S, Scaramuzza N, Tasson JD, Trostel ML. Lorentz violation and Sagnac gyroscopes. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.064031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Lorentz symmetry is an important concept in modern physics. Precision pulsar timing was used to put tight constraints on the coefficients for Lorentz violation in the pure-gravity sector of the Standard-Model Extension (SME). We extend the analysis to Lorentz-violating matter-gravity couplings, utilizing three small-eccentricity relativistic neutron star (NS)—white dwarf (WD) binaries. We obtain compelling limits on various SME coefficients related to the neutron, the proton, and the electron. These results are complementary to limits obtained from lunar laser ranging and clock experiments.
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Shao CG, Chen YF, Tan YJ, Yang SQ, Luo J, Tobar ME, Long JC, Weisman E, Kostelecký VA. Combined Search for a Lorentz-Violating Force in Short-Range Gravity Varying as the Inverse Sixth Power of Distance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:011102. [PMID: 31012650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.011102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurements of the inverse-square law via experiments on short-range gravity provide sensitive tests of Lorentz symmetry. A combined analysis of data from experiments at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Indiana University sets simultaneous limits on all 22 coefficients for Lorentz violation correcting the Newton force law as the inverse sixth power of distance. Results are consistent with no effect at the level of 10^{-12} m^{4}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Gang Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fen Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Qing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Edmund Tobar
- Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - J C Long
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - E Weisman
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - V Alan Kostelecký
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Mercati F, Sergola M. Pauli-Jordan function and scalar field quantization in
κ
-Minkowski noncommutative spacetime. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.98.045017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Casana R, Cavalcante A, Poulis F, Santos E. Exact Schwarzschild-like solution in a bumblebee gravity model. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Flowers NA, Goodge C, Tasson JD. Superconducting-Gravimeter Tests of Local Lorentz Invariance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:201101. [PMID: 29219340 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Superconducting-gravimeter measurements are used to test the local Lorentz invariance of the gravitational interaction and of matter-gravity couplings. The best laboratory sensitivities to date are achieved via a maximum-reach analysis for 13 Lorentz-violating operators, with some improvements exceeding an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Flowers
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - Casey Goodge
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - Jay D Tasson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
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Experimental Design for Testing Local Lorentz Invariance Violations in Gravity. Symmetry (Basel) 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/sym9100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Shao CG, Tan YJ, Tan WH, Yang SQ, Luo J, Tobar ME, Bailey QG, Long JC, Weisman E, Xu R, Kostelecký VA. Combined Search for Lorentz Violation in Short-Range Gravity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:071102. [PMID: 27563946 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.071102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Short-range experiments testing the gravitational inverse-square law at the submillimeter scale offer uniquely sensitive probes of Lorentz invariance. A combined analysis of results from the short-range gravity experiments HUST-2015, HUST-2011, IU-2012, and IU-2002 permits the first independent measurements of the 14 nonrelativistic coefficients for Lorentz violation in the pure-gravity sector at the level of 10^{-9} m^{2}, improving by an order of magnitude the sensitivity to numerous types of Lorentz violation involving quadratic curvature derivatives and curvature couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Gang Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hai Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Qing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Edmund Tobar
- School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Quentin G Bailey
- Physics Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J C Long
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - E Weisman
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - V Alan Kostelecký
- Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Albert J, Barbeau P, Beck D, Belov V, Breidenbach M, Brunner T, Burenkov A, Cao G, Chambers C, Cleveland B, Coon M, Craycraft A, Daniels T, Danilov M, Daugherty S, Davis C, Davis J, Delaquis S, Der Mesrobian-Kabakian A, DeVoe R, Díaz J, Didberidze T, Dilling J, Dolgolenko A, Dolinski M, Dunford M, Fairbank W, Farine J, Feyzbkhsh S, Feldmeier W, Fierlinger P, Fudenberg D, Gornea R, Graham K, Gratta G, Hall C, Homiller S, Hughes M, Jewell M, Jiang X, Johnson A, Johnson T, Johnston S, Karelin A, Kaufman L, Killick R, Koffas T, Kravitz S, Krücken R, Kuchenkov A, Kumar K, Leonard D, Licciardi C, Lin Y, Ling J, MacLellan R, Marino M, Mong B, Moore D, Nelson R, Njoya O, Odian A, Ostrovskiy I, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott C, Retiére F, Rowson P, Russell J, Schubert A, Sinclair D, Smith E, Stekhanov V, Tarka M, Tolba T, Tsang R, Twelker K, Vuilleumier JL, Vogel P, Waite A, Walton J, Walton T, Weber M, Wen L, Wichoski U, Wood J, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich OY. First search for Lorentz andCPTviolation in double beta decay with EXO-200. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.93.072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schreck M. Quantum field theoretic properties of Lorentz-violating operators of nonrenormalizable dimension in the fermion sector. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.90.085025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Belich H, Bakke K. Geometric quantum phases from Lorentz symmetry breaking effects in the cosmic string spacetime. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.90.025026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tasson JD. What do we know about Lorentz invariance? REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:062901. [PMID: 24875620 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/6/062901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The realization that Planck-scale physics can be tested with existing technology through the search for spacetime-symmetry violation brought about the development of a comprehensive framework, known as the gravitational standard-model extension (SME), for studying deviations from exact Lorentz and CPT symmetry in nature. The development of this framework and its motivation led to an explosion of new tests of Lorentz symmetry over the past decade and to considerable theoretical interest in the subject. This work reviews the key concepts associated with Lorentz and CPT symmetry, the structure of the SME framework, and some recent experimental and theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay D Tasson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55901, USA
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Hamilton P, Zhmoginov A, Robicheaux F, Fajans J, Wurtele JS, Müller H. Antimatter interferometry for gravity measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:121102. [PMID: 24724644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe a light-pulse atom interferometer that is suitable for any species of atom and even for electrons and protons as well as their antiparticles, in particular, for testing the Einstein equivalence principle with antihydrogen. The design obviates the need for resonant lasers through far-off resonant Bragg beam splitters and makes efficient use of scarce atoms by magnetic confinement and atom recycling. We expect to reach an initial accuracy of better than 1% for the acceleration of the free fall of antihydrogen, which can be improved to the part-per million level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hamilton
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Andrey Zhmoginov
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Joel Fajans
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan S Wurtele
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Holger Müller
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Hohensee MA, Müller H, Wiringa RB. Equivalence principle and bound kinetic energy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:151102. [PMID: 24160587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.151102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We consider the role of the internal kinetic energy of bound systems of matter in tests of the Einstein equivalence principle. Using the gravitational sector of the standard model extension, we show that stringent limits on equivalence principle violations in antimatter can be indirectly obtained from tests using bound systems of normal matter. We estimate the bound kinetic energy of nucleons in a range of light atomic species using Green's function Monte Carlo calculations, and for heavier species using a Woods-Saxon model. We survey the sensitivities of existing and planned experimental tests of the equivalence principle, and report new constraints at the level of between a few parts in 10(6) and parts in 10(8) on violations of the equivalence principle for matter and antimatter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hohensee
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Hohensee MA, Chu S, Peters A, Müller H. Equivalence principle and gravitational redshift. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:151102. [PMID: 21568541 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.151102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigate leading order deviations from general relativity that violate the Einstein equivalence principle in the gravitational standard model extension. We show that redshift experiments based on matter waves and clock comparisons are equivalent to one another. Consideration of torsion balance tests, along with matter-wave, microwave, optical, and Mössbauer clock tests, yields comprehensive limits on spin-independent Einstein equivalence principle-violating standard model extension terms at the 10(-6) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hohensee
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Casana R, Ferreira MM, Gomes AR, dos Santos FEP. Feynman propagator for the nonbirefringentCPT-even electrodynamics of the standard model extension. Int J Clin Exp Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.82.125006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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