1
|
Legg HF, Braunecker B. Spin liquid mediated RKKY interaction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17697. [PMID: 31776372 PMCID: PMC6881398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an RKKY-type interaction that is mediated by a spin liquid. If a spin liquid exists such an interaction could leave a fingerprint by ordering underlying localised moments such as nuclear spins. This interaction has a unique phenomenology that is distinct from the RKKY interaction found in fermionic systems; most notably the lack of a Fermi surface and absence of the requirement for itinerant electrons, since most spin liquids are insulators. We demonstrate that the interaction is predominately shaped by the lattice symmetries of the underlying spin liquid. As a working example we investigate the possible ordering of nuclear spins that interact through an underlying lattice of the two-dimensional spin-1/2 kagome antiferromagnet (KHAF), although the treatment remains general and can be extended to other spin liquids and dimensions. We find that several different nuclear spin orderings minimise the RKKY-type energy induced by the KHAF but are unstable due to a zero-energy flat magnon band in linear spin-wave theory. Despite this we show that a small magnetic field is able to gap out this magnon spectrum resulting in an intricate nuclear magnetism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry F Legg
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Bernd Braunecker
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scheller CP, Liu TM, Barak G, Yacoby A, Pfeiffer LN, West KW, Zumbühl DM. Possible evidence for helical nuclear spin order in GaAs quantum wires. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:066801. [PMID: 24580700 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.066801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present transport measurements of cleaved edge overgrowth GaAs quantum wires. The conductance of the first mode reaches 2e(2)/h at high temperatures T≳10 K, as expected. As T is lowered, the conductance is gradually reduced to 1e(2)/h, becoming T independent at T≲0.1 K, while the device cools far below 0.1 K. This behavior is seen in several wires, is independent of density, and not altered by moderate magnetic fields B. The conductance reduction by a factor of 2 suggests lifting of the electron spin degeneracy in the absence of B. Our results are consistent with theoretical predictions for helical nuclear magnetism in the Luttinger liquid regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C P Scheller
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - T-M Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Barak
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A Yacoby
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - D M Zumbühl
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vazifeh MM, Franz M. Self-organized topological state with Majorana fermions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:206802. [PMID: 24289700 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.206802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Most physical systems known to date tend to resist entering the topological phase and must be fine-tuned to reach that phase. Here, we introduce a system in which a key dynamical parameter adjusts itself in response to the changing external conditions so that the ground state naturally favors the topological phase. The system consists of a quantum wire formed of individual magnetic atoms placed on the surface of an ordinary s-wave superconductor. It realizes the Kitaev paradigm of topological superconductivity when the wave vector characterizing the emergent spin helix dynamically self-tunes to support the topological phase. We call this phenomenon a self-organized topological state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Vazifeh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lazić N, Milivojević M, Damnjanović M. Spin line groups. Acta Crystallogr A 2013; 69:611-9. [PMID: 24132222 DOI: 10.1107/s0108767313022642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin line groups describe the symmetries of spin arrangements in quasi-one-dimensional systems. These groups are derived for the first family of line groups. Among them, magnetic groups are singled out as a special case. Spin arrangements generated by the derived groups are first discussed for single-orbit systems and then the conclusions are extended to multi-orbit cases. The results are illustrated by the examples of a CuO2 zigzag chain, a (13)C nanotube and the hexaferrite Ba2Mg2Fe12O22. Applications to neutron diffraction and classical ground-state determination are indicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Lazić
- NanoLab, Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, PnOB 44, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Braunecker B, Simon P. Interplay between classical magnetic moments and superconductivity in quantum one-dimensional conductors: toward a self-sustained topological Majorana phase. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:147202. [PMID: 24138267 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.147202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study a one-dimensional interacting electronic liquid coupled to a 1D array of classical magnetic moments and to a superconductor. We show that at low energy and temperature the magnetic moments and the electrons become strongly entangled and that a magnetic spiral structure emerges. For strong enough coupling between the electrons and magnetic moments, the 1D electronic liquid is driven into a topological superconducting phase supporting Majorana fermions without any fine-tuning of external parameters. Our analysis applies at low enough temperature to a quantum wire in proximity to a superconductor when the hyperfine interaction between electrons and nuclear spins is taken into account, or to a chain of magnetic adatoms adsorbed on a superconducting surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Braunecker
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Centro de Investigación de Física de la Materia Condensada, and Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kupka T, Stachów M, Chełmecka E, Pasterny K, Stobińska M, Stobiński L, Kaminský J. Efficient Modeling of NMR Parameters in Carbon Nanosystems. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:4275-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ct4002812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teobald Kupka
- University of Opole, Faculty of Chemistry,
48, Oleska Street, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Michał Stachów
- University of Opole, Faculty of Chemistry,
48, Oleska Street, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Chełmecka
- Division of Statistics, Department
of Instrumental Analysis, Medical University of Silesia, 30 Ostrogórska Street, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Karol Pasterny
- A. Chełkowski Institute of
Physics, University of Silesia, 4 Uniwersytecka
Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stobińska
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gdańsk, 57 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-952 Gdańsk,
Poland
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 32/46, al. Lotników,
02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Stobiński
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Street, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Kaminský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nam. 2., 166
10 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schönhammer K. Physics in one dimension: theoretical concepts for quantum many-body systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:014001. [PMID: 23220952 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/1/014001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Various sophisticated approximation methods exist for the description of quantum many-body systems. It was realized early on that the theoretical description can simplify considerably in one-dimensional systems and various exact solutions exist. The focus in this introductory paper is on fermionic systems and the emergence of the Luttinger liquid concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Schönhammer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kiss A, Pályi A, Ihara Y, Wzietek P, Simon P, Alloul H, Zólyomi V, Koltai J, Kürti J, Dóra B, Simon F. Enhanced NMR relaxation of Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids and the magnitude of the carbon hyperfine coupling in single-wall carbon nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:187204. [PMID: 22107670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.187204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent transport measurements [Churchill et al. Nature Phys. 5, 321 (2009)] found a surprisingly large, 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than usual (13)C hyperfine coupling (HFC) in (13)C enriched single-wall carbon nanotubes. We formulate the theory of the nuclear relaxation time in the framework of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory to enable the determination of the HFC from recent data by Ihara et al. [Europhys. Lett. 90, 17,004 (2010)]. Though we find that 1/T(1) is orders of magnitude enhanced with respect to a Fermi-liquid behavior, the HFC has its usual, small value. Then, we reexamine the theoretical description used to extract the HFC from transport experiments and show that similar features could be obtained with HFC-independent system parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kiss
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Institute of Physics and Condensed Matter Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gangadharaiah S, Braunecker B, Simon P, Loss D. Majorana edge states in interacting one-dimensional systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:036801. [PMID: 21838386 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.036801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We show that one-dimensional electron systems in the proximity of a superconductor that support Majorana edge states are extremely susceptible to electron-electron interactions. Strong interactions generically destroy the induced superconducting gap that stabilizes the Majorana edge states. For weak interactions, the renormalization of the gap is nonuniversal and allows for a regime in which the Majorana edge states persist. We present strategies of how this regime can be reached.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Gangadharaiah
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Fischer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Loss
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dicke M, van Loon JJA, Soler R. Chemical complexity of volatiles from plants induced by multiple attack. Nat Chem Biol 2009. [PMID: 19377458 DOI: 10.1038/nphys1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The attack of a plant by herbivorous arthropods can result in considerable changes in the plant's chemical phenotype. The emission of so-called herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) results in the attraction of carnivorous enemies of the herbivores that induced these changes. HIPV induction has predominantly been investigated for interactions between one plant and one attacker. However, in nature plants are exposed to a variety of attackers, either simultaneously or sequentially, in shoots and roots, causing much more complex interactions than have usually been investigated in the context of HIPV. To develop an integrated view of how plants respond to their environment, we need to know more about the ways in which multiple attackers can enhance, attenuate, or otherwise alter HIPV responses. A multidisciplinary approach will allow us to investigate the underlying mechanisms of HIPV emission in terms of phytohormones, transcriptional responses and biosynthesis of metabolites in an effort to understand these complex plant-arthropod interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|