1
|
Ono T, Tsujimoto Y, Wakui K, Fujiwara M. Quantum interference of pulsed time-bin entanglement generated from silicon ring resonator. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1051. [PMID: 38200214 PMCID: PMC10781760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a pulsed operation of an entangled photon pair source that is based on a silicon ring resonator. Time-bin entangled photon pairs at telecommunication wavelengths are generated via spontaneous four-wave mixing, which is excited by a pulsed pump laser. The entanglement between the generated photon pair is analyzed by using asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers followed by single-photon detectors, resulting in non-classical interference with a visibility exceeding a classical limit. The reason for the degradation of the interference visibility is discussed using the theoretical model with experimental parameters. Our experimental results show successful pulsed generation of entanglement, which represents an important step towards a synchronized quantum network based on silicon photonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ono
- Program in Advanced Materials Science Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University, 2217-20 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0396, Japan.
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Tsujimoto
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8795, Japan
| | - Kentaro Wakui
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8795, Japan
| | - Mikio Fujiwara
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8795, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salimian S, Tavassoly MK, Ghasemi M. Multistage entanglement swapping using superconducting qubits in the absence and presence of dissipative environment without Bell state measurement. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16342. [PMID: 37770646 PMCID: PMC10539405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades the entangled state generation is of great importance in the quantum information processing and technologies. In this paper, producing the distributed entangled state of superconducting (SC) qubits is considered using an entanglement swapping protocol in three successive stages. The SC qubit pairs [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], where each pair of the qubits has been placed on a separate chip, are initially prepared in maximally entangled states. The external magnetic fields on capacitively coupled pairs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are implemented for modulating the frequency of qubits. Then, the SC qubits [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are converted into entangled states via operating proper measurements instead of Bell state measurement (which is generally a hard task). Finally, the distributed entangled state of target SC qubits [Formula: see text] can be obtained by applying external magnetic fields on qubits [Formula: see text] and via operating suitable measurements. This process is studied in the absence and presence of thermal decoherence effects. The concurrence, as a measure of entanglement between two target qubits, success probability of the distributed entangled states and the corresponding fidelities are evaluated, by which we find that the state of target SC qubits [Formula: see text] is converted to Bell state with maximum entanglement at some moments of time. Under appropriate conditions the maximum of success probability of the obtained states in each stage approaches 1. However, the maxima of concurrence and success probability gradually decrease due to the thermal noise as time goes on. Moreover, compelling amounts of fidelity, success probability and entanglement can be obtained for the achieved entangled states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Salimian
- Laser and Optics Group, Faculty of Physics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - M K Tavassoly
- Laser and Optics Group, Faculty of Physics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
| | - M Ghasemi
- Laser and Optics Group, Faculty of Physics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deterministic Entanglement Swapping with Hybrid Discrete- and Continuous-Variable Systems. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of entanglement between discrete and continuous variables is an important theoretical and experimental topic in quantum information processing, for which entanglement swapping is one of the interesting elements. Entanglement swapping allows two particles without interacting with each other in any way, to form an entangled state by the action of another pair of entangled particles. In this paper, we propose an experimentally feasible scheme to realize deterministic entanglement swapping in the hybrid system with discrete and continuous variables. The process is achieved by preparing two pairs of entangled states, each is formed by a qubit and two quasi-orthogonal coherent state elements of a cavity, performing a Bell-state analysis through nonlocal operations on the continuous variable states of the two cavities, and projecting the two qubits into a maximally entangled state. The present scheme may be applied to other physical systems sustaining such hybrid discrete and continuous forms, providing a typical paradigm for entanglement manipulation through deterministic swapping operations.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tavakoli A, Pozas-Kerstjens A, Luo MX, Renou MO. Bell nonlocality in networks. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:056001. [PMID: 34883470 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac41bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bell's theorem proves that quantum theory is inconsistent with local physical models. It has propelled research in the foundations of quantum theory and quantum information science. As a fundamental feature of quantum theory, it impacts predictions far beyond the traditional scenario of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox. In the last decade, the investigation of nonlocality has moved beyond Bell's theorem to consider more sophisticated experiments that involve several independent sources which distribute shares of physical systems among many parties in a network. Network scenarios, and the nonlocal correlations that they give rise to, lead to phenomena that have no counterpart in traditional Bell experiments, thus presenting a formidable conceptual and practical challenge. This review discusses the main concepts, methods, results and future challenges in the emerging topic of Bell nonlocality in networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Tavakoli
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information-IQOQI Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alejandro Pozas-Kerstjens
- Departamento de Análisis Matemático, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas (CSIC-UAM-UC3M-UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ming-Xing Luo
- Information Coding & Transmission Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Information Science & Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Marc-Olivier Renou
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ning W, Huang XJ, Han PR, Li H, Deng H, Yang ZB, Zhong ZR, Xia Y, Xu K, Zheng D, Zheng SB. Deterministic Entanglement Swapping in a Superconducting Circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:060502. [PMID: 31491139 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement swapping, the process to entangle two particles without coupling them in any way, is one of the most striking manifestations of the quantum-mechanical nonlocal characteristic. Besides fundamental interest, this process has applications in complex entanglement manipulation and quantum communication. Here we report a high-fidelity, unconditional entanglement swapping experiment in a superconducting circuit. The measured concurrence characterizing the qubit-qubit entanglement produced by swapping is above 0.75, confirming most of the entanglement of one qubit with its partner is deterministically transferred to another qubit that has never interacted with it. We further realize delayed-choice entanglement swapping, showing whether two qubits previously behaved as in an entangled state or as in a separable state is determined by a later choice of the type of measurement on their partners. This is the first demonstration of entanglement-separability duality in a deterministic way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ning
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xin-Jie Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Pei-Rong Han
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Hekang Li
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Biao Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Zhong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shi-Biao Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian C, Han D, Wang Y, Su X. Connecting two Gaussian cluster states by quantum entanglement swapping. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:29159-29169. [PMID: 30470082 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cluster state is an important resource for one-way quantum computation and quantum network. In this paper, we present a scheme for connecting two Gaussian cluster states by entanglement swapping, which can be used to connect two local quantum networks composed by cluster states. The connection schemes between different types of four-mode cluster states are analyzed and we show that the structure of the output states after entanglement swapping may be not the same as that of the input states. The entanglement of the obtained new cluster states are presented when suitable feedforward schemes are applied in the entanglement swapping process. By using optimal gains in the classical channel and inseparability criteria, the requirement of squeezing parameters for obtaining entanglement of output states are reduced. The presented scheme provides a concrete reference for constructing quantum networks with cluster states.
Collapse
|
7
|
Su X, Tian C, Deng X, Li Q, Xie C, Peng K. Quantum Entanglement Swapping between Two Multipartite Entangled States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:240503. [PMID: 28009187 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.240503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum entanglement swapping is one of the most promising ways to realize the quantum connection among local quantum nodes. In this Letter, we present an experimental demonstration of the entanglement swapping between two independent multipartite entangled states, each of which involves a tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state of an optical field. The entanglement swapping is implemented deterministically by means of a joint measurement on two optical modes coming from the two multipartite entangled states respectively and the classical feedforward of the measurement results. After entanglement swapping the two independent multipartite entangled states are merged into a large entangled state in which all unmeasured quantum modes are entangled. The entanglement swapping between a tripartite GHZ state and an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state is also demonstrated and the dependence of the resultant entanglement on transmission loss is investigated. The presented experiment provides a feasible technical reference for constructing more complicated quantum networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Changde Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunchi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heralded quantum repeater based on the scattering of photons off single emitters using parametric down-conversion source. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28744. [PMID: 27350159 PMCID: PMC4923889 DOI: 10.1038/srep28744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum repeater is the key element in quantum communication and quantum information processing. Here, we investigate the possibility of achieving a heralded quantum repeater based on the scattering of photons off single emitters in one-dimensional waveguides. We design the compact quantum circuits for nonlocal entanglement generation, entanglement swapping, and entanglement purification, and discuss the feasibility of our protocols with current experimental technology. In our scheme, we use a parametric down-conversion source instead of ideal single-photon sources to realize the heralded quantum repeater. Moreover, our protocols can turn faulty events into the detection of photon polarization, and the fidelity can reach 100% in principle. Our scheme is attractive and scalable, since it can be realized with artificial solid-state quantum systems. With developed experimental technique on controlling emitter-waveguide systems, the repeater may be very useful in long-distance quantum communication.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fu Y, Yin HL, Chen TY, Chen ZB. Long-distance measurement-device-independent multiparty quantum communication. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:090501. [PMID: 25793788 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entanglement, originally introduced to uncover the extreme violation of local realism against quantum mechanics, is an important resource for multiparty quantum communication tasks. But the low intensity and fragility of the GHZ entanglement source in current conditions have made the practical applications of these multiparty tasks an experimental challenge. Here we propose a feasible scheme for practically distributing the postselected GHZ entanglement over a distance of more than 100 km for experimentally accessible parameter regimes. Combining the decoy-state and measurement-device-independent protocols for quantum key distribution, we anticipate that our proposal suggests an important avenue for practical multiparty quantum communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China and The CAS Center for Excellence in QIQP and the Synergetic Innovation Center for QIQP, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Lei Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China and The CAS Center for Excellence in QIQP and the Synergetic Innovation Center for QIQP, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng-Yun Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China and The CAS Center for Excellence in QIQP and the Synergetic Innovation Center for QIQP, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng-Bing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China and The CAS Center for Excellence in QIQP and the Synergetic Innovation Center for QIQP, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|