1
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Rieser J, Ciampini MA, Rudolph H, Kiesel N, Hornberger K, Stickler BA, Aspelmeyer M, Delić U. Tunable light-induced dipole-dipole interaction between optically levitated nanoparticles. Science 2022; 377:987-990. [PMID: 36007019 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp9941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Arrays of optically trapped nanoparticles have emerged as a platform for the study of complex nonequilibrium phenomena. Analogous to atomic many-body systems, one of the crucial ingredients is the ability to precisely control the interactions between particles. However, the optical interactions studied thus far only provide conservative optical binding forces of limited tunability. In this work, we exploit the phase coherence between the optical fields that drive the light-induced dipole-dipole interaction to couple two nanoparticles. In addition, we effectively switch off the optical interaction and observe electrostatic coupling between charged particles. Our results provide a route to developing fully programmable many-body systems of interacting nanoparticles with tunable nonreciprocal interactions, which are instrumental for exploring entanglement and topological phases in arrays of levitated nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Rieser
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario A Ciampini
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Henning Rudolph
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Kiesel
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Hornberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Aspelmeyer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), A-1090 Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Vienna Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uroš Delić
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Enhanced ion-cavity coupling through cavity cooling in the strong coupling regime. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15693. [PMID: 32973298 PMCID: PMC7519056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporating optical cavities in ion traps is becoming increasingly important in the development of photonic quantum networks. However, the presence of the cavity can hamper efficient laser cooling of ions because of geometric constraints that the cavity imposes and an unfavourable Purcell effect that can modify the cooling dynamics substantially. On the other hand the coupling of the ion to the cavity can also be exploited to provide a mechanism to efficiently cool the ion. In this paper we demonstrate experimentally how cavity cooling can be implemented to improve the localisation of the ion and thus its coupling to the cavity. By using cavity cooling we obtain an enhanced ion-cavity coupling of [Formula: see text] MHz, compared with [Formula: see text] MHz when using only Doppler cooling.
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3
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Takahashi H, Kassa E, Christoforou C, Keller M. Strong Coupling of a Single Ion to an Optical Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:013602. [PMID: 31976684 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.013602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between an atom and an electromagnetic resonator is an important condition in cavity quantum electrodynamics. While strong coupling in various physical systems has been achieved so far, it remained elusive for single atomic ions. Here, we achieve a coupling strength of 2π×(12.3±0.1) MHz between a single ^{40}Ca^{+} ion and an optical cavity, exceeding both atomic and cavity decay rates which are 2π×11.5 and 2π×(4.1±0.1) MHz, respectively. We use cavity assisted Raman spectroscopy to precisely characterize the ion-cavity coupling strength and observe a spectrum featuring the normal mode splitting in the cavity transmission due to the ion-cavity interaction. Our work paves the way towards new applications of cavity quantum electrodynamics utilizing single trapped ions in the strong coupling regime for quantum optics and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Ezra Kassa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Costas Christoforou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Keller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
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4
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Meyer N, Sommer ADLR, Mestres P, Gieseler J, Jain V, Novotny L, Quidant R. Resolved-Sideband Cooling of a Levitated Nanoparticle in the Presence of Laser Phase Noise. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:153601. [PMID: 31702279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.153601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the influence of laser phase noise heating on resolved sideband cooling in the context of cooling the center-of-mass motion of a levitated nanoparticle in a high-finesse cavity. Although phase noise heating is not a fundamental physical constraint, the regime where it becomes the main limitation in Levitodynamics has so far been unexplored and hence embodies from this point forward the main obstacle in reaching the motional ground state of levitated mesoscopic objects with resolved sideband cooling. We reach minimal center-of-mass temperatures comparable to T_{min}=10 mK at a pressure of p=3×10^{-7} mbar, solely limited by phase noise. Finally we present possible strategies towards motional ground state cooling in the presence of phase noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Meyer
- ICFO Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés de Los Rios Sommer
- ICFO Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Mestres
- ICFO Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Gieseler
- ICFO Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vijay Jain
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Romain Quidant
- ICFO Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Schmitz J, Meyer HM, Köhl M. Ultraviolet Fabry-Perot cavity with stable finesse under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:063102. [PMID: 31255001 DOI: 10.1063/1.5093551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed an apparatus containing a linear ion trap and a high-finesse optical cavity in the ultraviolet spectral range. In our construction, we have avoided all organic materials inside the ultrahigh vacuum chamber. We show that, unlike previously reported, the optical cavity does not degrade in performance over a time scale of 9 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schmitz
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik M Meyer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Köhl
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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6
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Delić U, Reisenbauer M, Grass D, Kiesel N, Vuletić V, Aspelmeyer M. Cavity Cooling of a Levitated Nanosphere by Coherent Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:123602. [PMID: 30978033 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report three-dimensional (3D) cooling of a levitated nanoparticle inside an optical cavity. The cooling mechanism is provided by cavity-enhanced coherent scattering off an optical tweezer. The observed 3D dynamics and cooling rates are as theoretically expected from the presence of both linear and quadratic terms in the interaction between the particle motion and the cavity field. By achieving nanometer-level control over the particle location we optimize the position-dependent coupling and demonstrate axial cooling by two orders of magnitude at background pressures of 6×10^{-2} mbar. We also estimate a significant (>40 dB) suppression of laser phase noise heating, which is a specific feature of the coherent scattering scheme. The observed performance implies that quantum ground state cavity cooling of levitated nanoparticles can be achieved for background pressures below 1×10^{-7} mbar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Delić
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Reisenbauer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Grass
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolai Kiesel
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Markus Aspelmeyer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Windey D, Gonzalez-Ballestero C, Maurer P, Novotny L, Romero-Isart O, Reimann R. Cavity-Based 3D Cooling of a Levitated Nanoparticle via Coherent Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:123601. [PMID: 30978044 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally realize cavity cooling of all three translational degrees of motion of a levitated nanoparticle in vacuum. The particle is trapped by a cavity-independent optical tweezer and coherently scatters tweezer light into the blue detuned cavity mode. For vacuum pressures around 10^{-5} mbar, minimal temperatures along the cavity axis in the millikelvin regime are observed. Simultaneously, the center-of-mass (c.m.) motion along the other two spatial directions is cooled to minimal temperatures of a few hundred millikelvin. Measuring temperatures and damping rates as the pressure is varied, we find that the cooling efficiencies depend on the particle position within the intracavity standing wave. This data and the behavior of the c.m. temperatures as functions of cavity detuning and tweezer power are consistent with a theoretical analysis of the experiment. Experimental limits and opportunities of our approach are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Windey
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Gonzalez-Ballestero
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick Maurer
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oriol Romero-Isart
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - René Reimann
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Hosseini M, Duan Y, Beck KM, Chen YT, Vuletić V. Cavity Cooling of Many Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:183601. [PMID: 28524680 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.183601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate cavity cooling of all motional degrees of freedom of an atomic ensemble using light that is far detuned from the atomic transitions by several gigahertz. The cooling is achieved by cavity-induced frequency-dependent asymmetric enhancement of the atomic emission spectrum, thereby extracting thermal kinetic energy from the atomic system. Within 100 ms, the atomic temperature is reduced from 200 to 10 μK, where the final temperature is mainly limited by the linewidth of the cavity. In principle, the technique can be applied to molecules and atoms with complex internal energy structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hosseini
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yiheng Duan
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kristin M Beck
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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10
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Xu M, Jäger SB, Schütz S, Cooper J, Morigi G, Holland MJ. Supercooling of Atoms in an Optical Resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:153002. [PMID: 27127966 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate laser cooling of an ensemble of atoms in an optical cavity. We demonstrate that when atomic dipoles are synchronized in the regime of steady-state superradiance, the motion of the atoms may be subject to a giant frictional force leading to potentially very low temperatures. The ultimate temperature limits are determined by a modified atomic linewidth, which can be orders of magnitude smaller than the cavity linewidth. The cooling rate is enhanced by the superradiant emission into the cavity mode allowing reasonable cooling rates even for dipolar transitions with ultranarrow linewidth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xu
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Simon B Jäger
- Theoretische Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - S Schütz
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J Cooper
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Giovanna Morigi
- Theoretische Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M J Holland
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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11
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12
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Millen J, Fonseca PZG, Mavrogordatos T, Monteiro TS, Barker PF. Cavity cooling a single charged levitated nanosphere. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:123602. [PMID: 25860743 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optomechanical cavity cooling of levitated objects offers the possibility for laboratory investigation of the macroscopic quantum behavior of systems that are largely decoupled from their environment. However, experimental progress has been hindered by particle loss mechanisms, which have prevented levitation and cavity cooling in a vacuum. We overcome this problem with a new type of hybrid electro-optical trap formed from a Paul trap within a single-mode optical cavity. We demonstrate a factor of 100 cavity cooling of 400 nm diameter silica spheres trapped in vacuum. This paves the way for ground-state cooling in a smaller, higher finesse cavity, as we show that a novel feature of the hybrid trap is that the optomechanical cooling becomes actively driven by the Paul trap, even for singly charged nanospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Millen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - P Z G Fonseca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T Mavrogordatos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T S Monteiro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - P F Barker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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13
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Cavity cooling of free silicon nanoparticles in high vacuum. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2743. [PMID: 24193438 PMCID: PMC3831283 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser cooling has given a boost to atomic physics throughout the last 30 years, as it allows one to prepare atoms in motional states, which can only be described by quantum mechanics. Most methods rely, however, on a near-resonant and cyclic coupling between laser light and well-defined internal states, which has remained a challenge for mesoscopic particles. An external cavity may compensate for the lack of internal cycling transitions in dielectric objects and it may provide assistance in the cooling of their centre-of-mass state. Here we demonstrate cavity cooling of the transverse kinetic energy of silicon nanoparticles freely propagating in high vacuum (<10−8 mbar). We create and launch them with longitudinal velocities down to v≤1 m s−1 using laser-induced ablation of a pristine silicon wafer. Their interaction with the light of a high-finesse infrared cavity reduces their transverse kinetic energy by up to a factor of 30. Laser cooling has been a successful technique to cool atoms and diatomic molecules to very low temperatures. Here, using an external cavity for an improved light coupling, Asenbaum et al. achieve the cooling of much larger objects, silicon nanoparticles, and reduce their transverse kinetic energy by up to a factor of 30.
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14
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Brandstätter B, McClung A, Schüppert K, Casabone B, Friebe K, Stute A, Schmidt PO, Deutsch C, Reichel J, Blatt R, Northup TE. Integrated fiber-mirror ion trap for strong ion-cavity coupling. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:123104. [PMID: 24387417 DOI: 10.1063/1.4838696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present and characterize fiber mirrors and a miniaturized ion-trap design developed to integrate a fiber-based Fabry-Perot cavity (FFPC) with a linear Paul trap for use in cavity-QED experiments with trapped ions. Our fiber-mirror fabrication process not only enables the construction of FFPCs with small mode volumes, but also allows us to minimize the influence of the dielectric fiber mirrors on the trapped-ion pseudopotential. We discuss the effect of clipping losses for long FFPCs and the effect of angular and lateral displacements on the coupling efficiencies between cavity and fiber. Optical profilometry allows us to determine the radii of curvature and ellipticities of the fiber mirrors. From finesse measurements, we infer a single-atom cooperativity of up to 12 for FFPCs longer than 200 μm in length; comparison to cavities constructed with reference substrate mirrors produced in the same coating run indicates that our FFPCs have similar scattering losses. We characterize the birefringence of our fiber mirrors, finding that careful fiber-mirror selection enables us to construct FFPCs with degenerate polarization modes. As FFPCs are novel devices, we describe procedures developed for handling, aligning, and cleaning them. We discuss experiments to anneal fiber mirrors and explore the influence of the atmosphere under which annealing occurs on coating losses, finding that annealing under vacuum increases the losses for our reference substrate mirrors. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that these losses may be attributable to oxygen depletion in the mirror coating. Special design considerations enable us to introduce a FFPC into a trapped ion setup. Our unique linear Paul trap design provides clearance for such a cavity and is miniaturized to shield trapped ions from the dielectric fiber mirrors. We numerically calculate the trap potential in the absence of fibers. In the experiment additional electrodes can be used to compensate distortions of the potential due to the fibers. Home-built fiber feedthroughs connect the FFPC to external optics, and an integrated nanopositioning system affords the possibility of retracting or realigning the cavity without breaking vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Brandstätter
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A McClung
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Schüppert
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Casabone
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Friebe
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Stute
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P O Schmidt
- QUEST Institute for Experimental Quantum Metrology, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Deutsch
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS/UPMC-Paris 6/CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J Reichel
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS/UPMC-Paris 6/CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - R Blatt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T E Northup
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Abstract
The coupling of a levitated submicron particle and an optical cavity field promises access to a unique parameter regime both for macroscopic quantum experiments and for high-precision force sensing. We report a demonstration of such controlled interactions by cavity cooling the center-of-mass motion of an optically trapped submicron particle. This paves the way for a light-matter interface that can enable room-temperature quantum experiments with mesoscopic mechanical systems.
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16
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Chuah BL, Lewty NC, Cazan R, Barrett MD. Detection of ion micromotion in a linear Paul trap with a high finesse cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:10632-10641. [PMID: 23669919 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.010632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate minimization of ion micromotion in a linear Paul trap with the use of a high finesse cavity. The excess ion micromotion projected along the optical cavity axis or along the laser propagation direction manifests itself as sideband peaks around the carrier in the ion-cavity emission spectrum. By minimizing the sideband height in the emission spectrum, we are able to reduce the micromotion amplitude along two directions to approximately the spread of the ground state wave function. This method is useful for cavity QED experiments as it describes the possibility of efficient 3-D micromotion compensation despite optical access limitations imposed by the cavity mirrors. We also show that, in principle, sub-nanometer micromotion compensation is achievable with our current system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Leng Chuah
- Centre for Quantum Technologies and Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
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17
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Yi Z, Gu WJ, Li GX. Ground-state cooling for a trapped atom using cavity-induced double electromagnetically induced transparency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:3445-3462. [PMID: 23481803 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.003445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We propose a cooling scheme for a trapped atom using the phenomenon of cavity-induced double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), where the atom comprising of four levels in tripod configuration is confined inside a high-finesse optical cavity. By exploiting one cavity-induced EIT, which involves one cavity photon and two laser photons, carrier transition can be eliminated due to the quantum destructive interference of excitation paths. Heating process originated from blue-sideband transition mediated by cavity field can also be prohibited due to the destructive quantum interference with the additional transition between the additional ground state and the excited state. As a consequence, the trapped atom can be cooled to the motional ground state in the leading order of the Lamb-Dicke parameters. In addition, the cooling rate is of the same order of magnitude as that obtained in the cavity-induced single EIT scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yi
- Department of Physics, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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18
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Steiner M, Meyer HM, Deutsch C, Reichel J, Köhl M. Single ion coupled to an optical fiber cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:043003. [PMID: 25166162 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.043003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the realization of a combined trapped-ion and optical cavity system, in which a single Yb(+) ion is confined by a micron-scale ion trap inside a 230 μm-long optical fiber cavity. We characterize the spatial ion-cavity coupling and measure the ion-cavity coupling strength using a cavity-stimulated Λ transition. Owing to the small mode volume of the fiber resonator, the coherent coupling strength between the ion and a single photon exceeds the natural decay rate of the dipole moment. This system can be integrated into ion-photon quantum networks and is a step towards cavity quantum electrodynamics based quantum information processing with trapped ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Steiner
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik M Meyer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Deutsch
- Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, ENS/UPMC-Paris 6/CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France and Menlo Systems GmbH, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jakob Reichel
- Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, ENS/UPMC-Paris 6/CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael Köhl
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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19
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Murch KW, Vool U, Zhou D, Weber SJ, Girvin SM, Siddiqi I. Cavity-assisted quantum bath engineering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:183602. [PMID: 23215278 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.183602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate quantum bath engineering for a superconducting artificial atom coupled to a microwave cavity. By tailoring the spectrum of microwave photon shot noise in the cavity, we create a dissipative environment that autonomously relaxes the atom to an arbitrarily specified coherent superposition of the ground and excited states. In the presence of background thermal excitations, this mechanism increases state purity and effectively cools the dressed atom state to a low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Murch
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Abstract
Conventional laser cooling relies on repeated electronic excitations by near-resonant light, which constrains its area of application to a selected number of atomic species prepared at moderate particle densities. Optical cavities with sufficiently large Purcell factors allow for laser cooling schemes, avoiding these limitations. Here, we report on an atom-cavity system, combining a Purcell factor above 40 with a cavity bandwidth below the recoil frequency associated with the kinetic energy transfer in a single photon scattering event. This lets us access a yet-unexplored regime of atom-cavity interactions, in which the atomic motion can be manipulated by targeted dissipation with sub-recoil resolution. We demonstrate cavity-induced heating of a Bose-Einstein condensate and subsequent cooling at particle densities and temperatures incompatible with conventional laser cooling.
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Schowalter SJ, Chen K, Rellergert WG, Sullivan ST, Hudson ER. An integrated ion trap and time-of-flight mass spectrometer for chemical and photo- reaction dynamics studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:043103. [PMID: 22559511 DOI: 10.1063/1.3700216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the integration of a linear quadrupole trap with a simple time-of-flight mass spectrometer with medium-mass resolution (m/Δm ∼ 50) geared towards the demands of atomic, molecular, and chemical physics experiments. By utilizing a novel radial ion extraction scheme from the linear quadrupole trap into the mass analyzer, a device with large trap capacity and high optical access is realized without sacrificing mass resolution. This provides the ability to address trapped ions with laser light and facilitates interactions with neutral background gases prior to analyzing the trapped ions. Here, we describe the construction and implementation of the device as well as present representative ToF spectra. We conclude by demonstrating the flexibility of the device with proof-of-principle experiments that include the observation of molecular-ion photodissociation and the measurement of trapped-ion chemical reaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Schowalter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Schneider C, Porras D, Schaetz T. Experimental quantum simulations of many-body physics with trapped ions. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:024401. [PMID: 22790343 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/2/024401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Direct experimental access to some of the most intriguing quantum phenomena is not granted due to the lack of precise control of the relevant parameters in their naturally intricate environment. Their simulation on conventional computers is impossible, since quantum behaviour arising with superposition states or entanglement is not efficiently translatable into the classical language. However, one could gain deeper insight into complex quantum dynamics by experimentally simulating the quantum behaviour of interest in another quantum system, where the relevant parameters and interactions can be controlled and robust effects detected sufficiently well. Systems of trapped ions provide unique control of both the internal (electronic) and external (motional) degrees of freedom. The mutual Coulomb interaction between the ions allows for large interaction strengths at comparatively large mutual ion distances enabling individual control and readout. Systems of trapped ions therefore exhibit a prominent system in several physical disciplines, for example, quantum information processing or metrology. Here, we will give an overview of different trapping techniques of ions as well as implementations for coherent manipulation of their quantum states and discuss the related theoretical basics. We then report on the experimental and theoretical progress in simulating quantum many-body physics with trapped ions and present current approaches for scaling up to more ions and more-dimensional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Schneider
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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23
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Schleier-Smith MH, Leroux ID, Zhang H, Van Camp MA, Vuletić V. Optomechanical cavity cooling of an atomic ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:143005. [PMID: 22107191 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.143005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate cavity sideband cooling of a single collective motional mode of an atomic ensemble down to a mean phonon occupation number ⟨n⟩(min)=2.0(-0.3)(+0.9). Both ⟨n⟩(min) and the observed cooling rate are in good agreement with an optomechanical model. The cooling rate constant is proportional to the total photon scattering rate by the ensemble, demonstrating the cooperative character of the light-emission-induced cooling process. We deduce fundamental limits to cavity cooling either the collective mode or, sympathetically, the single-atom degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika H Schleier-Smith
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Herskind PF, Wang SX, Shi M, Ge Y, Cetina M, Chuang IL. Microfabricated surface ion trap on a high-finesse optical mirror. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:3045-3047. [PMID: 21847154 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.003045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to optics integration in ion traps is demonstrated based on a surface electrode ion trap that is microfabricated on top of a dielectric mirror. Additional optical losses due to fabrication are found to be as low as 80 ppm for light at 422 nm. The integrated mirror is used to demonstrate light collection from, and imaging of, a single Sr88(+) ion trapped 169±4 μm above the mirror.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Herskind
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Streed EW, Norton BG, Jechow A, Weinhold TJ, Kielpinski D. Imaging of trapped ions with a microfabricated optic for quantum information processing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:010502. [PMID: 21231727 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.010502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Trapped ions are a leading system for realizing quantum information processing (QIP). Most of the technologies required for implementing large-scale trapped-ion QIP have been demonstrated, with one key exception: a massively parallel ion-photon interconnect. Arrays of microfabricated phase Fresnel lenses (PFL) are a promising interconnect solution that is readily integrated with ion trap arrays for large-scale QIP. Here we show the first imaging of trapped ions with a microfabricated in-vacuum PFL, demonstrating performance suitable for scalable QIP. A single ion fluorescence collection efficiency of 4.2±1.5% was observed. The depth of focus for the imaging system was 19.4±2.4 μm and the field of view was 140±20 μm. Our approach also provides an integrated solution for high-efficiency optical coupling in neutral atom and solid-state QIP architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W Streed
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, QLD, Australia.
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27
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Barker PF. Doppler cooling a microsphere. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:073002. [PMID: 20868038 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.073002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Doppler cooling the center-of-mass motion of an optically levitated microsphere via the velocity-dependent scattering force from narrow whispering gallery mode resonances is described. Light that is red detuned from the whispering gallery mode resonance can be used to damp the center-of-mass motion in a process analogous to the Doppler cooling of atoms. The scattering force is not limited by saturation but can be controlled by the incident power. Cooling times on the order of seconds are calculated for a 20 μm diameter silica microsphere trapped within optical tweezers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Barker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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