1
|
Yuan QL, Xu X, Douglas JF, Xu WS. Influence of Density and Pressure on Glass Formation in the Kob-Andersen Model. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39352857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c04721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
We systematically study glass formation in the well-known Kob-Andersen model over a wide range of densities and pressures as a basis for judging the "universality" of glass formation through a comparison to a recent systematic study of model polymeric glass-forming liquids. Our purpose is to establish general characteristics of glass formation, to identify new relations, and to discern which properties of glass-forming liquids are material-specific and which are "universal." To this end, we analyze a number of characteristic properties of glass formation, such as the structural relaxation time, self-diffusion coefficient, viscosity, characteristic temperatures, and fragility. We also consider a suite of properties presumably related to dynamic heterogeneity in an attempt to better understand its relation to structural relaxation. We demonstrate that the glassy dynamics in the Kob-Andersen model exhibit many of the essential trends observed in polymeric glass-forming liquids, pointing to a remarkable "universality" of many aspects of glass formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Lu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wen-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mutneja A, Schweizer KS. Microscopic theory of the elastic shear modulus and length-scale-dependent dynamic re-entrancy phenomena in very dense sticky particle fluids. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:7284-7299. [PMID: 39240214 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00693c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
We apply the hybrid projectionless dynamic theory (hybrid PDT) formulation of the elastically collective nonlinear Langevin equation (ECNLE) activated dynamics approach to study dense fluids of sticky spheres interacting with short range attractions. Of special interest is the problem of non-monotonic evolution with short range attraction strength of the elastic modulus ("re-entrancy") at very high packing fractions far beyond the ideal mode coupling theory (MCT) nonergodicity boundary. The dynamic force constraints explicitly treat the bare attractive forces that drive transient physical bond formation, while a projection approximation is employed for the singular hard-sphere potential. The resultant interference between repulsive and attractive forces contribution to the dynamic vertex results in the prediction of localization length and elastic modulus re-entrancy, qualitatively consistent with experiments. The non-monotonic evolution of the structural (alpha) relaxation time predicted by the ECNLE theory with the hybrid PDT approach is explored in depth as a function of packing fraction, attraction strength, and attraction range. Isochronal dynamic arrest boundaries based on activated relaxation display the classic non-monotonic glass melting form. Comparisons of these results with the corresponding predictions of ideal MCT, and also the ECNLE and NLE activated theories based on projection, reveal large qualitative differences. The consequences of stochastic trajectory fluctuations on intra-cage single particle dynamics with variable strength of attractions are also studied. Large dynamical heterogeneity effects in attractive glasses are properly captured. These include a rapidly increasing amplitude of the non-Gaussian parameter with packing fraction and a non-monotonic evolution with attraction strength, in qualitative accord with recent simulations. Extension of the microscopic theoretical approach to treat double yielding in attractive glass nonlinear rheology is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Mutneja
- Department of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Kenneth S Schweizer
- Department of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grzybowski A, Koperwas K, Paluch M. Role of anisotropy in understanding the molecular grounds for density scaling in dynamics of glass-forming liquids. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:084501. [PMID: 38861964 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad569d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of glass-forming liquids play a pivotal role in uncovering the molecular nature of the liquid vitrification process. In particular, much focus was given to elucidating the interplay between the character of intermolecular potential and molecular dynamics behaviour. This has been tried to achieve by simulating the spherical particles interacting via isotropic potential. However, when simulation and experimental data are analysed in the same way by using the density scaling approaches, serious inconsistency is revealed between them. Similar scaling exponent values are determined by analysing the relaxation times and pVT data obtained from computer simulations. In contrast, these values differ significantly when the same analysis is carried out in the case of experimental data. As discussed thoroughly herein, the coherence between results of simulation and experiment can be achieved if anisotropy of intermolecular interactions is introduced to MD simulations. In practice, it has been realized in two different ways: (1) by using the anisotropic potential of the Gay-Berne type or (2) by replacing the spherical particles with quasi-real polyatomic anisotropic molecules interacting through isotropic Lenard-Jones potential. In particular, the last strategy has the potential to be used to explore the relationship between molecular architecture and molecular dynamics behaviour. Finally, we hope that the results presented in this review will also encourage others to explore how 'anisotropy' affects remaining aspects related to liquid-glass transition, like heterogeneity, glass transition temperature, glass forming ability, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - K Koperwas
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma M, Nandi MK, Maitra Bhattacharyya S. A comparative study of the correlation between the structure and the dynamics for systems interacting via attractive and repulsive potentials. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:104502. [PMID: 37694749 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the study of the structure-dynamics correlation for systems interacting via attractive Lennard-Jones (LJ) and its repulsive counterpart, the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) potentials. The structural order parameter (SOP) is related to the microscopic mean-field caging potential. At a particle level, the SOP shows a distribution. Although the two systems have similar pair structures, their average SOP differs. However, this difference alone is insufficient to explain the well known slowing down of the dynamics in the LJ system at low temperatures. The slowing down can be explained in terms of a stronger coupling between the SOP and the dynamics. To understand the origin of this system specific coupling, we study the difference in the microscopic structure between the hard and soft particles. We find that for the LJ system, the structural differences of the hard and soft particles are more significant and have a much stronger temperature dependence compared to the WCA system. Thus, the study suggests that attractive interaction creates more structurally different communities. This broader difference in the structural communities is probably responsible for stronger coupling between the structure and dynamics. Thus, the system specific structure-dynamics correlation, which also leads to a faster slowing down in the dynamics, appears to have a structural origin. A comparison of the predictive power of our SOP with the local energy and two body excess entropy in determining the dynamics shows that in the LJ system, the enthalpy plays a dominant role and in the WCA system, the entropy plays a dominant role, and our SOP can capture both these contributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sharma
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Nandi
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron 69500, France
| | - Sarika Maitra Bhattacharyya
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghosh A. Importance of Many Particle Correlations to the Collective Debye-Waller Factor in a Single-Particle Activated Dynamic Theory of the Glass Transition. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37229571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the importance of many body correlations on the collective Debye-Waller (DW) factor in the context of the Nonlinear Langevin Equation (NLE) single-particle activated dynamics theory of glass transition and its extension to include collective elasticity (ECNLE theory). This microscopic force-based approach envisions structural alpha relaxation as a coupled local-nonlocal process involving correlated local cage and longer range collective barriers. The crucial question addressed here is the importance of the deGennes narrowing contribution versus a literal Vineyard approximation for the collective DW factor that enters the construction of the dynamic free energy in NLE theory. While the Vineyard-deGennes approach-based NLE theory and its ECNLE theory extension yields predictions that agree well with experimental and simulation results, use of a literal Vineyard approximation for the collective DW factor massively overpredicts the activated relaxation time. The current study suggests many particle correlations are crucial for a reliable description of activated dynamics theory of model hard sphere fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashesh Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nan K, Hoy RS. Ultraslow Settling Kinetics of Frictional Cohesive Powders. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:166102. [PMID: 37154652 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.166102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Using discrete element method simulations, we show that the settling of frictional cohesive grains under ramped-pressure compression exhibits strong history dependence and slow dynamics that are not present for grains that lack either cohesion or friction. Systems prepared by beginning with a dilute state and then ramping the pressure to a small positive value P_{final} over a time τ_{ramp} settle at packing fractions given by an inverse-logarithmic rate law, ϕ_{settled}(τ_{ramp})=ϕ_{settled}(∞)+A/[1+Bln(1+τ_{ramp}/τ_{slow})]. This law is analogous to the one obtained from classical tapping experiments on noncohesive grains, but crucially different in that τ_{slow} is set by the slow dynamics of structural void stabilization rather than the faster dynamics of bulk densification. We formulate a kinetic free-void-volume theory that predicts this ϕ_{settled}(τ_{ramp}), with ϕ_{settled}(∞)=ϕ_{ALP} and A=ϕ_{settled}(0)-ϕ_{ALP}, where ϕ_{ALP}≡.135 is the "adhesive loose packing" fraction found by Liu et al. [Equation of state for random sphere packings with arbitrary adhesion and friction, Soft Matter 13, 421 (2017)SMOABF1744-683X10.1039/C6SM02216B].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Nan
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Robert S Hoy
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Farag H, Kaur AP, Robertson LA, Sarnello E, Liu X, Wang Y, Cheng L, Shkrob IA, Zhang L, Ewoldt RH, Li T, Odom SA, Y Z. Softening by charging: how collective modes of ionic association in concentrated redoxmer/electrolyte solutions define the structural and dynamic properties in different states of charge. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4243-4254. [PMID: 36661750 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04220g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physical and chemical processes occurring in concentrated electrolyte solutions is required to achieve redox flow batteries with high energy density. Highly concentrated electrolyte solutions are often studied in which collective crowded interactions between molecules and ions become predominant. Herein, experimental and computational methods were used to examine non-aqueous electrolyte solutions in two different states of charge as a function of redoxmer concentration. As the latter increases and the ionic association strengthens, the electric conductivity passes through a maximum and the solution increasingly gels, which is seen through a rapid non-linear increase in viscosity. We establish that the structural rigidity of ionic networks is closely connected with this loss of fluidity and show that charging generally yields softer ionic assemblies with weaker attractive forces and improved dynamical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Farag
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.,Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. .,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Aman Preet Kaur
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.,Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Lily A Robertson
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Erik Sarnello
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - Yilin Wang
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.,Materials Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ilya A Shkrob
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.,Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Randy H Ewoldt
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.,X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - Susan A Odom
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.,Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Y Z
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.,Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. .,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Attia E, Dyre JC, Pedersen UR. Comparing four hard-sphere approximations for the low-temperature WCA melting line. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:034502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0097593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining interface-pinning simulations with numerical integration of the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, we accurately determine the melting-line coexistence pressure and fluid/crystal densities of the Weeks–Chandler–Andersen system, covering four decades of temperature. The data are used for comparing the melting-line predictions of the Boltzmann, Andersen–Weeks–Chandler, Barker–Henderson, and Stillinger hard-sphere approximations. The Andersen–Weeks–Chandler and Barker–Henderson theories give the most accurate predictions, and they both work excellently in the zero-temperature limit for which analytical expressions are derived here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Attia
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jeppe C. Dyre
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ulf R. Pedersen
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Koperwas K, Kaśkosz F, Affouard F, Grzybowski A, Paluch M. The role of the diffusion in the predictions of the classical nucleation theory for quasi-real systems differ in dipole moment value. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9552. [PMID: 35688874 PMCID: PMC9187745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we examine the crystallization tendency for two quasi-real systems, which differ exclusively in the dipole moment's value. The main advantage of the studied system is the fact that despite that their structures are entirely identical, they exhibit different physical properties. Hence, the results obtained for one of the proposed model systems cannot be scaled to reproduce the results for another corresponding system, as it can be done for simple model systems, where structural differences are modeled by the different parameters of the intermolecular interactions. Our results show that both examined systems exhibit similar stability behavior below the melting temperature. This finding is contrary to the predictions of the classical nucleation theory, which suggests a significantly higher crystallization tendency for a more polar system. Our studies indicate that the noted discrepancies are caused by the kinetic aspect of the classical nucleation theory, which overestimates the role of diffusion in the nucleation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan Koperwas
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Filip Kaśkosz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Frederic Affouard
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nishikawa Y, Ikeda A, Berthier L. Collective dynamics in a glass-former with Mari-Kurchan interactions. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:244503. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0096356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We numerically study the equilibrium relaxation dynamics of a two-dimensional Mari-Kurchan glass model. The tree-like structure of particle interactions forbids both non-trivial structural motifs and the emergence of a complex free-energy landscape leading to a thermodynamic glass transition, while the finite-dimensional nature of the model prevents the existence of a mode-coupling singularity. Nevertheless, the equilibrium relaxation dynamics is shown to be in excellent agreement with simulations performed in conventional glass-formers. Averaged time-correlation functions display a phenomenology typical of supercooled liquids, including the emergence of an excess signal in relaxation spectra at intermediate frequencies. We show that this evolution is accompanied by strong signatures of collective and heterogeneous dynamics which cannot be interpreted in terms of single particle hopping and emerge from dynamic facilitation. Our study demonstrates that an off-lattice interacting particle model with extremely simple structural correlations displays quantitatively realistic glassy dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mei B, Zhuang B, Lu Y, An L, Wang ZG. Local-Average Free Volume Correlates with Dynamics in Glass Formers. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3957-3964. [PMID: 35481369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glass formers exhibit a pronounced slowdown in dynamics, accompanied by progressive heterogeneity as they approach the glass transition. There is intense debate over whether the dramatic slowdown is caused by dynamical heterogeneity and whether the enhanced dynamical heterogeneity originates from structural causes. However, the connection between dynamical heterogeneity and the spatial distribution of the single-particle free volume (a purely static structural quantity) was found to be rather weak, which raises the question of whether dynamic heterogeneity has a purely structural origin. Here, by introducing the concept of local-average free volume, we present numerical evidence that long-time dynamic heterogeneity shows significantly enhanced correlation with the average local free volume over a length scale of a few neighboring shells. Our results resolve the long-standing controversy about whether free volume plays an important role in particle rearrangements associated with the activated hopping relaxation. The concept of "local average" can be applied to other local structural descriptors to better correlate with dynamic heterogeneity in glass-forming liquids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baicheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | - Yuyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lijia An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hoy RS, Interiano-Alberto KA. Efficient d-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations for studies of the glass-jamming transition. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:055305. [PMID: 35706201 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.055305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We develop an algorithm suitable for parallel molecular dynamics simulations in d spatial dimensions and describe its implementation in C++. All routines work in arbitrary d; the maximum simulated d is limited only by available computing resources. These routines include several that are particularly useful for studies of the glass-jamming transition, such as SWAP Monte Carlo and FIRE energy minimization. The scalings of simulation runtimes with the number of particles N and number of simulation threads n_{threads} are comparable to popular molecular dynamics codes such as LAMMPS. The efficient parallel implementation allows simulation of systems that are much larger than those employed in previous high-dimensional glass-transition studies. As a demonstration of the code's capabilities, we show that supercooled d=6 liquids can possess dynamics that are substantially more heterogeneous and experience a breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation that is substantially stronger than previously reported, owing at least in part to the much smaller system sizes employed in earlier simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Hoy
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharma M, Nandi MK, Bhattacharyya SM. Identifying structural signature of dynamical heterogeneity via the local softness parameter. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:044604. [PMID: 35590668 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.044604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work we study the relationship between the softness of a mean-field caging potential and dynamics at the local level. We first describe the local softness, which shows a distribution, thus identifying structural heterogeneity. We show that the lifetime of the softness parameter is connected to the lifetime of the well-known cage structure in supercooled liquids. Finally, our theory predicts that the local softness and the local dynamics is causal below the onset temperature where there is a decoupling between the short and long time dynamics, thus allowing a static description of the cage. With the decrease in temperature, the correlation between structure and dynamics increases. The study shows that at lower temperatures, the structural heterogeneity increases, and since the structure becomes a better predictor of the dynamics, it leads to an increase in the dynamical heterogeneity. We also find that the softness of a hard, immobile region evolves with time and becomes soft and eventually mobile due to the rearrangements in the neighborhood, confirming the well-known facilitation effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sharma
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Nandi
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" 81031 Aversa (Caserta), Italy
| | - Sarika Maitra Bhattacharyya
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Banerjee A, Sevilla M, Rudzinski JF, Cortes-Huerto R. Finite-size scaling and thermodynamics of model supercooled liquids: long-range concentration fluctuations and the role of attractive interactions. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2373-2382. [PMID: 35258066 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We compute partial structure factors, Kirkwood-Buff integrals (KBIs) and chemical potentials of model supercooled liquids with and without attractive interactions. We aim at investigating whether relatively small differences in the tail of the radial distribution functions result in contrasting thermodynamic properties. Our results suggest that the attractive potential favours the nucleation of long-range structures. Indeed, upon decreasing temperature, Bathia-Thornton structure factors display anomalous behaviour in the k→0 limit. KBIs extrapolated to the thermodynamic limit confirm this picture, and excess coordination numbers identify the anomaly with long-range concentration fluctuations. By contrast, the purely repulsive system remains perfectly miscible for the same temperature interval and only reveals qualitatively similar concentration fluctuations in the crystalline state. Furthermore, differences in both isothermal compressibilities and chemical potentials show that thermodynamics is not entirely governed by the short-range repulsive part of the interaction potential, emphasising the nonperturbative role of attractive interactions. Finally, at higher density, where both systems display nearly identical dynamical properties and repulsive interactions become dominant, the anomaly disappears, and both systems also exhibit similar thermodynamic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atreyee Banerjee
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mauricio Sevilla
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Joseph F Rudzinski
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou Y, Mei B, Schweizer KS. Activated Relaxation in Supercooled Monodisperse Atomic and Polymeric WCA Fluids: Simulation and ECNLE Theory . J Chem Phys 2022; 156:114901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We combine simulation and Elastically Collective Nonlinear Langevin Equation (ECNLE) theory to study the activated relaxation in monodisperse atomic and polymeric WCA liquids over a wide range of temperatures and densities in the supercooled regime under isochoric conditions. By employing novel crystal-avoiding simulations, metastable equilibrium dynamics is probed in the absence of complications associated with size polydispersity. Based on highly accurate structural input from integral equation theory, ECNLE theory is found to describe well the simulated density and temperature dependences of the alpha relaxation time of atomic fluids using a single system-specific parameter, ac, that reflects the nonuniversal relative importance of the local cage and collective elastic barriers. For polymer fluids, the explicit dynamical effect of local chain connectivity is modeled at the fundamental dynamic free energy level based on a different parameter, Nc, that quantifies the degree of intramolecular correlation of bonded segment activated barrier hopping. For the flexible chain model studied, a physically intuitive value of Nc≈2 results in good agreement between simulation and theory. A direct comparison between atomic and polymeric systems reveals chain connectivity can speed up activated segmental relaxation due to weakening of equilibrium packing correlations, but can slow down relaxation due to local bonding constraints. The empirical thermodynamic scaling idea for the alpha time is found to work well at high densities or temperatures, but fails when both density and temperature are low. The rich and subtle behaviors revealed from simulation for atomic and polymeric WCA fluids are all well captured by ECNLE theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhou
- UIUC, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Materials Science and Engineering, United States of America
| | - Baicheng Mei
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Materials Science and Engineering, United States of America
| | - Kenneth S. Schweizer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Banerjee A, Wales DJ. Energy landscapes for a modified repulsive Weeks-Chandler-Andersen potential. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:034004. [PMID: 34644698 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2f6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The short-range nature of the repulsive Weeks-Chandler-Anderson (WCA) potential can create free particles/rattlers in a condensed system. The presence of rattlers complicates the analysis of the energy landscape due to extra zero-frequency normal modes. By employing a long-range Gaussian tail modification, we remove the rattlers without changing the structure and the dynamics of the system, and successfully describe the potential energy landscape in terms of minima and transition states. This coarse-grained description of the landscape and the dynamical properties of the modified potential exhibit characteristic signatures of glass-forming liquids. However, we show that despite having qualitatively similar behaviour, the modified WCA potential is less frustrated compared to its attractive counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atreyee Banerjee
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - David J Wales
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ciarella S, Luo C, Debets VE, Janssen LMC. Multi-component generalized mode-coupling theory: predicting dynamics from structure in glassy mixtures. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:91. [PMID: 34231080 PMCID: PMC8260512 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of glassy dynamics and the glass transition in dense disordered systems is still not fully understood theoretically. Mode-coupling theory (MCT) has shown to be effective in describing some of the non-trivial features of glass formation, but it cannot explain the full glassy phenomenology due to the strong approximations on which it is based. Generalized mode-coupling theory (GMCT) is a hierarchical extension of the theory, which is able to outclass MCT by carefully describing the dynamics of higher-order correlations in its generalized framework. Unfortunately, the theory has so far only been developed for single-component systems and as a result works poorly for highly polydisperse materials. In this paper, we solve this problem by developing GMCT for multi-component systems. We use it to predict the glassy dynamics of the binary Kob-Andersen Lennard-Jones mixture, as well as its purely repulsive Weeks-Chandler-Andersen analogue. Our results show that each additional level of the GMCT hierarchy gradually improves the predictive power of GMCT beyond its previous limit. This implies that our theory is able to harvest more information from the static correlations, thus being able to better understand the role of attraction in supercooled liquids from a first-principles perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciarella
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Chengjie Luo
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent E. Debets
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth M. C. Janssen
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang J, Zheng W, Zhang S, Xu D, Nie Y, Jiang Z, Xu N. Unifying fluctuation-dissipation temperatures of slow-evolving nonequilibrium systems from the perspective of inherent structures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6766. [PMID: 34321210 PMCID: PMC8318365 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For nonequilibrium systems, how to define temperature is one of the key and difficult issues to solve. Although effective temperatures have been proposed and studied to this end, it still remains elusive what they actually are. Here, we focus on the fluctuation-dissipation temperatures and report that such effective temperatures of slow-evolving systems represent characteristic temperatures of their equilibrium counterparts. By calculating the fluctuation-dissipation relation of inherent structures, we obtain a temperature-like quantity T IS For monocomponent crystal-formers, T IS agrees well with the crystallization temperature T c, while it matches with the onset temperature T on for glass-formers. It also agrees with effective temperatures of typical nonequilibrium systems, such as aging glasses, quasi-static shear flows, and quasi-static self-propelled flows. From the unique perspective of inherent structures, our study reveals the nature of effective temperatures and the underlying connections between nonequilibrium and equilibrium systems and confirms the equivalence between T on and T c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shiyun Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ding Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yunhuan Nie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhehua Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Singh A, Singh Y. How attractive and repulsive interactions affect structure ordering and dynamics of glass-forming liquids. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:052105. [PMID: 34134190 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.052105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The theory developed in our previous papers [Phys. Rev. E 99, 030101(R) (2019)10.1103/PhysRevE.99.030101; Phys. Rev. E 103, 032611 (2021)10.1103/PhysRevE.103.032611] is applied in this paper to investigate the dependence of slowing down of dynamics of glass-forming liquids on the attractive and repulsive parts of intermolecular interactions. Through an extensive comparison of the behavior of a Lennard-Jones glass-forming liquid and that of its WCA reduction to a model with truncated pair potential without attractive tail, we demonstrate why the two systems exhibit very different dynamics despite having nearly identical pair correlation functions. In particular, we show that local structures characterized by the number of mobile and immobile particles around a central particle markedly differ in the two systems at densities and temperatures where their dynamics show large difference and nearly identical where dynamics nearly overlap. We also show how the parameter ψ(T) that measures the role of fluctuations embedded in the system on size of the cooperatively reorganizing cluster (CRC) and the crossover temperature T_{a} depend on the intermolecular interactions. These parameters stemming from the intermolecular interactions characterize the temperature and density dependence of structural relaxation time τ_{α}. The quantitative and qualitative agreements found with simulation results for the two systems suggest that our theory brings out the underlying features that determine the dynamics of glass-forming liquids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India
| | - Yashwant Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nandi MK, Bhattacharyya SM. Microscopic Theory of Softness in Supercooled Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:208001. [PMID: 34110221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.208001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new measure of the structure of a liquid which is the softness of the mean-field potential developed by us earlier. We find that this softness is sensitive to small changes in the structure. Then, we study its correlation with the supercooled liquid dynamics. The study involves a wide range of liquids (fragile, strong, attractive, repulsive, and active) and predicts some universal behaviors such as the softness being linearly proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the activation barrier of the dynamics with system dependent proportionality constants. We establish a master equation between the dynamics and the softness parameter and show that, indeed, the dynamics, when scaled by the temperature and system dependent parameters, show a data collapse when plotted against softness. The dynamics of fragile liquids show a strong softness dependence, whereas that of strong liquids show a much weaker softness dependence. We also connect the present study with the earlier studies of softness involving machine learning (ML), thus, providing a theoretical framework for understanding the ML results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Nandi
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Singh A, Bhattacharyya SM, Singh Y. Emergence of cooperatively reorganizing cluster and super-Arrhenius dynamics of fragile supercooled liquids. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:032611. [PMID: 33862818 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.032611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we develop a theory to calculate the structural relaxation time τ_{α} of fragile supercooled liquids. Using the information of the configurational entropy and structure, we calculate the number of dynamically free, metastable, and stable neighbors around a central particle. In supercooled liquids, the cooperatively reorganizing clusters (CRCs) in which the stable neighbors form "stable" nonchemical bonds with the central particle emerge. For an event of relaxation to take place, these bonds have to reorganize irreversibly; the energy involved in the processes is the effective activation energy of relaxation. The theory brings forth a temperature T_{a} and a temperature-dependent parameter ψ(T) which characterize slowing down of dynamics on cooling. It is shown that the value of ψ(T) is equal to 1 for T>T_{a}, indicating that the underlying microscopic mechanism of relaxation is dominated by the entropy-driven processes, while for T<T_{a}, ψ(T) decreases on cooling, indicating the emergence of the energy-driven processes. This crossover of ψ(T) from high to low temperatures explains the crossover seen in τ_{α}. The dynamics of systems that may have similar static structure but very different dynamics can be understood in terms of ψ(T). We present results for the Kob-Anderson model for three densities and show that the calculated values of τ_{α} are in excellent agreement with simulation values for all densities. We also show that when ψ(T), τ_{α}, and other quantities are plotted as a function of T/T_{a} (or T_{a}/T), the data collapse on master curves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | | | - Yashwant Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Koperwas K, Grzybowski A, Paluch M. Virial-potential-energy correlation and its relation to density scaling for quasireal model systems. Phys Rev E 2021; 102:062140. [PMID: 33466035 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.062140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we examine the virial- and the potential-energy correlation for quasireal model systems. This correlation constitutes the framework of the theory of the isomorph in the liquid phase diagram commonly examined using simple liquids. Interestingly, our results show that for the systems characterized by structural anisotropy and flexible bonds, the instantaneous values of total virial and total potential energy are entirely uncorrelated. It is due to the presence of the intramolecular interactions because the contributions to the virial and potential energy resulting from the intermolecular interactions still exhibit strong linear dependence. Interestingly, in contrast to the results reported for simple liquids, the slope of the mentioned linear dependence is different than the values of the density scaling exponent. However, our findings show that for quasireal materials, the slope of dependence between the virial and potential energy (resulting from the intermolecular interactions) strongly depends on the interval of intermolecular distances that are taken into account. Consequently, the value of the slope of the discussed relationship, which enables satisfactory density scaling, can be obtained. Interestingly, this conclusion is supported by the results obtained for analogous systems without intermolecular attraction, for which the value the slope of the virial-potential-energy correlation is independent of considered intermolecular distances, directly corresponds to the exponent of the intermolecular repulsion, and finally leads to accurate density scaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Koperwas
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Physics, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - A Grzybowski
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Physics, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Physics, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research SMCEBI, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gish CM, Nan K, Hoy RS. Does the Sastry transition control cavitation in simple liquids? J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184504. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0023236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Gish
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Kai Nan
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Robert S. Hoy
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Autonomously revealing hidden local structures in supercooled liquids. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5479. [PMID: 33127927 PMCID: PMC7603397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Few questions in condensed matter science have proven as difficult to unravel as the interplay between structure and dynamics in supercooled liquids. To explore this link, much research has been devoted to pinpointing local structures and order parameters that correlate strongly with dynamics. Here we use an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to identify structural heterogeneities in three archetypical glass formers—without using any dynamical information. In each system, the unsupervised machine learning approach autonomously designs a purely structural order parameter within a single snapshot. Comparing the structural order parameter with the dynamics, we find strong correlations with the dynamical heterogeneities. Moreover, the structural characteristics linked to slow particles disappear further away from the glass transition. Our results demonstrate the power of machine learning techniques to detect structural patterns even in disordered systems, and provide a new way forward for unraveling the structural origins of the slow dynamics of glassy materials. The origin of dynamical slowdown in disordered materials remains elusive, especially in the absence of obvious structural changes. Boattini et al. use unsupervised machine learning to reveal correlations between structural and dynamical heterogeneity in supercooled liquids.
Collapse
|
25
|
Parmar ADS, Guiselin B, Berthier L. Stable glassy configurations of the Kob-Andersen model using swap Monte Carlo. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:134505. [PMID: 33032429 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The swap Monte Carlo algorithm allows the preparation of highly stable glassy configurations for a number of glass-formers but is inefficient for some models, such as the much studied binary Kob-Andersen (KA) mixture. We have recently developed generalizations to the KA model where swap can be very effective. Here, we show that these models can, in turn, be used to considerably enhance the stability of glassy configurations in the original KA model at no computational cost. We successfully develop several numerical strategies both in and out of equilibrium to achieve this goal and show how to optimize them. We provide several physical measurements indicating that the proposed algorithms considerably enhance mechanical and thermodynamic stability in the KA model, including a transition toward brittle yielding behavior. Our results thus pave the way for future studies of stable glasses using the KA model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshul D S Parmar
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Guiselin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Banerjee A, Wales DJ. Fragility and correlated dynamics in supercooled liquids. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124501. [PMID: 33003758 DOI: 10.1063/5.0015091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A connection between the super-Arrhenius behavior of dynamical properties and the correlated dynamics for supercooled liquids is examined for a well known glass forming binary Lennard-Jones mixture and its repulsive counterpart, the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen potential, over a range of densities. When considering short time nonergodic trajectory segments of a longer ergodic trajectory, we observe that, independent of the potentials and densities, the apparent diffusivity follows Arrhenius behavior until low temperatures. Comparing the two potentials, where the ergodic diffusivities are known to be rather different, we find that the short-time nonergodic part is similar throughout the temperature range. By including a correlation factor in the nonergodic diffusivity, a rescaled value is calculated, which provides a reasonable estimate of the true ergodic diffusivity. The true diffusion coefficient and the correction factor collapse to a master plot for all densities at any given time interval. Hence, our results confirm a strong connection between fragility and dynamical correlation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atreyee Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - David J Wales
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tong H, Tanaka H. Role of Attractive Interactions in Structure Ordering and Dynamics of Glass-Forming Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:225501. [PMID: 32567891 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.225501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A key question in glass physics is what the origin of slow glassy dynamics is. The liquid structure is a natural candidate; however, an apparently severe counterexample has been known. Two model glass-forming liquids, with the standard Lennard-Jones interaction potential and its Weeks-Chandler-Andersen variation without the attractive tail, exhibit very similar structures at the two-body level but drastically different dynamical behaviors in the supercooled states. Here we look at the liquid structure through a (many-body) structural order parameter Θ characterizing the packing capability of local particle arrangements. We show that the structures of these two systems seen by Θ are actually very different at a many-body level, but, quite surprisingly, the macroscopic structure (Θ)-dynamics (τ_{α}) relationships commonly follow a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann-like function. Furthermore, the mutual information analysis reveals strong local structure-dynamics correlations. Therefore, we conclude that attractive interactions affect the liquid structure in a nonperturbative manner, but a general structural origin of slow dynamics holds for these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tong
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Landes FP, Biroli G, Dauchot O, Liu AJ, Reichman DR. Attractive versus truncated repulsive supercooled liquids: The dynamics is encoded in the pair correlation function. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:010602. [PMID: 32069631 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.010602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We compare glassy dynamics in two liquids that differ in the form of their interaction potentials. Both systems have the same repulsive interactions but one has also an attractive part in the potential. These two systems exhibit very different dynamics despite having nearly identical pair correlation functions. We demonstrate that a properly weighted integral of the pair correlation function, which amplifies the subtle differences between the two systems, correctly captures their dynamical differences. The weights are obtained from a standard machine learning algorithm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François P Landes
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Inria, Laboratoire de recherche en informatique, TAU team, 91405 Orsay, France.,Laboratoire de Physique de l'École normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Giulio Biroli
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dauchot
- UMR Gulliver 7083 CNRS, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andrea J Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chattoraj J, Ciamarra MP. Role of Attractive Forces in the Relaxation Dynamics of Supercooled Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:028001. [PMID: 32004055 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.028001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The attractive tail of the intermolecular interaction affects very weakly the structural properties of liquids, while it affects dramatically their dynamical ones. Via the numerical simulations of model systems not prone to crystallization, both in three and in two spatial dimensions, here we demonstrate that the nonperturbative dynamical effects of the attractive forces are tantamount to a rescaling of the activation energy by the glass transition temperature T_{g}: systems only differing in their attractive interaction have the same structural and dynamical properties if compared at the same value of T/T_{g}.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyjit Chattoraj
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Massimo Pica Ciamarra
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- CNR-SPIN, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The role of the dipole moment orientations in the crystallization tendency of the van der Waals liquids - molecular dynamics simulations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:283. [PMID: 31937904 PMCID: PMC6959262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer simulations of model systems play a remarkable role in the contemporary studies of structural, dynamic and thermodynamic properties of supercooled liquids. However, the commonly employed model systems, i.e., simple-liquids, do not reflect the internal features of the real molecules, e.g., structural anisotropy and spatial distribution of charges, which might be crucial for the behavior of real materials. In this paper, we use the new model molecules of simple but anisotropic structure, to studies the effect of dipole moment orientation on the crystallization tendency. Our results indicate that proper orientation of the dipole moment could totally change the stability behavior of the system. Consequently, the exchange of a single atom within the molecule causing the change of dipole moment orientation might be crucial for controlling the crystallization tendency. Moreover, employing the classical nucleation theory, we explain the reason for this behavior.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ghosh A, Schweizer KS. Microscopic theory of the influence of strong attractive forces on the activated dynamics of dense glass and gel forming fluids. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5129941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashesh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Material Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tong H, Tanaka H. Structural order as a genuine control parameter of dynamics in simple glass formers. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5596. [PMID: 31811143 PMCID: PMC6898187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass transition is characterised by drastic dynamical slowing down upon cooling, accompanied by growing spatial heterogeneity. Its rationalisation by subtle changes in the liquid structure has been long debated but remains elusive, due to intrinsic difficulty in detecting the underlying complex structural ordering. Here we report that structural order parameter characterising local packing capability can well describe the glassy dynamics not only macroscopically but also microscopically, no matter whether it is driven by temperature or density. A Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT)-like relation is universally identified between the structural relaxation time and the order parameter for supercooled liquids with isotropic interactions. More importantly, we find such an intriguing VFT-like relation to be statistically valid even at a particle level, between spatially coarse-grained structural order and microscopic particle-level dynamics. Such a unified description of glassy dynamics based solely on structural order is expected to contribute to the ultimate understanding of the long-standing glass-transition problem. The glass-forming materials exhibit dynamical slowing down together with spatial heterogeneity at microscales, but their origin remains debated. Tong and Tanaka show that this phenomenon can be unified based on a structural order parameter capable of detecting subtle ordering in instantaneous liquid states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tong
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wenzel D, Praetorius S, Voigt A. Topological and geometrical quantities in active cellular structures. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:164108. [PMID: 31042877 DOI: 10.1063/1.5085766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Wenzel
- Institute of Scientific Computing, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Praetorius
- Institute of Scientific Computing, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Voigt
- Institute of Scientific Computing, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ma X, Liu J, Zhang Y, Habdas P, Yodh AG. Excess entropy and long-time diffusion in colloidal fluids with short-range interparticle attraction. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:144907. [PMID: 30981231 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid structure and dynamics are experimentally investigated in colloidal suspensions with short-range depletion attraction. The colloidal fluid samples consist of hard-sphere colloidal particles suspended along with rodlike depletants based on surfactant micelles. The spheres have a range of surface chemistries, diameters, and packing fractions, and the rodlike micelle length depends on the temperature. Thus, the combination of hard-spheres and depletants generates a sample wherein short-range interparticle attraction can be temperature-tuned in situ. Video optical microscopy and particle tracking techniques are employed to measure particle trajectories from which structural and dynamical quantities are derived, including the particle pair correlation function [g(r)], mean square displacement, long-time diffusion coefficient, and the sample two-body excess entropy (S2). The samples with stronger short-range attractions exhibit more order, as characterized by g(r) and S2. The stronger short-range attractions are also observed to lead to slower long-time diffusion and more heterogeneous dynamics at intermediate time scales. Finally, the excess entropy scaling law prediction, i.e., the exponential relationship between two-body excess entropy and long-time diffusivity, is observed across the full range of samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Ma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yikang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Piotr Habdas
- Department of Physics, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
| | - A G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
White RP, Lipson JEG. Pressure-Dependent Dynamics of Polymer Melts from Arrhenius to Non-Arrhenius: The Cooperative Free Volume Rate Equation Tested against Simulation Data. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Jane E. G. Lipson
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pafong Sanjon E, Drossel B, Vogel M. Effects of the bond polarity on the structural and dynamical properties of silica-like liquids. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:104506. [PMID: 29544292 DOI: 10.1063/1.5017681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica is a network-forming liquid that shares many properties with water due to its tetrahedral structure. It undergoes a transition from a fragile to a strong liquid as the temperature is decreased, which is accompanied by a structural change to lower density and higher tetrahedral order. In order to disentangle the effects of Coulomb and van der Waals interactions on the structure and dynamics of liquid silica, we modify the bond polarity by changing the partial charges assigned to each atom. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that density, tetrahedral order, and structural relaxation times decrease when reducing bond polarity. Moreover, we find that the density maximum and the fragile-to-strong transition move to lower temperatures until they eventually vanish when the partial charges are decreased below approximately 75% of their regular value. Irrespective of whether strong or fragile behavior exists, structural relaxation is governed by hopping motion at sufficiently low temperatures. As long as there is a strong regime, the energy barrier associated with strong dynamics decreases with decreasing partial charges, but the dependence on the bond polarity differs from that of the activation energy in the Arrhenius regime at high temperatures. We show that the fragile-to-strong transition is associated with structural changes occurring between the first and second coordination shells that lead to a decrease in density and an increase in tetrahedral order. In particular, independent of the value of the partial charges, the distribution of the local structures is the same at this dynamic crossover, but we find no evidence that the effect occurs upon crossing the Widom line. In the fragile regime at intermediate temperatures, the relaxation times are well described by a previously proposed model which decomposes the apparent activation energy into a constant single-particle contribution and a temperature-dependent collective contribution. However, our results for silica-like melts do not obey several common relations of the model parameters reported for molecular glass formers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Pafong Sanjon
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Drossel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Vogel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
White RP, Lipson JEG. Explaining the T,V-dependent dynamics of glass forming liquids: The cooperative free volume model tested against new simulation results. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:184503. [PMID: 29141440 DOI: 10.1063/1.5001714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we derive a rate model, the "cooperative free volume" (CFV) model, to explain relaxation dynamics in terms of a system's free volume, Vfree, and its temperature, T, over widely varied pressure dependent conditions. In the CFV model, the rate a molecule moves a distance on the order of its own size is dependent on the cooperation of surrounding molecules to open up enough free space. To test CFV, we have generated extensive T,V dependent simulation data for structural relaxation times, τ, on a Kob and Andersen type Lennard-Jones (KA-LJ) fluid. The Vfree = V - Vhc values are obtained by estimating the limiting hard core volume, Vhc, through analysis of the KA-LJ PVT data. We provide the first simulation evidence that shows ln τ to be linearly proportional to 1/Vfree on isotherms, with T-dependent slopes, thus confirming our recent analysis of experimental systems. The linear relationship exhibited by the simulation data is further shown to occur at temperatures both above and below the transition to Arrhenius behavior. We also show that the gas kinetic T-dependent contribution is important in simulation results and that there can be a significant entropic contribution from lingering molecular hard-cores at high T. A key result is that non-Arrhenius relaxation behavior is always exhibited on isobars of the KA-LJ fluid, even at high T. The CFV model predicts all of this behavior over a surprisingly wide range of the KA-LJ T,V space, fitting it with just a single set of three parameters. The CFV approach leads to a framework wherein the number of cooperating particles, and thus, the process free energy of activation, is inversely proportional to Vfree, and this is the foundation for the form of the model's volume contribution, a form that we find to hold for all systems and at all temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P White
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Jane E G Lipson
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Banerjee A, Nandi MK, Sastry S, Maitra Bhattacharyya S. Determination of onset temperature from the entropy for fragile to strong liquids. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:024504. [PMID: 28711039 DOI: 10.1063/1.4991848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we establish a connection between the onset temperature of glassy dynamics with the change in the entropy for a wide range of model systems. We identify the crossing temperature of pair and excess entropies as the onset temperature. Below the onset temperature, the residual multiparticle entropy, the difference between excess and pair entropies, becomes positive. The positive entropy can be viewed as equivalent to the larger phase space exploration of the system. The new method of onset temperature prediction from entropy is less ambiguous, as it does not depend on any fitting parameter like the existing methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atreyee Banerjee
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Nandi
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Srikanth Sastry
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Campus, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shimada M, Mizuno H, Ikeda A. Anomalous vibrational properties in the continuum limit of glasses. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:022609. [PMID: 29548203 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.022609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The low-temperature thermal properties of glasses are anomalous with respect to those of crystals. These thermal anomalies indicate that the low-frequency vibrational properties of glasses differ from those of crystals. Recent studies revealed that, in the simplest model of glasses, i.e., the harmonic potential system, phonon modes coexist with soft localized modes in the low-frequency (continuum) limit. However, the nature of low-frequency vibrational modes of more realistic models is still controversial. In the present work, we study the Lennard-Jones (LJ) system using large-scale molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation and establish that the vibrational property of the LJ glass converges to coexistence of the phonon modes and the soft localized modes in the continuum limit as in the case of the harmonic potential system. Importantly, we find that the low-frequency vibrations are rather sensitive to the numerical scheme of potential truncation, which is usually implemented in the MD simulation, and this is the reason why contradictory arguments have been reported by previous works. We also discuss the physical origin of this sensitiveness by means of a linear stability analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Shimada
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Plaza-Rivera CO, Nguyen HT, Hoy RS. Isostaticity and the solidification of semiflexible polymer melts. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7948-7952. [PMID: 29034933 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01442b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations of a tangent-soft-sphere bead-spring polymer model, we examine the degree to which semiflexible polymer melts solidify at isostaticity. Flexible and stiff chains crystallize when they are isostatic as defined by appropriate degree-of-freedom-counting arguments. Semiflexible chains also solidify when isostatic if a generalized isostaticity criterion that accounts for the slow freezing out of configurational freedom as chain stiffness increases is employed. The configurational freedom associated with bond angles (θ) can be associated with the characteristic ratio C∞ = (1 + 〈cos(θ)〉)/(1 - 〈cos(θ)〉). We find that the dependence of the average coordination number at solidification [Z(Ts)] on chains' characteristic ratio C∞ has the same functional form [Z ≃ a - b ln(C∞)] as the dependence of the average coordination number at jamming [Z(ϕJ)] on C∞ in athermal systems, suggesting that jamming-related phenomena play a significant role in thermal polymer solidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong T Nguyen
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Robert S Hoy
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
The glass formation of a repulsive system with also a short range attractive potential: A re-interpretation of the free volume theory. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
42
|
Das M, Green JR. Self-Averaging Fluctuations in the Chaoticity of Simple Fluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:115502. [PMID: 28949206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.115502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bulk properties of equilibrium liquids are a manifestation of intermolecular forces. Here, we show how these forces imprint on dynamical fluctuations in the Lyapunov exponents for simple fluids with and without attractive forces. While the bulk of the spectrum is strongly self-averaging, the first Lyapunov exponent self-averages only weakly and at a rate that depends on the length scale of the intermolecular forces; short-range repulsive forces quantitatively dominate longer-range attractive forces, which act as a weak perturbation that slows the convergence to the thermodynamic limit. Regardless of intermolecular forces, the fluctuations in the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy rate diverge, as one expects for an extensive quantity, and the spontaneous fluctuations of these dynamical observables obey fluctuation-dissipation-like relationships. Together, these results are a representation of the van der Waals picture of fluids and another lens through which we can view the liquid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moupriya Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
| | - Jason R Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
- Center for Quantum and Nonequilibrium Systems, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lad KN, Jakse N, Pasturel A. How closely do many-body potentials describe the structure and dynamics of Cu–Zr glass-forming alloy? J Chem Phys 2017; 146:124502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4979125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. N. Lad
- Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, Gujarat, India
| | - N. Jakse
- Sciences et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés, UMR 5266 CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), 1130 rue de la Piscine, BP 75, 38402 Saint-Martin d’Hères Cedex, France
| | - A. Pasturel
- Sciences et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés, UMR 5266 CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), 1130 rue de la Piscine, BP 75, 38402 Saint-Martin d’Hères Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li YW, Zhu YL, Sun ZY. Probing heterogeneous dynamics from spatial density correlation in glass-forming liquids. Phys Rev E 2017; 94:062601. [PMID: 28085473 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.062601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We numerically investigate the connection between spatial density correlation and dynamical heterogeneity in glass-forming liquids. We demonstrate that the cluster size defined by the spatial aggregation of densely packed particles (DPPs) can better capture the difference between the dynamics of the Lennard-Jones glass model and the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen truncation model than the commonly used pair correlation functions. More interestingly, we compare the mobility of DPPs and loosely packed particles, and we find that high local density correlates well with slow dynamics in systems with relatively hard repulsive interactions but links to mobile ones in the system with soft repulsive interactions at one relaxation time scale. Our results show clear evidence that the above model dependence behavior stems from the hopping motion of DPPs at the end of the caging stage due to the compressive nature of soft repulsive spheres, which activates the dynamics of DPPs in the α relaxation stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China and Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures in Condensed Matters, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Altabet YE, Stillinger FH, Debenedetti PG. A cavitation transition in the energy landscape of simple cohesive liquids and glasses. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:211905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4959846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Elia Altabet
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Frank H. Stillinger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zheng W, Liu H, Xu N. Shear-induced solidification of athermal systems with weak attraction. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:062608. [PMID: 28085414 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.062608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We find that unjammed packings of frictionless particles with rather weak attraction can always be driven into solidlike states by shear. The structure of shear-driven solids evolves continuously with packing fraction from gel-like to jamminglike, but is almost independent of the shear stress. In contrast, both the density of vibrational states (DOVS) and force network evolve progressively with the shear stress. There exists a packing fraction independent shear stress σ_{c}, at which the shear-driven solids are isostatic and have a flattened DOVS. Solidlike states induced by a shear stress greater than σ_{c} possess properties of marginally jammed solids and are thus strictly defined shear jammed states. Below σ_{c}, shear-driven solids with rather different structures are all under isostaticity and share common features in the DOVS and force network. Our study leads to a jamming phase diagram for weakly attractive particles, which reveals the significance of the shear stress in determining properties of shear-driven solids and the connections and distinctions between jamminglike and gel-like states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Glass-Forming Tendency of Molecular Liquids and the Strength of the Intermolecular Attractions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36934. [PMID: 27883011 PMCID: PMC5121653 DOI: 10.1038/srep36934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When we cool down a liquid below the melting temperature, it can either crystallize or become supercooled, and then form a disordered solid called glass. Understanding what makes a liquid to crystallize readily in one case and form a stable glass in another is a fundamental problem in science and technology. Here we show that the crystallization/glass-forming tendencies of the molecular liquids might be correlated with the strength of the intermolecular attractions, as determined from the combined experimental and computer simulation studies. We use van der Waals bonded propylene carbonate and its less polar structural analog 3-methyl-cyclopentanone to show that the enhancement of the dipole-dipole forces brings about the better glass-forming ability of the sample when cooling from the melt. Our finding was rationalized by the mismatch between the optimal temperature range for the nucleation and crystal growth, as obtained for a modeled Lennard-Jones system with explicitly enhanced or weakened attractive part of the intermolecular 6–12 potential.
Collapse
|
48
|
Gratale MD, Ma X, Davidson ZS, Still T, Habdas P, Yodh AG. Vibrational properties of quasi-two-dimensional colloidal glasses with varying interparticle attraction. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:042606. [PMID: 27841543 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.042606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We measure the vibrational modes and particle dynamics of quasi-two-dimensional colloidal glasses as a function of interparticle interaction strength. The interparticle attractions are controlled via a temperature-tunable depletion interaction. Specifically, the interparticle attraction energy is increased gradually from a very small value (nearly hard-sphere) to moderate strength (∼4k_{B}T), and the variation of colloidal particle dynamics and vibrations are concurrently probed. The particle dynamics slow monotonically with increasing attraction strength, and the particle motions saturate for strengths greater than ∼2k_{B}T, i.e., as the system evolves from a nearly repulsive glass to an attractive glass. The shape of the phonon density of states is revealed to change with increasing attraction strength, and the number of low-frequency modes exhibits a crossover for glasses with weak compared to strong interparticle attraction at a threshold of ∼2k_{B}T. This variation in the properties of the low-frequency vibrational modes suggests a new means for distinguishing between repulsive and attractive glass states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Gratale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Ma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter, CNRS-Solvay-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007-3624, USA
| | - Zoey S Davidson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Tim Still
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Piotr Habdas
- Department of Physics, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
| | - A G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hu YC, Shang BS, Guan PF, Yang Y, Bai HY, Wang WH. Thermodynamic scaling of glassy dynamics and dynamic heterogeneities in metallic glass-forming liquid. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:104503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chao Hu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bao-Shuang Shang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Peng-Fei Guan
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Yang Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Flenner E, Szamel G, Berthier L. The nonequilibrium glassy dynamics of self-propelled particles. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:7136-7149. [PMID: 27499055 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study the glassy dynamics taking place in dense assemblies of athermal active particles that are driven solely by a nonequilibrium self-propulsion mechanism. Active forces are modeled as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic process, characterized by a persistence time and an effective temperature, and particles interact via a Lennard-Jones potential that yields well-studied glassy behavior in the Brownian limit, which is obtained as the persistence time vanishes. By increasing the persistence time, the system departs more strongly from thermal equilibrium and we provide a comprehensive numerical analysis of the structure and dynamics of the resulting active fluid. Finite persistence times profoundly affect the static structure of the fluid and give rise to nonequilibrium velocity correlations that are absent in thermal systems. Despite these nonequilibrium features, for any value of the persistence time we observe a nonequilibrium glass transition as the effective temperature is decreased. Surprisingly, increasing departure from thermal equilibrium is found to promote (rather than suppress) the glassy dynamics. Overall, our results suggest that with increasing persistence time, microscopic properties of the active fluid change quantitatively, but the general features of the nonequilibrium glassy dynamics observed with decreasing the effective temperature remain qualitatively similar to those of thermal glass-formers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Flenner
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|