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Shoaib M, Khan S, Wani OB, Abdala A, Seiphoori A, Bobicki ER. Modulation of soft glassy dynamics in aqueous suspensions of an anisotropic charged swelling clay through pH adjustment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:860-872. [PMID: 34425273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Sodium-montmorillonite (Na-Mt) particles are geometrically anisometric that carry a pH dependent anisotropic surface charge. Therefore, it should be possible to manipulate the particle-particle interaction of colloidal range Na-Mt suspensions through pH changes which in turn should alter the soft glassy dynamics of Na-Mt suspensions. EXPERIMENTS Rheological experiments were used to probe the impact of pH mediated colloidal particle-particle interaction on the physical aging, linear viscoelastic response, and yield stress behavior of Na-Mt suspension. FINDINGS The temporal evolution of the storage modulus (G') was stronger in the acid regime (pH < 9.5) than the base (pH ≥ 9.5) pH regime. Horizontal shifting of the aging curves in the acid and base regimes led to aging time-H+ concentration and aging time-OH- concentration superposition. An aging time-Na-Mt concentration superposition was also observed in both pH regimes. The critical stress associated with the viscosity bifurcation behavior increased linearly with G' but with different slopes for acid and base regime. We propose that positively charged patches on the Na-Mt particle edge merge with the characteristic surface as a function of H+ ions in the system. This leads to a strongly associated microstructure at low pH and a relatively weak but associated microstructure at natural pH, hence confirming the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - Shaihroz Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Omar Bashir Wani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abdala
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. 23874, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ali Seiphoori
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Erin R Bobicki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.
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Shoaib M, Molaei N, Bobicki ER. Physical aging in aqueous nematic gels of a swelling nanoclay: sol (phase) to gel (state) transition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:4703-4714. [PMID: 34724011 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous dispersions of geometrically anisometric, nano-sized sodium-montmorillonite (Na-Mt) display a sol-gel transition at very low solids concentrations. The microstructure of the gel formed at very low ionic strengths is considered electrostatically repulsive with a nematic character, and the gel state at ionic strengths where Debye length is of the order of particle size is conjectured to be free of physical aging. We investigated the nature of osmotically prepared Na-Mt dispersions at low ionic strength (∼10-5 M), below and above the gel point. The sol phase exhibited very low yield stress compared to the gel state, without any sign of physical aging, thus behaving as an equilibrium state. In contrast, the gel exhibited signatures of physical aging, that is, an evolving microstructure that consolidated with time when left undisturbed thus behaving as out of equilibrium state. The physical aging behaviour became more pronounced at Na-Mt concentrations far above the gel point. A critical shear rate existed, below which no stable flows were possible in the gel state representing the microstructural reorganization timescale. Overall, Na-Mt dispersions in the gel state behave like systems that were out of equilibrium with an ever-evolving microstructure, in opposition to the assumption that low ionic strength Na-Mt gels are in an equilibrium phase. The possible origin of physical aging, such as the reversible orientation of Brownian anisotropic particles, stiffening of an existing microstructure, or reorganization of microstructure towards minimal energy configuration is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - Nahid Molaei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Erin R Bobicki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.
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Fossum JO. Clay nanolayer encapsulation, evolving from origins of life to future technologies. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. SPECIAL TOPICS 2020; 229:2863-2879. [PMID: 33224440 PMCID: PMC7666717 DOI: 10.1140/epjst/e2020-000131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Clays are the siblings of graphite and graphene/graphene-oxide. There are two basic ways of using clays for encapsulation of sub-micron entities such as molecules, droplets, or nanoparticles, which is either by encapsulation in the interlayer space of clay nanolayered stacked particles ("the graphite way"), or by using exfoliated clay nanolayers to wrap entities in packages ("the graphene way"). Clays maybe the prerequisites for life on earth and can also be linked to the natural formation of other two-dimensional materials such as naturally occurring graphite and its allotropes. Here we discuss state-of-the-art in the area of clay-based encapsulation and point to some future scientific directions and technological possibilities that could emerge from research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Otto Fossum
- Laboratory for Soft and Complex Matter Studies, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology – NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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Giles DP. Chapter 7 Quick clay behaviour in sensitive Quaternary marine clays – a UK perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1144/egsp29.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe term quick clay has been used to denote the behaviour of highly sensitive Quaternary marine clays that, due to post depositional processes, have the tendency to change from a relatively stiff condition to a liquid mass when disturbed. On failure these marine clays can rapidly mobilise into high velocity flow slides and spreads often completely liquefying in the process. For a clay to be defined as potentially behaving as a quick clay in terms of its geotechnical parameters it must have a sensitivity (the ratio of undisturbed to remoulded shear strength) of greater than 30 together with a remoulded shear strength of less than 0.5 kPa. The presence of quick clays in the UK is unclear, but the Quaternary history of the British islands suggests that the precursor conditions for their formation could be present and should be considered when undertaking construction in the coastal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peter Giles
- CGL, 4 Godalming Business Centre, Woolsack Way, Godalming, GU7 1XW, UK
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Zhu L, Lu H, Poletto M, Liu H, Deng Z. Hopper discharge of cohesive powders using pulsated airflow. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhuo Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal GasificationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal GasificationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Massimo Poletto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria IndustrialeUniversità degli Studi di Salerno Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal GasificationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhiwen Deng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Coal GasificationEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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Transition from glass- to gel-like states in clay at a liquid interface. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37239. [PMID: 27883031 PMCID: PMC5121648 DOI: 10.1038/srep37239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal clay in water suspensions are known to exhibit a multitude of bulk phases depending on initial colloidal concentration and ionic strength, and examples of this include repulsive Wigner colloidal glasses at low ionic strength and attractive gels at higher ionic strength due to screened electrostatic forces by the electrolyte. From confocal Raman microscopy combined with elasticity measurements, we infer that clay trapped at quasi two-dimensional interfaces between oil and water also exhibit confined glass-like or gel-like states. The results can be important for the preparation of particles stabilized colloidal emulsions or colloidal capsules, and a better understanding of this phenomenon may lead to new emulsion or encapsulation technologies.
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Holmqvist P, Meester V, Westermeier F, Kleshchanok D. Rotational diffusion in concentrated platelet systems measured with X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:084905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hansen EL, Hemmen H, Fonseca DM, Coutant C, Knudsen KD, Plivelic TS, Bonn D, Fossum JO. Swelling transition of a clay induced by heating. Sci Rep 2012; 2:618. [PMID: 22943004 PMCID: PMC3431542 DOI: 10.1038/srep00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Clays are of paramount importance for soil stability, but also in applications ranging from oil recovery to composites and hydrogels. Generically, clays are divided into two subclasses: macroscopically swelling, ‘active’ clays that have the capacity for taking up large amounts of water to form stable gels, and ‘passive’ or non-swelling clays; the former stabilize soils whereas the latter are known to lead to landslides. However, it has been unclear so far what mechanisms underlie clay swelling. Here, we report the first observation of a temperature-induced transition from a passive to an active, swelling clay. We propose a simple description of the swelling transition; while net attractive interactions are dominant at low temperatures so that the clay particles remain attached to each other in stacks, at higher temperatures it is energetically favourable for the clay to swell due to the entropy that is gained by counterions which are liberated during swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Hansen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology – NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
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Hemmen H, Alme LR, Fossum JO, Meheust Y. X-ray studies of interlayer water absorption and mesoporous water transport in a weakly hydrated clay. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:036315. [PMID: 21230179 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.036315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The swelling of layered smectite clay particles consists of a change in the interlayer repetition distance ( d -spacing) as a function of temperature and humidity. For the synthetic clay sodium fluorohectorite, hydrodynamically stable hydration states with zero, one and two intercalated monolayers of water have previously been reported, with discrete jumps in d -spacing at the transitions between the hydration states. Keeping the temperature fixed and varying the ambient relative humidity, we find small reproducible d -spacing changes also within the hydration states. These changes are monotonous as a function of relative humidity, and one order of magnitude smaller than the shift in d -spacing that is typical of the transition between two hydration states. The reproducibility and reliability of this relative humidity controlled d -shift enables us to use the interlayer repetition distance d as a measure of the local humidity surrounding the clay particles. We provide an example of application of this observation: imposing a humidity gradient over a quasi-one-dimensional temperature-controlled sample, and using x-ray diffraction to record the d -spacing, we are able to extract profiles of the relative humidity along the sample length. Their time evolution describes the transport of water through the mesoporous space inside the clay. An analysis of the measured humidity profiles based on the Boltzmann transformation, under certain simplifying assumptions, yields a diffusive behavior that is either normal or possibly weakly anomalous.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hemmen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Hoegskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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