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Niu W, Qin L, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Xia S, Feng X, Wang Q, Liu J, Zhao Z, Zhu Z, Li W, Zhao X. Real-imaginary spectrum decomposition of the transparency spectra in microwave dressed Rydberg systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:21374-21388. [PMID: 38859492 DOI: 10.1364/oe.520789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
To distinguish the contributions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) in their applications in precision laser spectroscopy, we propose a real-imaginary spectrum decomposition method to investigate the transparency spectra in a four-level microwave (MW) dressed Rydberg system. We show that the opening transparency windows in the absorption spectra of probe field is a prominent character by EIT, EIT-ATS crossover, and ATS when the MW field is turned off and the intensity of the control field is adjusted. When the MW field is turned on and gradually increased, the EIT is destroyed and disappears. In addition, the most prominent characters that open a transparency window are the EIT-ATS crossover and the ATS. Then, if we further increase the intensity of the MW field, we find that the transparency windows open mainly due to the ATS. Compared to the previous considerations of this issue, which were limited to three-level systems, our four-level scheme reported here is useful for understanding the features of quantum interference in multilevel atomic systems, and has potential applications to study enhanced sensitivity, measurement spectroscopic, quantum processing, quantum communication, and transmission.
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2
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John V, Borsoi F, György Z, Wang CA, Széchenyi G, van Riggelen-Doelman F, Lawrie WIL, Hendrickx NW, Sammak A, Scappucci G, Pályi A, Veldhorst M. Bichromatic Rabi Control of Semiconductor Qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:067001. [PMID: 38394602 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.067001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrically driven spin resonance is a powerful technique for controlling semiconductor spin qubits. However, it faces challenges in qubit addressability and off-resonance driving in larger systems. We demonstrate coherent bichromatic Rabi control of quantum dot hole spin qubits, offering a spatially selective approach for large qubit arrays. By applying simultaneous microwave bursts to different gate electrodes, we observe multichromatic resonance lines and resonance anticrossings that are caused by the ac Stark shift. Our theoretical framework aligns with experimental data, highlighting interdot motion as the dominant mechanism for bichromatic driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin John
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Francesco Borsoi
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Zoltán György
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chien-An Wang
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Gábor Széchenyi
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Floor van Riggelen-Doelman
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - William I L Lawrie
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Nico W Hendrickx
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - Amir Sammak
- QuTech and Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Stieltjesweg 1, 2628 CK Delft, Netherlands
| | - Giordano Scappucci
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
| | - András Pályi
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME Quantum Dynamics and Correlations Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Menno Veldhorst
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
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3
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Rao JW, Yao B, Wang CY, Zhang C, Yu T, Lu W. Unveiling a Pump-Induced Magnon Mode via Its Strong Interaction with Walker Modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:046705. [PMID: 36763434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.046705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We observe a power-dependent anticrossing of Walker spin-wave modes under microwave pumping when a ferrimagnet is placed in a microwave waveguide that does not support any discrete photon mode. We interpret this unexpected anticrossing as the generation of a pump-induced magnon mode that couples strongly to the Walker modes of the ferrimagnet. This anticrossing inherits an excellent tunability from the pump, which allows us to control the anticrossing via the pump power, frequency, and waveform. Further, we realize a remarkable functionality of this anticrossing, namely, a microwave frequency comb, in terms of the nonlinear interaction that mixes the pump and probe frequencies. Such a frequency comb originates from the magnetic dynamics and thereby does not suffer from the charge noise. The unveiled hybrid magnonics driven away from its equilibrium enriches the utilization of anticrossing for coherent information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Rao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bimu Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - C Y Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - C Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
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4
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Circuit quantum electrodynamics with dressed states of a superconducting artificial atom. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22308. [PMID: 36566268 PMCID: PMC9789979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamical control of the coupling strengths between dressed states and probe photon states is demonstrated with a transmon-like artificial atom coupled to two closely spaced resonant modes. When the atom is driven with one mode, the atom state and driving photon states form the so-called dressed states. Dressed states with sideband index up to 3 were prepared and probed via the strong coupling to the other resonant mode. Spectroscopy reveals that the coupling strengths are "dressed" and can be modulated by the power and sideband index of the driving. The transmission of the probe tone is modulated by the driving microwave amplitude with a Bessel behavior, displaying multi-photon process associated with the inter-atomic level transitions.
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5
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Ma L, Lei X, Yan J, Li R, Chai T, Yan Z, Jia X, Xie C, Peng K. High-performance cavity-enhanced quantum memory with warm atomic cell. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2368. [PMID: 35501315 PMCID: PMC9061733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHigh-performance quantum memory for quantized states of light is a prerequisite building block of quantum information technology. Despite great progresses of optical quantum memories based on interactions of light and atoms, physical features of these memories still cannot satisfy requirements for applications in practical quantum information systems, since all of them suffer from trade-off between memory efficiency and excess noise. Here, we report a high-performance cavity-enhanced electromagnetically-induced-transparency memory with warm atomic cell in which a scheme of optimizing the spatial and temporal modes based on the time-reversal approach is applied. The memory efficiency up to 67 ± 1% is directly measured and a noise level close to quantum noise limit is simultaneously reached. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the average fidelities for a set of input coherent states with different phases and amplitudes within a Gaussian distribution have exceeded the classical benchmark fidelities. Thus the realized quantum memory platform has been capable of preserving quantized optical states, and is ready to be applied in quantum information systems, such as distributed quantum logic gates and quantum-enhanced atomic magnetometry.
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6
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Chien WC, Hsieh YL, Chen CH, Dubyna D, Wu CS, Kuo W. Optical amplification assisted by two-photon processes in a 3-level transmon artificial atom. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:36088-36099. [PMID: 31873395 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.036088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study interactions between two microwave fields mediated by 3-level transmon artificial atom with two-photon processes. The transmon has good selection rule, preventing one-photon transition, but allowing two-photon transition from ground state(0) to 2nd excited state(2). By pumping a control tone in resonance to the transition between 1st(1) and 2nd excited state(2), we control the one-photon transparency for 0 to 1 transition and two-photon transparency for 0 to 2 transition. The results are explained by the Autler-Townes splitting induced by the control microwave. In addition, two possible microwave amplification processes involving two-photon processes are also studied. The 4-wave mixing scheme increases the transmission by 3% while 2-photon optical pumping produces a 11% narrowband increment. All these phenomena can be operated with control and probe tones in a narrow band.
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7
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Vepsäläinen A, Danilin S, Paraoanu GS. Superadiabatic population transfer in a three-level superconducting circuit. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau5999. [PMID: 30783623 PMCID: PMC6368423 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau5999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Adiabatic manipulation of the quantum state is an essential tool in modern quantum information processing. Here, we demonstrate the speedup of the adiabatic population transfer in a three-level superconducting transmon circuit by suppressing the spurious nonadiabatic excitations with an additional two-photon microwave pulse. We apply this superadiabatic method to the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, realizing fast and robust population transfer from the ground state to the second excited state of the quantum circuit.
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8
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Hazard TM, Gyenis A, Di Paolo A, Asfaw AT, Lyon SA, Blais A, Houck AA. Nanowire Superinductance Fluxonium Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:010504. [PMID: 31012689 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.010504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We characterize a fluxonium qubit consisting of a Josephson junction inductively shunted with a NbTiN nanowire superinductance. We explain the measured energy spectrum by means of a multimode theory accounting for the distributed nature of the superinductance and the effect of the circuit nonlinearity to all orders in the Josephson potential. Using multiphoton Raman spectroscopy, we address multiple fluxonium transitions, observe multilevel Autler-Townes splitting and measure an excited state lifetime of T_{1}=20 μs. By measuring T_{1} at different magnetic flux values, we find a crossover in the lifetime limiting mechanism from capacitive to inductive losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Hazard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Gyenis
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Di Paolo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A T Asfaw
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S A Lyon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Blais
- Institut quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Quebec, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1 Ontario, Canada
| | - A A Houck
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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9
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Tan X, Zhao YX, Liu Q, Xue G, Yu HF, Wang ZD, Yu Y. Simulation and Manipulation of Tunable Weyl-Semimetal Bands Using Superconducting Quantum Circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:010501. [PMID: 31012718 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We simulated highly tunable Weyl-semimetal bands using superconducting quantum circuits. Driving the superconducting quantum circuits with microwave fields, we mapped the momentum space of a lattice to the parameter space, realizing the Hamiltonian of a Weyl semimetal. By measuring the energy spectrum, we directly imaged the Weyl points, whose topological winding numbers were further determined from the Berry curvature measurement. In addition, we manipulated the band structure with an additional pump microwave field, producing a momentum-dependent Weyl-point energy together with an artificial magnetic field, which are indispensable for generating chiral magnetic topological currents in some special Weyl semimetals and may have significant impact on topological physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Tan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Y X Zhao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guangming Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hai-Feng Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Z D Wang
- Department of Physics and Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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10
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Ding JH, Huai SN, Ian H, Liu YX. Vacuum induced transparency and photon number resolved Autler-Townes splitting in a three-level system. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29540786 PMCID: PMC5852031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the absorption spectrum of a probe field by a Λ-type three-level system, which is coupled to a quantized control field through the two upper energy levels. The probe field is applied to the ground and the second excited states. When the quantized control field is in vacuum, we derive a threshold condition to discern vacuum induced transparency (VIT) and vacuum induced Autler-Townes splitting (ATS). We also find that the parameter changing from VIT to vacuum induced ATS is very similar to that from broken PT symmetry to PT symmetry. Moreover, we find the photon number resolved spectrum in the parameter regime of vacuum induced ATS when the mean photon number of the quantized control field is changed from zero (vacuum) to a finite number. However, there is no photon number resolved spectrum in the parameter regime of VIT even that the quantized control field contains the finite number of photons. Finally, we further discuss possible experimental realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hao Ding
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Sai-Nan Huai
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hou Ian
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Beijing, 100084, China.
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11
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Long J, Ku HS, Wu X, Gu X, Lake RE, Bal M, Liu YX, Pappas DP. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics with Nested Polariton States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:083602. [PMID: 29543019 PMCID: PMC5983892 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum networks will enable extraordinary capabilities for communicating and processing quantum information. These networks require a reliable means of storage, retrieval, and manipulation of quantum states at the network nodes. A node receives one or more coherent inputs and sends a conditional output to the next cascaded node in the network through a quantum channel. Here, we demonstrate this basic functionality by using the quantum interference mechanism of electromagnetically induced transparency in a transmon qubit coupled to a superconducting resonator. First, we apply a microwave bias, i.e., drive, to the qubit-cavity system to prepare a Λ-type three-level system of polariton states. Second, we input two interchangeable microwave signals, i.e., a probe tone and a control tone, and observe that transmission of the probe tone is conditional upon the presence of the control tone that switches the state of the device with up to 99.73% transmission extinction. Importantly, our electromagnetically induced transparency scheme uses all dipole allowed transitions. We infer high dark state preparation fidelities of >99.39% and negative group velocities of up to -0.52±0.09 km/s based on our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Long
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - H. S. Ku
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Xian Wu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Xiu Gu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Russell E. Lake
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Mustafa Bal
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Yu-xi Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Beijing 100084, China
| | - David P. Pappas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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12
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Silveri MP, Tuorila JA, Thuneberg EV, Paraoanu GS. Quantum systems under frequency modulation. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:056002. [PMID: 28379844 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We review the physical phenomena that arise when quantum mechanical energy levels are modulated in time. The dynamics resulting from changes in the transition frequency is a problem studied since the early days of quantum mechanics. It has been of constant interest both experimentally and theoretically since, with the simple two-state model providing an inexhaustible source of novel concepts. When the transition frequency of a quantum system is modulated, several phenomena can be observed, such as Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana interference, motional averaging and narrowing, and the formation of dressed states with the appearance of sidebands in the spectrum. Adiabatic changes result in the accumulation of geometric phases, which can be used to create topological states. In recent years, an exquisite experimental control in the time domain was gained through the parameters entering the Hamiltonian, and high-fidelity readout schemes allowed the state of the system to be monitored non-destructively. These developments were made in the field of quantum devices, especially in superconducting qubits, as a well as in atomic physics, in particular in ultracold gases. As a result of these advances, it became possible to demonstrate many of the fundamental effects that arise in a quantum system when its transition frequencies are modulated. The purpose of this review is to present some of these developments, from two-state atoms and harmonic oscillators to multilevel and many-particle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Silveri
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland. Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
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13
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14
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Xu HK, Song C, Liu WY, Xue GM, Su FF, Deng H, Tian Y, Zheng DN, Han S, Zhong YP, Wang H, Liu YX, Zhao SP. Coherent population transfer between uncoupled or weakly coupled states in ladder-type superconducting qutrits. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11018. [PMID: 27009972 PMCID: PMC4820826 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage offers significant advantages for coherent population transfer between uncoupled or weakly coupled states and has the potential of realizing efficient quantum gate, qubit entanglement and quantum information transfer. Here we report on the realization of the process in the superconducting Xmon and phase qutrits—two ladder-type three-level systems in which the ground state population is coherently transferred to the second excited state via the dark state subspace. We demonstrate that the population transfer efficiency is no less than 96% and 67% for the two devices, which agree well with the numerical simulation of the master equation. Population transfer via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage is significantly more robust against variations of the experimental parameters compared with that via the conventional resonant π pulse method. Our work opens up a new venue for exploring the process for quantum information processing using the superconducting artificial atoms. Quantum state engineering necessitates transfer between quantum states. Here the authors demonstrate coherent population transfer between un- or weakly-coupled states of solid state systems, superconducting Xmon and phase qutrits, using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and microwave driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - C Song
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - W Y Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - G M Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - F F Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - D N Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Siyuan Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Y P Zhong
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yu-xi Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Beijing 100084, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
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15
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Kumar KS, Vepsäläinen A, Danilin S, Paraoanu GS. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a three-level superconducting circuit. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10628. [PMID: 26902454 PMCID: PMC4766393 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The adiabatic manipulation of quantum states is a powerful technique that opened up new directions in quantum engineering—enabling tests of fundamental concepts such as geometrical phases and topological transitions, and holding the promise of alternative models of quantum computation. Here we benchmark the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage for circuit quantum electrodynamics by employing the first three levels of a transmon qubit. In this ladder configuration, we demonstrate a population transfer efficiency >80% between the ground state and the second excited state using two adiabatic Gaussian-shaped control microwave pulses. By doing quantum tomography at successive moments during the Raman pulses, we investigate the transfer of the population in time domain. Furthermore, we show that this protocol can be reversed by applying a third adiabatic pulse, we study a hybrid nondiabatic–adiabatic sequence, and we present experimental results for a quasi-degenerate intermediate level. The precise control and manipulation of the states of a multi-level quantum system are fundamental for quantum information processing. Here, the authors demonstrate the robust adiabatic manipulation of the quantum states of a superconducting circuit via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kumar
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - A Vepsäläinen
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - S Danilin
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - G S Paraoanu
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
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16
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Jamonneau P, Hétet G, Dréau A, Roch JF, Jacques V. Coherent Population Trapping of a Single Nuclear Spin Under Ambient Conditions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:043603. [PMID: 26871331 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.043603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate coherent population trapping of a single nuclear spin in a room-temperature solid. To this end, we exploit a three-level system with a Λ configuration in the microwave domain, which consists of nuclear spin states addressed through their hyperfine coupling to the electron spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond. Moreover, the Λ-scheme relaxation is externally controlled through incoherent optical pumping and separated in time from consecutive coherent microwave excitations. Such a scheme allows us (i) to monitor the sequential accumulation of population into the dark state and (ii) to reach a novel regime of coherent population trapping dynamics for which periodic arrays of dark resonances can be observed, owing to multiple constructive interferences. This Letter offers new prospects for quantum state preparation, information storage in hybrid quantum systems, and metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jamonneau
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Hétet
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot and Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Dréau
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - J-F Roch
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - V Jacques
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
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17
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Su QP, Yang CP, Zheng SB. Fast and simple scheme for generating NOON states of photons in circuit QED. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3898. [PMID: 24469334 PMCID: PMC3904151 DOI: 10.1038/srep03898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation, manipulation and fundamental understanding of entanglement lies at very heart of quantum mechanics. Among various types of entangled states, the NOON states are a kind of special quantum entangled states with two orthogonal component states in maximal superposition, which have a wide range of potential applications in quantum communication and quantum information processing. Here, we propose a fast and simple scheme for generating NOON states of photons in two superconducting resonators by using a single superconducting transmon qutrit. Because only one superconducting qutrit and two resonators are used, the experimental setup for this scheme is much simplified when compared with the previous proposals requiring a setup of two superconducting qutrits and three cavities. In addition, this scheme is easier and faster to implement than the previous proposals, which require using a complex microwave pulse, or a small pulse Rabi frequency in order to avoid nonresonant transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ping Su
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Chui-Ping Yang
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shi-Biao Zheng
- Department of Physics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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18
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Koshino K, Terai H, Inomata K, Yamamoto T, Qiu W, Wang Z, Nakamura Y. Observation of the three-state dressed states in circuit quantum electrodynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:263601. [PMID: 23848874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.263601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the microwave response of a transmon qubit coupled directly to a transmission line. In a transmon qubit, owing to its weak anharmonicity, a single driving field may generate dressed states involving more than two bare states. We confirmed the formation of three-state dressed states by observing all of the six associated Rabi sidebands, which appear as either amplification or attenuation of the probe field. The experimental results are reproduced with good precision by a theoretical model incorporating the radiative coupling between the qubit and the microwave.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koshino
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
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19
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Thomas R, Kupchak C, Agarwal GS, Lvovsky AI. Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency in evanescent fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:6880-6888. [PMID: 23546070 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.006880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We observe and investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, electromagnetically-induced transparency experienced by evanescent fields arising due to total internal reflection from an interface of glass and hot rubidium vapor. This phenomenon manifests itself as a non-Lorentzian peak in the reflectivity spectrum, which features a sharp cusp with a sub-natural width of about 1 MHz. The width of the peak is independent of the thickness of the interaction region, which indicates that the main source of decoherence is likely due to collisions with the cell walls rather than diffusion of atoms. With the inclusion of a coherence-preserving wall coating, this system could be used as an ultra-compact frequency reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thomas
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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20
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Leung PM, Sanders BC. Coherent control of microwave pulse storage in superconducting circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:253603. [PMID: 23368461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.253603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Coherent pulse control for quantum memory is viable in the optical domain but nascent in microwave quantum circuits. We show how to realize coherent storage and on-demand pulse retrieval entirely within a superconducting circuit by exploiting and extending existing electromagnetically induced transparency technology in superconducting quantum circuits. Our scheme employs a linear array of superconducting artificial atoms coupled to a microwave transmission line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Leung
- Institute for Quantum Information Science, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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21
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Li J, Paraoanu GS, Cicak K, Altomare F, Park JI, Simmonds RW, Sillanpää MA, Hakonen PJ. Dynamical Autler-Townes control of a phase qubit. Sci Rep 2012; 2:645. [PMID: 22966420 PMCID: PMC3437518 DOI: 10.1038/srep00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Routers, switches, and repeaters are essential components of modern information-processing systems. Similar devices will be needed in future superconducting quantum computers. In this work we investigate experimentally the time evolution of Autler-Townes splitting in a superconducting phase qubit under the application of a control tone resonantly coupled to the second transition. A three-level model that includes independently determined parameters for relaxation and dephasing gives excellent agreement with the experiment. The results demonstrate that the qubit can be used as a ON/OFF switch with 100 ns operating time-scale for the reflection/transmission of photons coming from an applied probe microwave tone. The ON state is realized when the control tone is sufficiently strong to generate an Autler-Townes doublet, suppressing the absorption of the probe tone photons and resulting in a maximum of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, Aalto University, PO Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland.
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22
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23
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Lang C, Bozyigit D, Eichler C, Steffen L, Fink JM, Abdumalikov AA, Baur M, Filipp S, da Silva MP, Blais A, Wallraff A. Observation of resonant photon blockade at microwave frequencies using correlation function measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:243601. [PMID: 21770569 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Creating a train of single photons and monitoring its propagation and interaction is challenging in most physical systems, as photons generally interact very weakly with other systems. However, when confining microwave frequency photons in a transmission line resonator, effective photon-photon interactions can be mediated by qubits embedded in the resonator. Here, we observe the phenomenon of photon blockade through second-order correlation function measurements. The experiments clearly demonstrate antibunching in a continuously pumped source of single microwave photons measured by using microwave beam splitters, linear amplifiers, and quadrature amplitude detectors. We also investigate resonance fluorescence and Rayleigh scattering in Mollow-triplet-like spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lang
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Tuorila J, Silveri M, Sillanpää M, Thuneberg E, Makhlin Y, Hakonen P. Stark effect and generalized Bloch-Siegert shift in a strongly driven two-level system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:257003. [PMID: 21231615 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.257003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A superconducting qubit was driven in an ultrastrong fashion by an oscillatory microwave field, which was created by coupling via the nonlinear Josephson energy. The observed Stark shifts of the "atomic" levels are so pronounced that corrections even beyond the lowest-order Bloch-Siegert shift are needed to properly explain the measurements. The quasienergies of the dressed two-level system were probed by resonant absorption via a cavity, and the results are in agreement with a calculation based on the Floquet approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Tuorila
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
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25
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Bianchetti R, Filipp S, Baur M, Fink JM, Lang C, Steffen L, Boissonneault M, Blais A, Wallraff A. Control and tomography of a three level superconducting artificial atom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:223601. [PMID: 21231385 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A number of superconducting qubits, such as the transmon or the phase qubit, have an energy level structure with small anharmonicity. This allows for convenient access of higher excited states with similar frequencies. However, special care has to be taken to avoid unwanted higher-level populations when using short control pulses. Here we demonstrate the preparation of arbitrary three level superposition states using optimal control techniques in a transmon. Performing dispersive readout, we extract the populations of all three levels of the qutrit and study the coherence of its excited states. Finally we demonstrate full quantum state tomography of the prepared qutrit states and evaluate the fidelities of a set of states, finding on average 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bianchetti
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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26
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Wagner M, Schneider H, Stehr D, Winnerl S, Andrews AM, Schartner S, Strasser G, Helm M. Observation of the intraexciton Autler-Townes effect in GaAs/AlGaAs semiconductor quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:167401. [PMID: 21231010 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The near-infrared transmission of a semiconductor multiple quantum well is probed under intense terahertz illumination. We observe clear evidence of the intraexcitonic Autler-Townes effect when the terahertz beam is tuned near the 1s-2p transition of the heavy-hole exciton. The strongly coupled effective two-level system has been driven with terahertz field strengths of up to 10 kV/cm resulting in a Rabi energy of ≈0.6 times the transition energy. The induced near-infrared spectral changes at low intensities are qualitatively explained using a basic two-level model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wagner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
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27
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Joo J, Bourassa J, Blais A, Sanders BC. Electromagnetically induced transparency with amplification in superconducting circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:073601. [PMID: 20868042 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We show that controlling relative phases of electromagnetic fields driving an atom with a Δ-configuration energy-level structure enables optical susceptibility to be engineered in novel ways. In particular, relative-phase control can yield electromagnetically induced transparency but with the benefit that the transparency window is sandwiched between an absorption and an amplification band rather than between two absorption bands in typical electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that this new phenomenon is achievable for a microwave field interacting with a fluxonium superconducting circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Joo
- Institute for Quantum Information Science, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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28
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Abdumalikov AA, Astafiev O, Zagoskin AM, Pashkin YA, Nakamura Y, Tsai JS. Electromagnetically induced transparency on a single artificial atom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:193601. [PMID: 20866963 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.193601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) on a single macroscopic artificial "atom" (superconducting quantum system) coupled to open 1D space of a transmission line. Unlike in an optical media with many atoms, the single-atom EIT in 1D space is revealed in suppression of reflection of electromagnetic waves, rather than absorption. The observed almost 100% modulation of the reflection and transmission of propagating microwaves demonstrates full controllability of individual artificial atoms and a possibility to manipulate the atomic states. The system can be used as a switchable mirror of microwaves and opens a good perspective for its applications in photonic quantum information processing and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Abdumalikov
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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29
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Kelly WR, Dutton Z, Schlafer J, Mookerji B, Ohki TA, Kline JS, Pappas DP. Direct observation of coherent population trapping in a superconducting artificial atom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:163601. [PMID: 20482047 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.163601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of coherent population trapping (CPT) of an atom (or solid state "artificial atom"), and the associated effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), are clear demonstrations of quantum interference due to coherence in multilevel quantum systems. We report observation of CPT in a superconducting phase qubit by simultaneously driving two coherent transitions in a Lambda-type configuration, utilizing the three lowest lying levels of a local minimum of a phase qubit. We observe 60(+/-7)% suppression of the excited state population under conditions of CPT resonance. We present data and matching theoretical simulations showing the development of CPT in time. Finally, we used the observed time dependence of the excited state population to characterize quantum dephasing times of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Kelly
- Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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