1
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Kanungo SK, Whalen JD, Lu Y, Yuan M, Dasgupta S, Dunning FB, Hazzard KRA, Killian TC. Realizing topological edge states with Rydberg-atom synthetic dimensions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:972. [PMID: 35190541 PMCID: PMC8861171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A discrete degree of freedom can be engineered to match the Hamiltonian of particles moving in a real-space lattice potential. Such synthetic dimensions are powerful tools for quantum simulation because of the control they offer and the ability to create configurations difficult to access in real space. Here, in an ultracold 84Sr atom, we demonstrate a synthetic-dimension based on Rydberg levels coupled with millimeter waves. Tunneling amplitudes between synthetic lattice sites and on-site potentials are set by the millimeter-wave amplitudes and detunings respectively. Alternating weak and strong tunneling in a one-dimensional configuration realizes the single-particle Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) Hamiltonian, a paradigmatic model of topological matter. Band structure is probed through optical excitation from the ground state to Rydberg levels, revealing symmetry-protected topological edge states at zero energy. Edge-state energies are robust to perturbations of tunneling-rates that preserve chiral symmetry, but can be shifted by the introduction of on-site potentials. Synthetic dimensions, states of a system engineered to act as if they were a reconfigurable extra spatial dimension, have been demonstrated with different systems previously. Here the authors create a synthetic dimension using Rydberg atoms and configure it to support topological edge states.
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2
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Zhao B, Pan JW. Quantum control of reactions and collisions at ultralow temperatures. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1685-1701. [PMID: 35169822 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
At temperatures close to absolute zero, the molecular reactions and collisions are dominantly governed by quantum mechanics. Remarkable quantum phenomena such as quantum tunneling, quantum threshold behavior, quantum resonances, quantum interference, and quantum statistics are expected to be the main features in ultracold reactions and collisions. Ultracold molecules offer great opportunities and challenges in the study of these intriguing quantum phenomena in molecular processes. In this article, we review the recent progress in the preparation of ultracold molecules and the study of ultracold reactions and collisions using ultracold molecules. We focus on the controlled ultracold chemistry and the scattering resonances at ultralow temperatures. The challenges in understanding the complex ultracold reactions and collisions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. .,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. .,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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3
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Sitaram A, Elgee PK, Campbell GK, Klimov NN, Eckel S, Barker DS. Confinement of an alkaline-earth element in a grating magneto-optical trap. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:103202. [PMID: 33138581 DOI: 10.1063/5.0019551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a compact magneto-optical trap (MOT) of alkaline-earth atoms using a nanofabricated diffraction grating chip. A single input laser beam, resonant with the broad 1S0 → 1P1 transition of strontium, forms the MOT in combination with three diffracted beams from the grating chip and a magnetic field produced by permanent magnets. A differential pumping tube limits the effect of the heated, effusive source on the background pressure in the trapping region. The system has a total volume of around 2.4 l. With our setup, we have trapped up to 5 × 106 88Sr atoms at a temperature of ∼6 mK, and with a trap lifetime of ∼1 s. Our results will aid the effort to miniaturize quantum technologies based on alkaline-earth atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sitaram
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - P K Elgee
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - G K Campbell
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - N N Klimov
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - S Eckel
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - D S Barker
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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4
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Ladjimi H, Farjallah M, Mlika R, Allouche AR, Berriche H. Ab initio calculations of electronic structure of the BaCs molecule: adiabatic potential energy curves, spectroscopic constants, spin–orbit effect and permanent and transition electric dipole moments. Theor Chem Acc 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-019-2443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Cybulski H. Ab initio studies of the ground and first excited states of the Sr-H 2 and Yb-H 2 complexes. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:064316. [PMID: 30769965 DOI: 10.1063/1.5052653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate intermolecular potential-energy surfaces (IPESs) for the ground and first excited states of the Sr-H2 and Yb-H2 complexes were calculated. After an extensive methodological study, the coupled cluster with single, double, and non-iterative triple excitation method with the Douglas-Kroll-Hess Hamiltonian and correlation-consistent basis sets of triple-ζ quality extended with 2 sets of diffuse functions and a set of midbond functions were chosen. The obtained ground-state IPESs are similar in both complexes, being relatively isotropic with two minima and two transition states (equivalent by symmetry). The global minima correspond to the collinear geometries with R = 5.45 and 5.10 Å and energies of -27.7 and -31.7 cm-1 for the Sr-H2 and Yb-H2 systems, respectively. The calculated surfaces for the Sr(3P)-H2 and Yb(3P)-H2 states are deeper and more anisotropic, and they exhibit similar patterns within both complexes. The deepest surfaces, where the singly occupied p-orbital of the metal atom is perpendicular to the intermolecular axis, are characterised by the global minima of ca. -2053 and -2260 cm-1 in the T-shape geometries at R = 2.41 and 2.29 Å for Sr-H2 and Yb-H2, respectively. Additional calculations for the complexes of Sr and Yb with the He atom revealed a similar, strong dependence of the interaction energy on the orientation of the p-orbital in the Sr(3P)-He and Yb(3P)-He states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Cybulski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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6
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Whalen JD, Ding R, Kanungo SK, Killian TC, Yoshida S, Burgdörfer J, Dunning FB. Formation of ultralong-range fermionic Rydberg molecules in 87Sr: role of quantum statistics. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1575485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Whalen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R. Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S. K. Kanungo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T. C. Killian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S. Yoshida
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - J. Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - F. B. Dunning
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Urbańczyk T, Strojecki M, Krośnicki M, Kędziorski A, Żuchowski PS, Koperski J. Interatomic potentials of metal dimers: probing agreement between experiment and advancedab initiocalculations for van der Waals dimer Cd2. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2017.1337371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Urbańczyk
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M. Strojecki
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M. Krośnicki
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A. Kędziorski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - P. S. Żuchowski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - J. Koperski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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8
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Gaul C, DeSalvo BJ, Aman JA, Dunning FB, Killian TC, Pohl T. Resonant Rydberg Dressing of Alkaline-Earth Atoms via Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:243001. [PMID: 27367387 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We develop an approach to generate finite-range atomic interactions via optical Rydberg-state excitation and study the underlying excitation dynamics in theory and experiment. In contrast to previous work, the proposed scheme is based on resonant optical driving and the establishment of a dark state under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Analyzing the driven dissipative dynamics of the atomic gas, we show that the interplay between coherent light coupling, radiative decay, and strong Rydberg-Rydberg atom interactions leads to the emergence of sizable effective interactions while providing remarkably long coherence times. The latter are studied experimentally in a cold gas of strontium atoms for which the proposed scheme is most efficient. Our measured atom loss is in agreement with the theoretical prediction based on binary effective interactions between the driven atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gaul
- Max-Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - B J DeSalvo
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - J A Aman
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - F B Dunning
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - T C Killian
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - T Pohl
- Max-Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Pagett CJH, Moriya PH, Celistrino Teixeira R, Shiozaki RF, Hemmerling M, Courteille PW. Injection locking of a low cost high power laser diode at 461 nm. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:053105. [PMID: 27250390 DOI: 10.1063/1.4947462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stable laser sources at 461 nm are important for optical cooling of strontium atoms. In most existing experiments, this wavelength is obtained by frequency doubling infrared lasers, since blue laser diodes either have low power or large emission bandwidths. Here, we show that injecting less than 10 mW of monomode laser radiation into a blue multimode 500 mW high power laser diode is capable of slaving at least 50% of the power to the desired frequency. We verify the emission bandwidth reduction by saturation spectroscopy on a strontium gas cell and by direct beating of the slave with the master laser. We also demonstrate that the laser can efficiently be used within the Zeeman slower for optical cooling of a strontium atomic beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J H Pagett
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - P H Moriya
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - R Celistrino Teixeira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - R F Shiozaki
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M Hemmerling
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ph W Courteille
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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10
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Vainio M, Halonen L. Mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators and frequency combs for molecular spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:4266-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07052j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Review of mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators and frequency combs for high-resolution spectroscopy, including applications in trace gas detection and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Vainio
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
| | - L. Halonen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
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11
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Teodoro TQ, Haiduke RLA, Dammalapati U, Knoop S, Visscher L. The ground-state potential energy curve of the radium dimer from relativistic coupled cluster calculations. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:084307. [PMID: 26328843 DOI: 10.1063/1.4929348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential energy curve for the ground-state of radium dimer (Ra2) is provided by means of atomic and molecular relativistic coupled cluster calculations. The short-range part of this curve is defined by an equilibrium bond length of 5.324 Å, a dissociation energy of 897 cm(-1), and a harmonic vibrational frequency of 20.5 cm(-1). The asymptotic behavior at large interatomic distances is characterized by the van der Waals coefficients C6 = 5.090 × 10(3), C8 = 6.978 × 10(5), and C10 = 8.786 × 10(7) atomic units. The two regions are matched in an analytical potential to provide a convenient representation for use in further calculations, for instance, to model cold collisions between radium atoms. This might become relevant in future experiments on ultracold, optically trapped, radioactive radium atoms that are used to search for a permanent electric dipole moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Quevedo Teodoro
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Luiz Andrade Haiduke
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador São-Carlense Avenue, 400-CP 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Steven Knoop
- LaserLab, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Cazalilla MA, Rey AM. Ultracold Fermi gases with emergent SU(N) symmetry. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:124401. [PMID: 25429615 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/12/124401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We review recent experimental and theoretical progress on ultracold alkaline-earth Fermi gases with emergent SU(N) symmetry. Emphasis is placed on describing the ground-breaking experimental achievements of recent years. The latter include (1) the cooling to below quantum degeneracy of various isotopes of ytterbium and strontium, (2) the demonstration of optical Feshbach resonances and the optical Stern-Gerlach effect, (3) the realization of a Mott insulator of (173)Yb atoms, (4) the creation of various kinds of Fermi-Bose mixtures and (5) the observation of many-body physics in optical lattice clocks. On the theory side, we survey the zoo of phases that have been predicted for both gases in a trap and loaded into an optical lattice, focusing on two and three dimensional systems. We also discuss some of the challenges that lie ahead for the realization of such phases such as reaching the temperature scale required to observe magnetic and more exotic quantum orders. The challenge of dealing with collisional relaxation of excited electronic levels is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Cazalilla
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University and National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Hsinchu City, Taiwan. Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel de Lardizabal, 4. 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
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13
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Krois G, Pototschnig JV, Lackner F, Ernst WE. Spectroscopy of cold LiCa molecules formed on helium nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13719-31. [PMID: 24028555 PMCID: PMC3871282 DOI: 10.1021/jp407818k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the formation of mixed alkali-alkaline earth molecules (LiCa) on helium nanodroplets and present a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the ground and excited states of LiCa. Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight (REMPI-TOF) spectroscopy and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy were used for the experimental investigation of LiCa from 15000 to 25500 cm(-1). The 4(2)Σ(+) and 3(2)Π states show a vibrational structure accompanied by distinct phonon wings, which allows us to determine molecular parameters as well as to study the interaction of the molecule with the helium droplet. Higher excited states (4(2)Π, 5(2)Σ(+), 5(2)Π, and 6(2)Σ(+)) are not vibrationally resolved and vibronic transitions start to overlap. The experimental spectrum is well reproduced by high-level ab initio calculations. By using a multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) approach, we calculated the 19 lowest lying potential energy curves (PECs) of the LiCa molecule. On the basis of these calculations, we could identify previously unobserved transitions. Our results demonstrate that the helium droplet isolation approach is a powerful method for the characterization of tailor-made alkali-alkaline earth molecules. In this way, important contributions can be made to the search for optimal pathways toward the creation of ultracold alkali-alkaline earth ground state molecules from the corresponding atomic species. Furthermore, a test for PECs calculated by ab initio methods is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Krois
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johann V. Pototschnig
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Lackner
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang E. Ernst
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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14
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Lang TC, Meng ZY, Muramatsu A, Wessel S, Assaad FF. Dimerized solids and resonating plaquette order in SU(N)-Dirac fermions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:066401. [PMID: 23971594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.066401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the quantum phases of fermions with an explicit SU(N)-symmetric, Heisenberg-like nearest-neighbor flavor exchange interaction on the honeycomb lattice at half filling. Employing projective (zero temperature) quantum Monte Carlo simulations for even values of N, we explore the evolution from a weak-coupling semimetal into the strong-coupling, insulating regime. Furthermore, we compare our numerical results to a saddle-point approximation in the large-N limit. From the large-N regime down to the SU(6) case, the insulating state is found to be a columnar valence bond crystal, with a direct transition to the semimetal at weak, finite coupling, in agreement with the mean-field result in the large-N limit. At SU(4) however, the insulator exhibits a subtly different valence bond crystal structure, stabilized by resonating valence bond plaquettes. In the SU(2) limit, our results support a direct transition between the semimetal and an antiferromagnetic insulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Lang
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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15
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Bannasch G, Killian TC, Pohl T. Strongly coupled plasmas via Rydberg blockade of cold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:253003. [PMID: 23829735 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.253003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a new scheme to produce ultracold neutral plasmas deep in the strongly coupled regime. The method exploits the interaction blockade between cold atoms excited to high-lying Rydberg states and therefore does not require substantial extensions of current ultracold plasma experiments. Extensive simulations reveal a universal behavior of the resulting Coulomb coupling parameter, providing a direct connection between the physics of strongly correlated Rydberg gases and ultracold plasmas. The approach is shown to reduce currently accessible temperatures by more than an order of magnitude, which opens up a new regime for ultracold plasma research and cold ion-beam applications with readily available experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bannasch
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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16
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Shimada Y, Chida Y, Ohtsubo N, Aoki T, Takeuchi M, Kuga T, Torii Y. A simplified 461-nm laser system using blue laser diodes and a hollow cathode lamp for laser cooling of Sr. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:063101. [PMID: 23822327 PMCID: PMC3689831 DOI: 10.1063/1.4808246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We develop a simplified light source at 461 nm for laser cooling of Sr without frequency-doubling crystals but with blue laser diodes. An anti-reflection coated blue laser diode in an external cavity (Littrow) configuration provides an output power of 40 mW at 461 nm. Another blue laser diode is used to amplify the laser power up to 110 mW by injection locking. For frequency stabilization, we demonstrate modulation-free polarization spectroscopy of Sr in a hollow cathode lamp. The simplification of the laser system achieved in this work is of great importance for the construction of transportable optical lattice clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Shimada
- Institute of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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17
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Dörscher S, Thobe A, Hundt B, Kochanke A, Le Targat R, Windpassinger P, Becker C, Sengstock K. Creation of quantum-degenerate gases of ytterbium in a compact 2D-/3D-magneto-optical trap setup. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:043109. [PMID: 23635183 DOI: 10.1063/1.4802682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first experimental setup based on a 2D-/3D-magneto-optical trap (MOT) scheme to create both Bose-Einstein condensates and degenerate Fermi gases of several ytterbium isotopes. Our setup does not require a Zeeman slower and offers the flexibility to simultaneously produce ultracold samples of other atomic species. Furthermore, the extraordinary optical access favors future experiments in optical lattices. A 2D-MOT on the strong (1)S0 → (1)P1 transition captures ytterbium directly from a dispenser of atoms and loads a 3D-MOT on the narrow (1)S0 → (3)P1 intercombination transition. Subsequently, atoms are transferred to a crossed optical dipole trap and cooled evaporatively to quantum degeneracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Dörscher
- Institut für Laserphysik, Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
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18
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Yan M, DeSalvo BJ, Ramachandhran B, Pu H, Killian TC. Controlling condensate collapse and expansion with an optical Feshbach resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:123201. [PMID: 25166803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate control of the collapse and expansion of an (88)Sr Bose-Einstein condensate using an optical Feshbach resonance near the (1)S(0)-(3)P(1) intercombination transition at 689 nm. Significant changes in dynamics are caused by modifications of scattering length by up to ± 10a(bg), where the background scattering length of (88)Sr is a(bg) = -2a(0) (1a(0) = 0.053 nm). Changes in scattering length are monitored through changes in the size of the condensate after a time-of-flight measurement. Because the background scattering length is close to zero, blue detuning of the optical Feshbach resonance laser with respect to a photoassociative resonance leads to increased interaction energy and a faster condensate expansion, whereas red detuning triggers a collapse of the condensate. The results are modeled with the time-dependent nonlinear Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - B J DeSalvo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - B Ramachandhran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - H Pu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - T C Killian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
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19
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Knöckel H, Rühmann S, Tiemann E. The X1Σg+ ground state of Mg2 studied by Fourier-transform spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:094303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4792725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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20
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Bonnes L, Hazzard KRA, Manmana SR, Rey AM, Wessel S. Adiabatic loading of one-dimensional SU(N) alkaline-earth-atom fermions in optical lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:205305. [PMID: 23215502 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.205305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold fermionic alkaline earth atoms confined in optical lattices realize Hubbard models with internal SU(N) symmetries, where N can be as large as ten. Such systems are expected to harbor exotic magnetic physics at temperatures below the superexchange energy scale. Employing quantum Monte Carlo simulations to access the low-temperature regime of one-dimensional chains, we show that after adiabatically loading a weakly interacting gas into the strongly interacting regime of an optical lattice, the final temperature decreases with increasing N. Furthermore, we estimate the temperature scale required to probe correlations associated with low-temperature SU(N) magnetism. Our findings are encouraging for the exploration of exotic large-N magnetic states in ongoing experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bonnes
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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21
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Stellmer S, Pasquiou B, Grimm R, Schreck F. Creation of ultracold Sr(2) molecules in the electronic ground state. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:115302. [PMID: 23005642 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.115302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the creation of ultracold (84)Sr(2) molecules in the electronic ground state. The molecules are formed from atom pairs on sites of an optical lattice using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). We achieve a transfer efficiency of 30% and obtain 4×10(4) molecules with full control over the external and internal quantum state. STIRAP is performed near the narrow (1)S(0)-(3)P(1) intercombination transition, using a vibrational level of the 1(0(u)(+)) potential as an intermediate state. In preparation of our molecule association scheme, we have determined the binding energies of the last vibrational levels of the 1(0(u)(+)), 1(1(u)) excited-state and the X (1)Σ(g)(+) ground-state potentials. Our work overcomes the previous limitation of STIRAP schemes to systems with magnetic Feshbach resonances, thereby establishing a route that is applicable to many systems beyond alkali-metal dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stellmer
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Akamatsu D, Nakajima Y, Inaba H, Hosaka K, Yasuda M, Onae A, Hong FL. Narrow linewidth laser system realized by linewidth transfer using a fiber-based frequency comb for the magneto-optical trapping of strontium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:16010-16016. [PMID: 22772290 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.016010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A narrow linewidth diode laser system at 689 nm is realized by phase-locking an extended cavity diode laser to one tooth of a narrow linewidth optical frequency comb. The optical frequency comb is phase-locked to a narrow linewidth laser at 1064 nm, which is frequency stabilized to a high-finesse optical cavity. We demonstrate the magneto-optical trapping of Sr using an intercombination transition with the developed laser system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Akamatsu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 3, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan.
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23
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Skomorowski W, Pawłowski F, Koch CP, Moszynski R. Rovibrational dynamics of the strontium molecule in the AΣu+1, c3Πu, and aΣu+3 manifold from state-of-the-art ab initio calculations. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:194306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4713939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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24
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Blume D. Few-body physics with ultracold atomic and molecular systems in traps. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:046401. [PMID: 22790507 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/4/046401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Few-body physics has played a prominent role in atomic, molecular and nuclear physics since the early days of quantum mechanics. It is now possible-thanks to tremendous progress in cooling, trapping and manipulating ultracold samples-to experimentally study few-body phenomena in trapped atomic and molecular systems with unprecedented control. This review summarizes recent studies of few-body phenomena in trapped atomic and molecular gases, with an emphasis on small trapped systems. We start by introducing the free-space scattering properties and then investigate what happens when two particles, bosons or fermions, are placed in an external confinement. Next, various three-body systems are treated analytically in limiting cases. Our current understanding of larger two-component Fermi systems and Bose systems is reviewed, and connections with the corresponding bulk systems are established. Lastly, future prospects and challenges are discussed. Throughout this review, commonalities with other systems such as nuclei or quantum dots are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Blume
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2814, USA
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25
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Boada O, Celi A, Latorre JI, Lewenstein M. Quantum simulation of an extra dimension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:133001. [PMID: 22540696 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a general strategy to simulate a D+1-dimensional quantum system using a D-dimensional one. We analyze in detail a feasible implementation of our scheme using optical lattice technology. The simplest nontrivial realization of a fourth dimension corresponds to the creation of a bi-volume geometry. We also propose single- and many-particle experimental signatures to detect the effects of the extra dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Boada
- Departament d'Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria, Universitat de Barcelona, 647 Diagonal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Lu M, Burdick NQ, Youn SH, Lev BL. Strongly dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate of dysprosium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:190401. [PMID: 22181585 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.190401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of the most magnetic element, dysprosium. The Dy BEC is the first for an open f-shell lanthanide (rare-earth) element and is produced via forced evaporation in a crossed optical dipole trap loaded by an unusual, blue-detuned and spin-polarized narrowline magneto-optical trap. Nearly pure condensates of 1.5 × 10(4) (164)Dy atoms form below T = 30 nK. We observe that stable BEC formation depends on the relative angle of a small polarizing magnetic field to the axis of the oblate trap, a property of trapped condensates only expected in the strongly dipolar regime. This regime was heretofore only attainable in Cr BECs via a Feshbach resonance accessed at a high-magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwu Lu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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27
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Jensen BB, Ming H, Westergaard PG, Gunnarsson K, Madsen MH, Brusch A, Hald J, Thomsen JW. Experimental determination of the ²⁴Mg I (3s3p)³P₂ lifetime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:113001. [PMID: 22026659 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present the first experimental determination of the electric-dipole forbidden (3s3p)³P₂→(3s²)¹S₀ (M2) transition rate in ²⁴Mg and compare to state-of-the-art theoretical predictions. Our measurement exploits a magnetic trap isolating the sample from perturbations and a magneto-optical trap as an amplifier converting each ³P₂→¹S₀ decay event into millions of photons readily detected. The transition rate is determined to be (4.87 ± 0.3)×10⁻⁴ s⁻¹ corresponding to a ³P₂ lifetime of 2050(-110)(+140) sec. This value is in agreement with recent theoretical predictions, and to our knowledge the longest lifetime ever determined in a laboratory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Jensen
- The Niels Bohr Institute, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Blatt S, Nicholson TL, Bloom BJ, Williams JR, Thomsen JW, Julienne PS, Ye J. Measurement of optical Feshbach resonances in an ideal gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:073202. [PMID: 21902391 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.073202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using a narrow intercombination line in alkaline earth atoms to mitigate large inelastic losses, we explore the optical Feshbach resonance effect in an ultracold gas of bosonic (88)Sr. A systematic measurement of three resonances allows precise determinations of the optical Feshbach resonance strength and scaling law, in agreement with coupled-channel theory. Resonant enhancement of the complex scattering length leads to thermalization mediated by elastic and inelastic collisions in an otherwise ideal gas. Optical Feshbach resonance could be used to control atomic interactions with high spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blatt
- JILA and Department of Physics, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309-0440, USA
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29
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Tomza M, Pawłowski F, Jeziorska M, Koch CP, Moszynski R. Formation of ultracold SrYb molecules in an optical lattice by photoassociation spectroscopy: theoretical prospects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18893-904. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21196j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Tóth TA, Läuchli AM, Mila F, Penc K. Three-sublattice ordering of the SU(3) Heisenberg model of three-flavor fermions on the square and cubic lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:265301. [PMID: 21231674 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.265301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Combining a semiclassical analysis with exact diagonalizations, we show that the ground state of the SU(3) Heisenberg model on the square lattice develops three-sublattice long-range order. This surprising pattern for a bipartite lattice with only nearest-neighbor interactions is shown to be the consequence of a subtle quantum order-by-disorder mechanism. By contrast, thermal fluctuations favor two-sublattice configurations via entropic selection. These results are shown to extend to the cubic lattice, and experimental implications for the Mott-insulating states of three-flavor fermionic atoms in optical lattices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás A Tóth
- Institut de théorie des phénomènes physiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Zuchowski PS, Aldegunde J, Hutson JM. Ultracold RbSr molecules can be formed by magnetoassociation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:153201. [PMID: 21230899 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the interactions between ultracold alkali-metal atoms and closed-shell atoms using electronic structure calculations on the prototype system Rb+Sr. There are molecular bound states that can be tuned across atomic thresholds with a magnetic field and previously neglected terms in the collision Hamiltonian that can produce zero-energy Feshbach resonances with significant widths. The largest effect comes from the interaction-induced variation of the Rb hyperfine coupling. The resonances may be used to form paramagnetic polar molecules if the magnetic field can be controlled precisely enough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr S Zuchowski
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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32
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DeSalvo BJ, Yan M, Mickelson PG, Martinez de Escobar YN, Killian TC. Degenerate Fermi gas of (87)Sr. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:030402. [PMID: 20867747 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report quantum degeneracy in a gas of ultracold fermionic (87)Sr atoms. By evaporatively cooling a mixture of spin states in an optical dipole trap for 10.5 s, we obtain samples well into the degenerate regime with T/T(F)=0.26(-0.06)(+0.05). The main signature of degeneracy is a change in the momentum distribution as measured by time-of-flight imaging, and we also observe a decrease in evaporation efficiency below T/T(F) ∼0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J DeSalvo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77251, USA
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