1
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Ritter ME, DeSouza SA, Ogden HM, Michael TJ, Mullin AS. Transient IR spectroscopy of optically centrifuged CO 2 (R186-R282) and collision dynamics for the J = 244-282 states. Faraday Discuss 2024; 251:140-159. [PMID: 38766993 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00179b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Collisions of optically centrifuged CO2 molecules with J = 244-282 (Erot = 22 800-30 300 cm-1) are investigated with high-resolution transient IR absorption spectroscopy to reveal collisional and orientational phenomena of molecules with hyper-thermal rotational energies. The optical centrifuge is a non-resonant optical excitation technique that uses ultrafast, 800 nm chirped pulses to drive molecules to extreme rotational states through sequential Raman transitions. The extent of rotational excitation is controlled by tuning the optical bandwidth of the excitation pulses. Frequencies of 30 R-branch ν3 fundamental IR probe transitions are measured for the J = 186-282 states of CO2, expanding beyond previously reported IR transitions up to J = 128. The optically centrifuged molecules have oriented angular momentum and unidirectional rotation. Polarization-sensitive transient IR absorption of individual rotational states of optically centrifuged molecules and their collision products reveals information about collisional energy transfer, relaxation kinetics, and dynamics of rotation-to-translation energy transfer. The transient IR probe also measures the extent of polarization anisotropy. Rotational energy transfer for lower energy molecules is discussed in terms of statistical models and a comparison highlights the role of increasing energy gap with J and angular momentum of the optically centrifuged molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Simone A DeSouza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Hannah M Ogden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Tara J Michael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Amy S Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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2
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Nikaido M, Mizuse K, Ohshima Y. Torsional Wave-Packet Dynamics in 2-Fluorobiphenyl Investigated by State-Selective Ionization-Detected Impulsive Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37257002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the creation and observation of vibrational wave packets pertinent to torsional motion in a biphenyl derivative in its electronic ground-state manifold. Adiabatically cooled molecular samples of 2-fluorobiphenyl were irradiated by intense nonresonant ultrashort laser pulses to drive impulsive stimulated Raman excitation of torsional motion. Spectral change due to the nonadiabatic vibrational excitation is probed in a state-selective manner using resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization through the S1 ← S0 electronic transition. The coherent nature of the excitation was exemplified by adopting irradiation with a pair of pump pulses: observed signals for excited torsional levels exhibit oscillatory variations against the mutual delay between the pump pulses due to wave-packet interference. By taking the Fourier transform of the time course of the signals, energy intervals among torsional levels with v = 0-3 were determined and utilized to calibrate a density functional theory (DFT)-calculated torsional potential-energy function. Time variation of populations in the excited torsional levels was assessed experimentally by measuring integrated intensities of the corresponding transitions while scanning the delay. Early time enhancement of the population (up to ∼2 ps) and gradual degradation of coherence (within ∼20 ps) appears. To explain the observed distinctive features, we developed a four-dimensional (4D) dynamical calculation in which one-dimensional (1D) quantum-mechanical propagation of the torsional motion was followed by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, whereas three-dimensional (3D) molecular rotation was tracked by classical trajectory calculations. This hybrid approach enabled us to reproduce experimental results at a reasonable computational cost and provided a deeper insight into rotational effects on vibrational wave-packet dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nikaido
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kenta Mizuse
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro 152-8550, Japan
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3
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Xu L, Tutunnikov I, Prior Y, Averbukh I. Optimization of the double-laser-pulse scheme for enantioselective orientation of chiral molecules. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:034304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0092114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a comprehensive study of enantioselective orientation of chiral molecules excited by a pair of delayed cross-polarized femtosecond laser pulses. We show that by optimizing the pulses' parameters, a significant (~ 10%) degree of enantioselective orientation can be achieved at zero and at five kelvin rotational temperatures. This study suggests a set of reasonable experimental conditions for inducing and measuring strong enantioselective orientation. The strong enantioselective orientation and the wide availability of the femtosecond laser systems required for the proposed experiments may open new avenues for discriminating and separating molecular enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Ilia Tutunnikov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | | | - Ilya Averbukh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
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4
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Nakamura K, Fukahori S, Hasegawa H. Rotational dynamics and transitions between Λ-type doubling of NO induced by an intense two-color laser field. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:174308. [PMID: 34742217 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We numerically investigate the rotational dynamics of NO in the electronic ground X2Π state induced by an intense two-color laser field (10 TW/cm2) as a function of pulse duration (0.3-25 ps). In the short pulse duration of less than 12 ps, rotational Raman excitation is effectively induced and results in molecular orientation. On the contrary, when the pulse duration is longer than 15 ps, the rotational excitation is suppressed. In addition to the rotational excitation, we find that transitions between Λ-type doubling are induced. Significantly, the maximum coherent wave packet between Λ-type doubling in J = 0.5 is generated using the pulse duration of 19.8 ps. The wave packet changes to the eigenstates of Λ = +1 or -1 alternatively, where Λ is the projection of the electronic orbital angular momentum on the N-O axis, which is regarded as the unidirectional rotation of an unpaired 2π electron around the N-O axis in a space-fixed frame as well as in a molecule-fixed frame. The experimental method to observe the alternation of the rotational direction of the electron around the N-O axis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nakamura
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shinichi Fukahori
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hasegawa
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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5
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Mizuse K, Sakamoto N, Fujimoto R, Ohshima Y. Direct imaging of direction-controlled molecular rotational wave packets created by a polarization-skewed double-pulse. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10853-10862. [PMID: 32373841 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-precision, time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging of rotational wave packets in nitrogen molecules created with a pair of time-delayed, polarization-skewed femtosecond laser pulses is presented, providing insight into the creation process and dynamics of direction-controlled wave packets. To initiate unidirectional rotation, the interval of the double-pulse was set so that the second, polarization-tilted pulse hit the molecules at the time when molecules were aligned or antialigned along the polarization vector of the first pulse. During the revival period of the rotational wave packet, pulse intervals around both the full and half revival times were used. The observed molecular wave packet movies clearly show the signatures of quantum rotation, such as angular localization (alignment), dispersion, and revival phenomena, during the unidirectional motion. The patterns are quite different depending on the pulse interval even when the angular distribution at the second pulse irradiation is similar. The observed interval-dependence of the dynamics was analyzed on the basis of the real-time images, with the aid of numerical simulations, and the creation process of the packets was discussed. We show that the observed image patterns can be essentially rationalized in terms of rotational period and alignment parameter. Because the double-pulse scheme is the most fundamental in the creation of direction-controlled rotational wave packets, this study will lead to more sophisticated control and characterization of directional molecular motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Mizuse
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-W4-9 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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6
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MacPhail-Bartley I, Wasserman WW, Milner AA, Milner V. Laser control of molecular rotation: Expanding the utility of an optical centrifuge. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:045122. [PMID: 32357749 DOI: 10.1063/1.5140358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since its invention in 1999, the optical centrifuge has become a powerful tool for controlling molecular rotation and studying molecular dynamics and molecular properties at extreme levels of rotational excitation. This technique has been applied to a variety of molecular species, from simple linear molecules to symmetric and asymmetric tops, to molecular ions and chiral enantiomers. Properties of isolated ultrafast rotating molecules, the so-called molecular superrotors, have been investigated, as well as their collisions with one another and the interaction with external fields. The ability of an optical centrifuge to spin a particular molecule of interest depends on both the molecular structure and the parameters of the centrifuge laser pulse. An interplay between these two factors dictates the utility of an optical centrifuge in any specific application. Here, we discuss the strategy of assessing and adjusting the properties of the centrifuge to those of the molecular rotors and describe two practical examples of optical centrifuges with very different characteristics, implemented experimentally in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian MacPhail-Bartley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Walter W Wasserman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Alexander A Milner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
| | - Valery Milner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T-1Z1, Canada
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7
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Yachmenev A, Onvlee J, Zak E, Owens A, Küpper J. Field-Induced Diastereomers for Chiral Separation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:243202. [PMID: 31922822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.243202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the state-specific enantiomeric enrichment and the spatial separation of enantiomers is presented. Our scheme utilizes techniques from strong-field laser physics-specifically an optical centrifuge in conjunction with a static electric field-to create a chiral field with defined handedness. Molecular enantiomers experience unique rotational excitation dynamics, and this can be exploited to spatially separate the enantiomers using electrostatic deflection. Notably, the rotational-state-specific enantiomeric enhancement and its handedness are fully controllable. To explain these effects, the conceptual framework of field-induced diastereomers of a chiral molecule is introduced and computationally demonstrated through robust quantum-mechanical simulations on the prototypical chiral molecule propylene oxide (C_{3}H_{6}O), for which ensembles with an enantiomeric excess of up to 30% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yachmenev
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jolijn Onvlee
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emil Zak
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alec Owens
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Mizuse K, Fujimoto R, Ohshima Y. Acceleration and Deceleration of Unidirectional Molecular Rotation by a Femtosecond Laser Pulse. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Mizuse
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Romu Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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9
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Milner AA, Fordyce JAM, MacPhail-Bartley I, Wasserman W, Milner V, Tutunnikov I, Averbukh IS. Controlled Enantioselective Orientation of Chiral Molecules with an Optical Centrifuge. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:223201. [PMID: 31283279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.223201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first experimental demonstration of enantioselective rotational control of chiral molecules with a laser field. In our experiments, two enantiomers of propylene oxide are brought to accelerated unidirectional rotation by means of an optical centrifuge. Using Coulomb explosion imaging, we show that the centrifuged molecules acquire preferential orientation perpendicular to the plane of rotation, and that the direction of this orientation depends on the relative handedness of the enantiomer and the rotating centrifuge field. The observed effect is in agreement with theoretical predictions and is reproduced in numerical simulations of the centrifuge excitation followed by Coulomb explosion of the centrifuged molecules. The demonstrated technique opens new avenues in optical enantioselective control of chiral molecules with a plethora of potential applications in differentiation, separation, and purification of chiral mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Milner
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, V6T-1Z1 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jordan A M Fordyce
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, V6T-1Z1 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ian MacPhail-Bartley
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, V6T-1Z1 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Walter Wasserman
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, V6T-1Z1 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Valery Milner
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, V6T-1Z1 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ilia Tutunnikov
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilya Sh Averbukh
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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10
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Ogden HM, Michael TJ, Murray MJ, Liu Q, Toro C, Mullin AS. The effect of CO rotation from shaped pulse polarization on reactions that form C2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14103-14110. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06917d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of CO rotational energy on bimolecular reactions to form electronically excited C2 is reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Ogden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Tara J. Michael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | | | - Qingnan Liu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Gaithersburg
- USA
| | - Carlos Toro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
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11
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Prost E, Hertz E, Billard F, Lavorel B, Faucher O. Polarization-based tachometer for measuring spinning rotors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:31839-31849. [PMID: 30650763 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.031839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the polarization analysis of shortpulse ultraviolet radiation produced by third-harmonic generation in a gas of coherently spinning molecules. A pulse of twisted linear polarization imprints a unidirectional rotational motion to the molecules leading to an orientation of their rotational angular momenta. A second pulse, time-delayed with respect to the first one, circularly polarized in the plane of rotation of the molecules, acts as a driving field for third-harmonic generation. The angular momentum and energy conservation applied to this process foresees the generation of two Doppler-shifted circularly-polarized harmonics of opposite handedness. Our analysis reveals that spinning molecules enable the generation of a well polarized third-harmonic radiation exhibiting a high degree of ellipticity. Tracking the orientation of the latter allows a time-capture of the molecular axis direction from which the average angular velocity of the rotating molecules is inferred. This method provides a user-friendly polarization-based tachometer for measurement of the rotational speed of spinning nonlinear rotors.
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12
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He L, Lan P, Le AT, Wang B, Wang B, Zhu X, Lu P, Lin CD. Real-Time Observation of Molecular Spinning with Angular High-Harmonic Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:163201. [PMID: 30387638 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.163201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an angular high-harmonic spectroscopy method to probe the spinning dynamics of a molecular rotation wave packet in real time. With the excitation of two time-delayed, polarization-skewed pump pulses, the molecular ensemble is impulsively kicked to rotate unidirectionally, which is subsequently irradiated by another delayed probe pulse for high-order harmonic generation (HHG). The spatiotemporal evolution of the molecular rotation wave packet is visualized from the time-dependent angular distributions of the HHG yields and frequency shift measured at various polarization directions and time delays of the probe pulse. The observed frequency shift in HHG is demonstrated to arise from the nonadiabatic effect induced by molecular spinning. Different from the previous spectroscopic and Coulomb explosion imaging techniques, the angular high-harmonic spectroscopy method can reveal additionally the electronic structure and multiple orbitals of the sampled molecule. All the experimental findings are well reproduced by numerical simulations. Further extension of this method would provide a powerful tool for probing complex polyatomic molecules with HHG spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin He
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pengfei Lan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Anh-Thu Le
- Department of Physics, Cardwell Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Baoning Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bincheng Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - C D Lin
- Department of Physics, Cardwell Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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13
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Owens A, Yachmenev A, Küpper J. Coherent Control of the Rotation Axis of Molecular Superrotors. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4206-4209. [PMID: 29991265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The control of ultrafast molecular rotational motion has benefited from the development of innovative techniques in strong-field laser physics. Here, we theoretically demonstrate a novel type of coherent control by inducing rotation of an asymmetric-top molecule about two different molecular axes. An optical centrifuge is applied to the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) molecule to create a molecular superrotor, an object performing ultrafast rotation about a well-defined axis. Using two distinct pulse envelopes for the optical centrifuge, we show that H2S can be excited along separate pathways of rotational states. This leads to stable rotation about two entirely different molecular axes while ensuring rotation is about the propagation direction of the centrifuge, i.e., the laboratory-fixed Z-axis. The presented scheme to control the angular momentum alignment of a molecule will, for instance, be useful in studies of molecule-molecule or molecule-surface scattering, especially due to the large amounts of energy associated with superrotors, which can even be controlled by changing the duration of the optical centrifuge pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Owens
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging , Universität Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - A Yachmenev
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging , Universität Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - J Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging , Universität Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
- Department of Physics , Universität Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 149 , 22761 Hamburg , Germany
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14
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Owens A, Yachmenev A. RichMol: A general variational approach for rovibrational molecular dynamics in external electric fields. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:124102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5023874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alec Owens
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Yachmenev
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Tutunnikov I, Gershnabel E, Gold S, Averbukh IS. Selective Orientation of Chiral Molecules by Laser Fields with Twisted Polarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1105-1111. [PMID: 29417812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We explore a pure optical method for enantioselective orientation of chiral molecules by means of laser fields with twisted polarization. Several field implementations are considered, including a pair of delayed, cross-polarized laser pulses, an optical centrifuge, and polarization-shaped pulses. We show that these schemes lead to out-of-phase time-dependent dipole signals for different enantiomers, and we also predict a substantial permanent molecular orientation persisting long after the laser fields are over. The underlying classical orientation mechanism common to all of these fields is discussed, and its operation is demonstrated for a range of chiral molecules of various complexity: hydrogen thioperoxide (HSOH), propylene oxide (CH3CHCH2O), and ethyl oxirane (CH3CH2CHCH2O). The presented results demonstrate generality, versatility, and robustness of this optical method for manipulating molecular enantiomers in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Tutunnikov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Erez Gershnabel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shachar Gold
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ilya Sh Averbukh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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16
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Murray MJ, Ogden HM, Mullin AS. Importance of rotational adiabaticity in collisions of CO2 super rotors with Ar and He. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:084310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5009440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Hannah M. Ogden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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17
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Maan A, Tyagi A, Prasad V. Field-free molecular orientation by delayed elliptically polarised laser pulses. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 188:268-275. [PMID: 28732284 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical model of NAREX (non-adiabatic rotational excitation) and field-free molecular orientation by a short specific elliptically polarised laser pulses (EPLPs) driving a polar molecule is presented. By choosing the proper value of elliptically polarised field parameters, efficient field-free orientation could be achieved. It is demonstrated that NAREX can be controlled by various laser parameters, out of which pulse shape plays the most significant role. The effect of elliptic parameter on the rotational excitation and orientation dynamics is also under concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Maan
- Department of Physics, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India; Department of Physics, Pt.N.R.S.G.C.Rohtak, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- Department of Physics, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, Delhi, India.
| | - Vinod Prasad
- Department of Physics, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, Delhi, India.
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18
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Murray MJ, Ogden HM, Mullin AS. Anisotropic kinetic energy release and gyroscopic behavior of CO2super rotors from an optical centrifuge. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:154309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4997701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Hannah M. Ogden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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19
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Simulating electric field interactions with polar molecules using spectroscopic databases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45068. [PMID: 28338042 PMCID: PMC5364483 DOI: 10.1038/srep45068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ro-vibrational Stark-associated phenomena of small polyatomic molecules are modelled using extensive spectroscopic data generated as part of the ExoMol project. The external field Hamiltonian is built from the computed ro-vibrational line list of the molecule in question. The Hamiltonian we propose is general and suitable for any polar molecule in the presence of an electric field. By exploiting precomputed data, the often prohibitively expensive computations associated with high accuracy simulations of molecule-field interactions are avoided. Applications to strong terahertz field-induced ro-vibrational dynamics of PH3 and NH3, and spontaneous emission data for optoelectrical Sisyphus cooling of H2CO and CH3Cl are discussed.
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20
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Mizuse K, Fujimoto R, Mizutani N, Ohshima Y. Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation. J Vis Exp 2017:54917. [PMID: 28190043 PMCID: PMC5409244 DOI: 10.3791/54917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method for visualizing laser-induced, ultrafast molecular rotational wave packet dynamics. We have developed a new 2-dimensional Coulomb explosion imaging setup in which a hitherto-impractical camera angle is realized. In our imaging technique, diatomic molecules are irradiated with a circularly polarized strong laser pulse. The ejected atomic ions are accelerated perpendicularly to the laser propagation. The ions lying in the laser polarization plane are selected through the use of a mechanical slit and imaged with a high-throughput, 2-dimensional detector installed parallel to the polarization plane. Because a circularly polarized (isotropic) Coulomb exploding pulse is used, the observed angular distribution of the ejected ions directly corresponds to the squared rotational wave function at the time of the pulse irradiation. To create a real-time movie of molecular rotation, the present imaging technique is combined with a femtosecond pump-probe optical setup in which the pump pulses create unidirectionally rotating molecular ensembles. Due to the high image throughput of our detection system, the pump-probe experimental condition can be easily optimized by monitoring a real-time snapshot. As a result, the quality of the observed movie is sufficiently high for visualizing the detailed wave nature of motion. We also note that the present technique can be implemented in existing standard ion imaging setups, offering a new camera angle or viewpoint for the molecular systems without the need for extensive modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Mizuse
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology;
| | - Romu Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Nobuo Mizutani
- Equipment Development Center, Institute for Molecular Science
| | - Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology; Department of Photo-molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science;
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21
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Katsuki H, Ohmori K. Simultaneous manipulation and observation of multiple ro-vibrational eigenstates in solid para-hydrogen. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:124316. [PMID: 27782629 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have experimentally performed the coherent control of delocalized ro-vibrational wave packets (RVWs) of solid para-hydrogen (p-H2) by the wave packet interferometry (WPI) combined with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). RVWs of solid p-H2 are delocalized in the crystal, and the wave function with wave vector k ∼ 0 is selectively excited via the stimulated Raman process. We have excited the RVW twice by a pair of femtosecond laser pulses with delay controlled by a stabilized Michelson interferometer. Using a broad-band laser pulse, multiple ro-vibrational states can be excited simultaneously. We have observed the time-dependent Ramsey fringe spectra as a function of the inter-pulse delay by a spectrally resolved CARS technique using a narrow-band probe pulse, resolving the different intermediate states. Due to the different fringe oscillation periods among those intermediate states, we can manipulate their amplitude ratio by tuning the inter-pulse delay on the sub-femtosecond time scale. The state-selective manipulation and detection of the CARS signal combined with the WPI is a general and efficient protocol for the control of the interference of multiple quantum states in various quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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22
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Steinitz U, Khodorkovsky Y, Hartmann J, Averbukh IS. Dynamics and Hydrodynamics of Molecular Superrotors. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3795-3810. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Steinitz
- AMOS and Department of Chemical Physics Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl St. Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Yuri Khodorkovsky
- AMOS and Department of Chemical Physics Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl St. Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Jean‐Michel Hartmann
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), CNRS (UMR 7583) Université Paris Est Créteil, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace 94010 Créteil Cedex France
| | - Ilya Sh. Averbukh
- AMOS and Department of Chemical Physics Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl St. Rehovot 76100 Israel
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23
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Yachmenev A, Yurchenko SN. Detecting Chirality in Molecules by Linearly Polarized Laser Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:033001. [PMID: 27472111 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new scheme for enantiomer differentiation of chiral molecules using a pair of linearly polarized intense ultrashort laser pulses with skewed mutual polarization is presented. The technique relies on the fact that the off-diagonal anisotropic contributions to the electric polarizability tensor for two enantiomers have different signs. Exploiting this property, we are able to excite a coherent unidirectional rotation of two enantiomers with a π phase difference in the molecular electric dipole moment. The approach is robust and suitable for relatively high temperatures of molecular samples, making it applicable for selective chiral analysis of mixtures, and to chiral molecules with low barriers between enantiomers. As an illustration, we present nanosecond laser-driven dynamics of a tetratomic nonrigid chiral molecule with short-lived chirality. The ultrafast time scale of the proposed technique is well suited to study parity violation in molecular systems in short-lived chiral states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yachmenev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei N Yurchenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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24
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25
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Bitter M, Milner V. Generating long sequences of high-intensity femtosecond pulses. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:830-833. [PMID: 26836087 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present an approach to creating pulse sequences extending beyond 150 ps in duration, comprised of 100 μJ femtosecond pulses. A quarter of the pulse train is produced by a high-resolution pulse shaper, which allows full controllability over the timing of each pulse. Two nested Michelson interferometers follow to quadruple the pulse number and the sequence duration. To boost the pulse energy, the long train is sent through a multipass Ti:sapphire amplifier, followed by an external compressor. A periodic sequence of 84 pulses of 120 fs width and an average pulse energy of 107 μJ, separated by 2 ps, is demonstrated as a proof of principle.
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26
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Murray MJ, Ogden HM, Toro C, Liu Q, Burns DA, Alexander MH, Mullin AS. State-Specific Collision Dynamics of Molecular Super Rotors with Oriented Angular Momentum. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12471-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Murray
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hannah M. Ogden
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Carlos Toro
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Qingnan Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - David A. Burns
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Millard H. Alexander
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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27
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Khodorkovsky Y, Steinitz U, Hartmann JM, Averbukh IS. Collisional dynamics in a gas of molecular super-rotors. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7791. [PMID: 26160223 PMCID: PMC4510972 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, femtosecond laser techniques have been developed that are capable of bringing gas molecules to extremely fast rotation in a very short time, while keeping their translational motion relatively slow. Here we study collisional equilibration dynamics of this new state of molecular gases. We show that the route to equilibrium starts with a metastable 'gyroscopic stage' in the course of which the molecules maintain their fast rotation and orientation of the angular momentum through many collisions. The inhibited rotational-translational relaxation is characterized by a persistent anisotropy in the molecular angular distribution, and is manifested in the optical birefringence and anisotropic diffusion in the gas. After a certain induction time, the 'gyroscopic stage' is abruptly terminated by an explosive rotational-translational energy exchange, leading the gas towards the final equilibrium. We illustrate our conclusions by direct molecular dynamics simulation of several gases of linear molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Khodorkovsky
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Uri Steinitz
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jean-Michel Hartmann
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA) CNRS (UMR 7583), Université Paris Est Créteil, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Ilya Sh. Averbukh
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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28
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Mizuse K, Kitano K, Hasegawa H, Ohshima Y. Quantum unidirectional rotation directly imaged with molecules. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1400185. [PMID: 26601205 PMCID: PMC4646765 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A gas-phase molecular ensemble coherently excited to have an oriented rotational angular momentum has recently emerged as an appropriate microscopic system to illustrate quantum mechanical behavior directly linked to classical rotational motion, which has a definite direction. To realize an intuitive visualization of such a unidirectional molecular rotation, we report high-resolution direct imaging of direction-controlled rotational wave packets in nitrogen molecules. The rotational direction was regulated by a pair of time-delayed, polarization-skewed laser pulses, introducing the dynamic chirality to the system. The subsequent spatiotemporal propagation was tracked by a newly developed Coulomb explosion imaging setup. From the observed molecular movie, time-dependent detailed nodal structures, instantaneous alignment, angular dispersion, and fractional revivals of the wave packet are fully characterized while the ensemble keeps rotating in one direction. The present approach, providing an accurate view on unidirectional rotation in quantum regime, will guide more sophisticated molecular manipulations by utilizing its capability in capturing highly structured spatiotemporal evolution of molecular wave packets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Mizuse
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences and SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenta Kitano
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hasegawa
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences and SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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29
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Karras G, Ndong M, Hertz E, Sugny D, Billard F, Lavorel B, Faucher O. Polarization shaping for unidirectional rotational motion of molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:103001. [PMID: 25815926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Control of the orientation of the angular momentum of linear molecules is demonstrated by means of laser polarization shaping. For this purpose, we combine two orthogonally polarized and partially time-overlapped femtosecond laser pulses so as to produce a spinning linear polarization which in turn induces unidirectional rotation of N2 molecules. The evolution of the rotational response is probed by a third laser beam that can be either linearly or circularly polarized. The physical observable is the frequency shift imparted to the probe beam as a manifestation of the angular Doppler effect. Our experimental results are confirmed by theoretical computations, which allow one to gain a deep physical insight into the laser-molecule interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Karras
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - M Ndong
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - E Hertz
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - D Sugny
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - F Billard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - B Lavorel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - O Faucher
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
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30
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Eyles CJ, Floß J, Averbukh IS, Leibscher M. Atom-diatom scattering dynamics of spinning molecules. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:024311. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4905251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Eyles
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Floß
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - I. Sh. Averbukh
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - M. Leibscher
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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31
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Korobenko A, Hepburn JW, Milner V. Observation of nondispersing classical-like molecular rotation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:951-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04434g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Using the technique of an optical centrifuge, we produce rotational wave packets which evolve in time along either classical-like or non-classical trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Korobenko
- Department of Physics & Astronomy
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - John W. Hepburn
- Department of Physics & Astronomy
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada V6T 1Z1
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Valery Milner
- Department of Physics & Astronomy
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada V6T 1Z1
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32
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Korobenko A, Milner AA, Milner V. Direct observation, study, and control of molecular superrotors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:113004. [PMID: 24702361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Extremely fast rotating molecules whose rotational energy is comparable with the molecular bond strength are known as "superrotors." It has been speculated that superrotors may exhibit a number of unique properties, yet only indirect evidence of these molecular objects has been reported to date. Here we demonstrate the first direct observation of molecular superrotors by detecting coherent unidirectional molecular rotation with extreme frequencies exceeding 10 THz. The technique of an "optical centrifuge" is used to control the degree of rotational excitation in an ultrabroad range of rotational quantum numbers, reaching as high as N = 95 in oxygen and N = 60 in nitrogen. State-resolved detection enables us to determine the shape of the excited rotational wave packet and quantify the effect of centrifugal distortion on the rotational spectrum. Femtosecond time resolution reveals coherent rotational dynamics with increasing coherence times at higher angular momentum. We demonstrate that molecular superrotors can be created and observed in dense samples under normal conditions where the effects of ultrafast rotation on many-body interactions, intermolecular collisions, and chemical reactions can be readily explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Korobenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Alexander A Milner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Valery Milner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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33
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Steinitz U, Prior Y, Averbukh IS. Optics of a gas of coherently spinning molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:013004. [PMID: 24483895 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.013004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We consider the optical properties of a gas of molecules that are brought to fast unidirectional spinning by a pulsed laser field. It is shown that a circularly polarized probe light passing through the medium inverts its polarization handedness and experiences a frequency shift controllable by the sense and the rate of molecular rotation. Our analysis is supported by two recent experiments on the laser-induced rotational Doppler effect in molecular gases and provides a good qualitative and quantitative description of the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Steinitz
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yehiam Prior
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ilya Sh Averbukh
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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34
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Non-adiabatic rotational excitation of dipolar molecule under the influence of delayed pulses. J CHEM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-013-0430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Eyles CJ, Leibscher M. Reactive scattering dynamics of rotational wavepackets: a case study using the model H+H2 and F+H2 reactions with aligned and anti-aligned H2. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:104315. [PMID: 24050352 DOI: 10.1063/1.4820881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a method to steer the outcome of reactive atom-diatom scattering, using rotational wavepackets excited by strong non-resonant laser pulses. Full close-coupled quantum mechanical scattering calculations of the D+H2 and F+H2 reactions are presented, where the H2 molecule exists as a coherent superposition of rotational states. The nuclear spin selective control over the molecular bond axis alignment afforded by the creation of rotational wavepackets is applied to reactive scattering systems, enabling a nuclear spin selective influence to be exerted over the reactive dynamics. The extension of the conventional eigenstate-to-eigenstate scattering problem to the case in which the initial state is composed of a coherent superposition of rotational states is detailed, and a selection of example calculations are discussed, along with their mechanistic implications. The feasibility of the corresponding experiments is considered, and a suitable simple two pulse laser scheme is shown to strongly differentiate the reactivities of o-H2 and p-H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Eyles
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lemeshko
- a ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
| | - Roman V. Krems
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
- d Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , BC V6T 1Z1, Vancouver , Canada
| | - John M. Doyle
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
| | - Sabre Kais
- e Departments of Chemistry and Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , 47907 , USA
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37
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Toro C, Liu Q, Echebiri GO, Mullin AS. Inhibited rotational quenching in oriented ultra-high rotational states of CO2. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.813591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Toro
- a Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , 20742 , USA
| | - Qingnan Liu
- a Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , 20742 , USA
| | - Geraldine O. Echebiri
- a Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , 20742 , USA
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- a Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , 20742 , USA
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38
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Hartmann JM, Boulet C, Vieillard T, Chaussard F, Billard F, Faucher O, Lavorel B. Dissipation of alignment in CO2 gas: A comparison between ab initio predictions and experiments. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:024306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4812770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Arya U, Tyagi A, Prasad V. Controlling rotational dynamics and alignment of molecule by infrared laser pulse. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 102:120-127. [PMID: 23220526 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of delayed infrared laser (IRL) pulse shape on the non-adiabatic rotational excitation and alignment of a polar molecule. We suggest a control scheme for choosing populations of molecular rotational states by wave packet interference. The rotational wave packets of polar molecule (here HBr) excited non-adiabatically by orienting pulse is controlled actually using the second delayed IRL pulse. By adjusting the time delay between the two laser pulses and the shape of delayed IRL pulse, constructive or destructive interference among these wave packets enables the population to be enhanced or repressed for the specific rotational state. We have used fourth order Runge-Kutta method to study the non-adiabatic rotational excitation (NAREX) dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Arya
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
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40
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Korech O, Steinitz U, Gordon R, Averbukh IS, Prior Y. Unidirectional Rotation of Molecules Measured by the Rotational Doppler Effect. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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41
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Yang B, Forrey RC, Stancil PC, Fonseca dos Santos S, Balakrishnan N. Zero-energy resonances of hydrogen diatom isotopologs: tuning quasiresonant transitions in vibration space. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:233201. [PMID: 23368196 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.233201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient and specific energy transfer mechanisms that involve rotation-rotation, vibration-vibration, and vibration-rotation exchange in diatomic molecules are examined theoretically in ultracold H(2), D(2), and HD self-collisions as a function of initial vibrational level v. The three quasiresonant mechanisms are found to operate for all vibrational levels and yield complex scattering lengths which vary smoothly with v. Exceptions to this trend occur at select high values of v where the scattering lengths are modulated by orders of magnitude corresponding to the location of an s-wave zero-energy resonance in "vibration space." The quasiresonant mechanisms, which are not very sensitive to the details of the interaction potential, generally control the final distribution of molecular states for any given initial distribution. The zero-energy resonances are more sensitive to the potential and may be used to vibrationally "tune" the interaction strength, similar to methods which vary applied external fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhui Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Center for Simulational Physics, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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42
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Fleischer S, Field RW, Nelson KA. Commensurate two-quantum coherences induced by time-delayed THz fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:123603. [PMID: 23005948 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of carbonyl sulfide dipolar gas molecules with two time-delayed, single-cycle THz pulses is shown both experimentally and theoretically to induce two-quantum rotational coherences that are significantly enhanced with respect to those induced by one THz pulse, depending on the relative delay of the pulses. The underlying phenomenon is quite general in that it can occur even after a single THz pulse if more than one molecular species is present, since the free induction decay emitted by one species (demonstrated here by atmospheric water vapor) can provide the second field interaction for the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharly Fleischer
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
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43
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Steinitz U, Prior Y, Averbukh IS. Laser-induced gas vortices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:033001. [PMID: 22861845 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, several femtosecond-laser techniques have demonstrated molecular excitation to high rotational states with a preferred sense of rotation. We consider collisional relaxation in a dense gas of such unidirectionally rotating molecules, and suggest that due to angular momentum conservation, collisions lead to the generation of macroscopic vortex gas flows. This argument is supported using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method, followed by a computational gas-dynamic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Steinitz
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, Israel 76100.
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44
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Abe H, Ohtsuki Y. Development of nonresonant optimal control simulation to include polarization effects of laser pulses. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Fleischer S, Khodorkovsky Y, Gershnabel E, Prior Y, Averbukh IS. Molecular Alignment Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses and Its Impact on Molecular Motion. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Floß J, Grohmann T, Leibscher M, Seideman T. Nuclear spin selective laser control of rotational and torsional dynamics. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:084309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3687343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Zhdanovich S, Milner AA, Bloomquist C, Floss J, Averbukh IS, Hepburn JW, Milner V. Control of molecular rotation with a chiral train of ultrashort pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:243004. [PMID: 22242996 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.243004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Trains of ultrashort laser pulses separated by the time of rotational revival (typically, tens of picoseconds) have been exploited for creating ensembles of aligned molecules. In this work we introduce a chiral pulse train--a sequence of linearly polarized pulses with the polarization direction rotating from pulse to pulse by a controllable angle. The chirality of such a train, expressed through the period and direction of its polarization rotation, is used as a new control parameter for achieving selectivity and directionality of laser-induced rotational excitation. The method employs chiral trains with a large number of pulses separated on the time scale much shorter than the rotational revival (a few hundred femtosecond), enabling the use of conventional pulse shapers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhdanovich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and The Laboratory for Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging Research (LASIR), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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48
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Gershnabel E, Averbukh IS. Deflection of rotating symmetric top molecules by inhomogeneous fields. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:084307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3626873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Shimotsuma Y, Sakakura M, Kazansky PG, Beresna M, Qiu J, Miura K, Hirao K. Ultrafast manipulation of self-assembled form birefringence in glass. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4039-4043. [PMID: 20734374 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Shimotsuma
- Innovative Collaboration Center, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
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50
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Ohshima Y, Hasegawa H. Coherent rotational excitation by intense nonresonant laser fields. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2010.511769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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