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Cao L, Liu J, Wang Z, Huang D, Feng C, Zhao Z. Multiplexed emitting system for an energy-recovery-linac-based coherent light source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:1054-1063. [PMID: 37860938 PMCID: PMC10624027 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523008263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a novel approach has been proposed to produce ultrashort, fully coherent high-repetition-rate EUV and X-ray radiation by combining an energy recovery linac (ERL) with the angular-dispersion-induced microbunching methodology. It is critical to maintain microbunching when the beam passes through bending magnets between the undulators, which results in difficulties supporting multiple beamlines. In this paper, the design of a multiplexed emitting system consisting of multi-bend achromats, matching sections and radiators to facilitate the multi-beamline operation is presented. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations have been carried out and the results show that the microbunching and beam quality can be well maintained after four times of bending. Five radiation pulses with a central wavelength of 13.5 nm and peak power at the MW level have been produced by the same electron beam via this multiplexed emitting system. The proposed method holds potential in the multi-beamline operation of ERL- or storage-ring-based coherent light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
- ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dazhang Huang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Feng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhentang Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Foglia L, Capotondi F, Höppner H, Gessini A, Giannessi L, Kurdi G, Lopez Quintas I, Masciovecchio C, Kiskinova M, Mincigrucci R, Naumenko D, Nikolov IP, Pedersoli E, Rossi GM, Simoncig A, Bencivenga F. Exploring the multiparameter nature of EUV-visible wave mixing at the FERMI FEL. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:040901. [PMID: 31372368 PMCID: PMC6663514 DOI: 10.1063/1.5111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and x-ray ultrafast coherent light sources such as free electron lasers (FELs) has triggered the extension of wave-mixing techniques to short wavelengths. This class of experiments, based on the interaction of matter with multiple light pulses through the Nth order susceptibility, holds the promise of combining intrinsic ultrafast time resolution and background-free signal detection with nanometer spatial resolution and chemical specificity. A successful approach in this direction has been the combination of the unique characteristics of the seeded FEL FERMI with dedicated four-wave-mixing (FWM) setups, which leads to the demonstration of EUV-based transient grating (TG) spectroscopy. In this perspective paper, we discuss how the TG approach can be extended toward more general FWM spectroscopies by exploring the intrinsic multiparameter nature of nonlinear processes, which derives from the ability of controlling the properties of each field independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Foglia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Capotondi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - H Höppner
- Institute for Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Gessini
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Giannessi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Kurdi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - I Lopez Quintas
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Masciovecchio
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Kiskinova
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Mincigrucci
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Naumenko
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - I P Nikolov
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Pedersoli
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - G M Rossi
- Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Simoncig
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Bencivenga
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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3
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Feng C, Wang X, Lan T, Zhang M, Li X, Zhang J, Zhang W, Feng L, Liu X, Deng H, Liu B, Wang D, Zhao Z. Slippage boosted spectral cleaning in a seeded free-electron laser. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6960. [PMID: 31061391 PMCID: PMC6502941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization of fully coherent light sources at extreme ultraviolet to x-ray region has been a long-standing challenge for laser technologies. While modern single pass free-electron lasers (FELs) hold the ability to produce very intense x-ray radiation on few-femtosecond timescale, the output radiation pulses usually have noisy spectra and limited temporal coherence since the amplification starts from electron noise. A promising way for producing stable transform-limited pulses is based on the harmonic up-conversion techniques with a conventional laser as the seed. However, it is found that the insignificant phase error in the seed laser may be eventually multiplied by the harmonic number, leading to a degradation of the output temporal coherence at x-ray wavelength. Here, we report for the first time on the demonstration of a slippage boosted spectral cleaning technique to mitigate the impact of seed laser induced phase errors and to significantly improve the temporal coherence of a seeded FEL with large phase errors in the seed laser. Experimental results indicate the possibility of generating fully coherent x-ray radiation pulses with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Feng
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Xingtao Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Taihe Lan
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Junqiang Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Lie Feng
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Haixiao Deng
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Zhentang Zhao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China.
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4
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5
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Gauthier D, Ribič PR, De Ninno G, Allaria E, Cinquegrana P, Danailov MB, Demidovich A, Ferrari E, Giannessi L, Mahieu B, Penco G. Spectrotemporal shaping of seeded free-electron laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:114801. [PMID: 26406834 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the ability to control and shape the spectrotemporal content of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses produced by a seeded free-electron laser (FEL). The control over the spectrotemporal properties of XUV light was achieved by precisely manipulating the linear frequency chirp of the seed laser. Our results agree with existing theory, which allows us to retrieve the temporal properties (amplitude and phase) of the FEL pulse from measurements of the spectra as a function of the FEL operating parameters. Furthermore, we show the first direct evidence of the full temporal coherence of FEL light and generate Fourier limited pulses by fine-tuning the FEL temporal phase. The possibility of tailoring the spectrotemporal content of intense short-wavelength pulses represents the first step towards efficient nonlinear optics in the XUV to x-ray spectral region and will enable precise manipulation of core-electron excitations using the methods of coherent quantum control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanni De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | - Eugenio Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Trieste, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazzale Europa 1, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Theory Group ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Benoît Mahieu
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, UMR 7639, ENSTA-CNRS-École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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6
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Allaria E, Badano L, Bassanese S, Capotondi F, Castronovo D, Cinquegrana P, Danailov MB, D'Auria G, Demidovich A, De Monte R, De Ninno G, Di Mitri S, Diviacco B, Fawley WM, Ferianis M, Ferrari E, Gaio G, Gauthier D, Giannessi L, Iazzourene F, Kurdi G, Mahne N, Nikolov I, Parmigiani F, Penco G, Raimondi L, Rebernik P, Rossi F, Roussel E, Scafuri C, Serpico C, Sigalotti P, Spezzani C, Svandrlik M, Svetina C, Trovó M, Veronese M, Zangrando D, Zangrando M. The FERMI free-electron lasers. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:485-491. [PMID: 25931057 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515005366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
FERMI is a seeded free-electron laser (FEL) facility located at the Elettra laboratory in Trieste, Italy, and is now in user operation with its first FEL line, FEL-1, covering the wavelength range between 100 and 20 nm. The second FEL line, FEL-2, a high-gain harmonic generation double-stage cascade covering the wavelength range 20-4 nm, has also completed commissioning and the first user call has been recently opened. An overview of the typical operating modes of the facility is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Badano
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - G D'Auria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - R De Monte
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - G De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - B Diviacco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - W M Fawley
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Ferianis
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Gaio
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Gauthier
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - G Kurdi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - N Mahne
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - I Nikolov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - G Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Rebernik
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Rossi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Roussel
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Scafuri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Serpico
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - C Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - C Svetina
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Trovó
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Veronese
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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7
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Hemsing E, Dunning M, Hast C, Raubenheimer T, Xiang D. First characterization of coherent optical vortices from harmonic undulator radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:134803. [PMID: 25302894 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.134803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the experimental generation and measurement of coherent light that carries orbital angular momentum from a relativistic electron beam radiating at the second harmonic of a helical undulator. The measured helical phase of the light is shown to be in agreement with predictions of the sign and magnitude of the phase singularity and is more than 2 orders of magnitude greater than the incoherent signal. Our setup demonstrates that such optical vortices can be produced in modern free-electron lasers in a simple afterburner arrangement for novel two-mode pump-probe experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hemsing
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Dunning
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Raubenheimer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dao Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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8
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Two-colour pump-probe experiments with a twin-pulse-seed extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2476. [PMID: 24048228 PMCID: PMC3791458 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the dynamics of matter driven to extreme non-equilibrium states by an intense ultrashort X-ray pulse is becoming reality, thanks to the advent of free-electron laser technology that allows development of different schemes for probing the response at variable time delay with a second pulse. Here we report the generation of two-colour extreme ultraviolet pulses of controlled wavelengths, intensity and timing by seeding of high-gain harmonic generation free-electron laser with multiple independent laser pulses. The potential of this new scheme is demonstrated by the time evolution of a titanium-grating diffraction pattern, tuning the two coherent pulses to the titanium M-resonance and varying their intensities. This reveals that an intense pulse induces abrupt pattern changes on a time scale shorter than hydrodynamic expansion and ablation. This result exemplifies the essential capabilities of the jitter-free multiple-colour free-electron laser pulse sequences to study evolving states of matter with element sensitivity. Free-electron lasers are a powerful new tool for studying properties and transient states of matter. Here, the authors use a novel seed scheme for generation of two XUV laser pulses of controlled wavelength and time separation that enables access to ultrafast phenomena with elemental sensitivity.
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9
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Mahieu B, Allaria E, Castronovo D, Danailov MB, Demidovich A, De Ninno G, Di Mitri S, Fawley WM, Ferrari E, Fröhlich L, Gauthier D, Giannessi L, Mahne N, Penco G, Raimondi L, Spampinati S, Spezzani C, Svetina C, Trovò M, Zangrando M. Two-colour generation in a chirped seeded free-electron laser: a close look. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:22728-41. [PMID: 24104160 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.022728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present the experimental demonstration of a method for generating two spectrally and temporally separated pulses by an externally seeded, single-pass free-electron laser operating in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral range. Our results, collected on the FERMI@Elettra facility and confirmed by numerical simulations, demonstrate the possibility of controlling both the spectral and temporal features of the generated pulses. A free-electron laser operated in this mode becomes a suitable light source for jitter-free, two-colour pump-probe experiments.
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10
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De Ninno G, Mahieu B, Allaria E, Giannessi L, Spampinati S. Chirped seeded free-electron lasers: self-standing light sources for two-color pump-probe experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:064801. [PMID: 23432255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.064801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the possibility of running a single-pass free electron laser (FEL) in a dynamical regime, which can be exploited to perform two-color pump-probe experiments in the vacuum ultraviolet or x-ray domain, using the free-electron laser emission both as a pump and as a probe. The studied regime is induced by triggering the free-electron laser process with a powerful laser pulse, carrying a significant and adjustable frequency chirp. As a result, the output FEL radiation is split in two pulses, separated in time (as previously observed by different authors), and having different central wavelengths. We show that both the spectral and temporal distances between FEL pulses can be independently controlled. We also provide a theoretical description of this phenomenon, which is found in good agreement with experiments performed on the FERMI@Elettra free-electron laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni De Ninno
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica 5001, Slovenia
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11
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Labat M, Bellaveglia M, Bougeard M, Carré B, Ciocci F, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Couprie ME, Cultrera L, Del Franco M, Di Pirro G, Drago A, Ferrario M, Filippetto D, Frassetto F, Gallo A, Garzella D, Gatti G, Giannessi L, Lambert G, Mostacci A, Petralia A, Petrillo V, Poletto L, Quattromini M, Rau JV, Ronsivalle C, Sabia E, Serluca M, Spassovsky I, Surrenti V, Vaccarezza C, Vicario C. High-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser seeded by harmonics generated in gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:224801. [PMID: 22182029 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.224801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The injection of a seed in a free-electron laser (FEL) amplifier reduces the saturation length and improves the longitudinal coherence. A cascaded FEL, operating in the high-gain harmonic-generation regime, allows us to extend the beneficial effects of the seed to shorter wavelengths. We report on the first operation of a high-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser, seeded with harmonics generated in gas. The third harmonics of a Ti:sapphire laser, generated in a gas cell, has been amplified and up-converted to its second harmonic (λ(rad)=133 nm) in a FEL cascaded configuration based on a variable number of modulators and radiators. We studied the transition between coherent harmonic generation and superradiant regime, optimizing the laser performances with respect to the number of modulators and radiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Labat
- ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi, 45 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
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