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Jiang MH, Xue W, He Q, An YY, Zheng X, Xu WJ, Xie YB, Lu Y, Zhu S, Ma XS. Quantum storage of entangled photons at telecom wavelengths in a crystal. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6995. [PMID: 37914741 PMCID: PMC10620411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum storage and distribution of entanglement are the key ingredients for realizing a global quantum internet. Compatible with existing fiber networks, telecom-wavelength entangled photons and corresponding quantum memories are of central interest. Recently, 167Er3+ ions have been identified as a promising candidate for an efficient telecom quantum memory. However, to date, no storage of entangled photons, the crucial step of quantum memory using these promising ions, 167Er3+, has been reported. Here, we demonstrate the storage and retrieval of the entangled state of two telecom photons generated from an integrated photonic chip. Combining the natural narrow linewidth of the entangled photons and long storage time of 167Er3+ ions, we achieve storage time of 1.936 μs, more than 387 times longer than in previous works. Successful storage of entanglement in the crystal is certified using entanglement witness measurements. These results pave the way for realizing quantum networks based on solid-state devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hao Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyi Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian He
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Yang An
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Bo Xie
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Song Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid-state Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, 230088, Hefei, China.
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2
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Yu Z, Wu Z, Li X, Feng X, Huang W, Zhang K, Yuan CH, Zhang W, Chen LQ. Interferometry-Integrated Noise-Immune Quantum Memory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:150804. [PMID: 37897768 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.150804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
A quantum memory with the performances of low noise, high efficiency, and high bandwidth is of crucial importance for developing practical quantum information technologies. However, the excess noises generated during the highly efficient processing of quantum information inevitably destroy quantum state. Here, we present a quantum memory with built-in excess-noise eraser by integrating a photon-correlated quantum interferometry in quantum memory, where the memory efficiency can be enhanced and the excess noises can be suppressed to the vacuum level via destructive interference. This quantum memory is demonstrated in a rubidium vapor cell with a 10-ns-long photonics signal. We observe ∼80% noise suppression, the write-in efficiency enhancement from 87% to 96.2% without and with interferometry, and the corresponding memory efficiency excluding the noises from 70% to 77%. The fidelity is 93.7% at the single-photon level, significantly exceeding the no-cloning limit. Such interferometry-integrated quantum memory, the first expansion of quantum interference techniques to quantum information processing, simultaneously enables low noise, high bandwidth, high efficiency, and easy operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zeliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xuejie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaotian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wenfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Keye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chun-Hua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Shanghai Research center for Quantum Science, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - L Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
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3
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Rinner S, Burger F, Gritsch A, Schmitt J, Reiserer A. Erbium emitters in commercially fabricated nanophotonic silicon waveguides. NANOPHOTONICS 2023; 12:3455-3462. [PMID: 38013784 PMCID: PMC10432618 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantum memories integrated into nanophotonic silicon devices are a promising platform for large quantum networks and scalable photonic quantum computers. In this context, erbium dopants are particularly attractive, as they combine optical transitions in the telecommunications frequency band with the potential for second-long coherence time. Here, we show that these emitters can be reliably integrated into commercially fabricated low-loss waveguides. We investigate several integration procedures and obtain ensembles of many emitters with an inhomogeneous broadening of <2 GHz and a homogeneous linewidth of <30 kHz. We further observe the splitting of the electronic spin states in a magnetic field up to 9 T that freezes paramagnetic impurities. Our findings are an important step toward long-lived quantum memories that can be fabricated on a wafer-scale using CMOS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Rinner
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Quantum Networks Group, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Burger
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Quantum Networks Group, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Gritsch
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Quantum Networks Group, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmitt
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Quantum Networks Group, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Reiserer
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Quantum Networks Group, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748Garching, Germany
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4
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Liu DC, Li PY, Zhu TX, Zheng L, Huang JY, Zhou ZQ, Li CF, Guo GC. On-Demand Storage of Photonic Qubits at Telecom Wavelengths. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:210501. [PMID: 36461974 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.210501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantum memories at telecom wavelengths are crucial for the construction of large-scale quantum networks based on existing fiber networks. On-demand storage of telecom photonic qubits is an essential request for such networking applications but yet to be demonstrated. Here we demonstrate the storage and on-demand retrieval of telecom photonic qubits using a laser-written waveguide fabricated in an ^{167}Er^{3+}:Y_{2}SiO_{5} crystal. Both ends of the waveguide memory are directly connected with fiber arrays with a fiber-to-fiber efficiency of 51%. Storage fidelity of 98.3(1)% can be obtained for time-bin qubits encoded with single-photon-level coherent pulses, which is far beyond the maximal fidelity that can be achieved with a classical measure and prepared strategy. This device features high reliability and easy scalability, and it can be directly integrated into fiber networks, which could play an essential role in fiber-based quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan-Cheng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Pei-Yun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Tian-Xiang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jian-Yin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Zong-Quan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China and Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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5
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Podemski P, Gawełczyk M, Wyborski P, Salamon H, Burakowski M, Musiał A, Reithmaier JP, Benyoucef M, Sęk G. Spin memory effect in charged single telecom quantum dots. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:34024-34034. [PMID: 34809201 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single InP-based quantum dots emitting in the third telecom window are probed quasi-resonantly in polarization-resolved microphotoluminescence experiments. For charged quantum dots we observe negative circular polarization being a fingerprint of the optical spin writing of the carriers within the quantum dots. The investigated quantum dots have a very dense ladder of excited states providing relatively easy quasi-resonant optical excitation, and together with telecom wavelengths emission they bring quantum gates and memories closer to compatibility with fiber-optic communication.
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6
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Yasui S, Hiraishi M, Ishizawa A, Omi H, Kaji R, Adachi S, Tawara T. Precise spectroscopy of 167Er:Y 2SiO 5 based on laser frequency stabilization using a fiber laser comb. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:27137-27148. [PMID: 34615135 DOI: 10.1364/oe.433002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Precise spectroscopy of the hyperfine level system of 167Er-doped Y2SiO5 was achieved in the frequency domain. By using an optical frequency comb to stabilize the light source frequency to an accuracy on the order of hertz on a long-term scale, Allan deviation < 10 Hz was achieved for an integration time of 180 s. As a result, spectral hole-burning experiments yielded a more accurate hole spectrum with a narrow homogeneous linewidth. The method opens the way to the straightforward exploration of relaxation mechanisms in the frequency domain by simple steady-state measurements.
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7
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Elimination of noise in optically rephased photon echoes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4378. [PMID: 34282136 PMCID: PMC8289862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photon echo is a fundamental tool for the manipulation of electromagnetic fields. Unavoidable spontaneous emission noise is generated in this process due to the strong rephasing pulse, which limits the achievable signal-to-noise ratio and represents a fundamental obstacle towards their applications in the quantum regime. Here we propose a noiseless photon-echo protocol based on a four-level atomic system. We implement this protocol in a Eu3+:Y2SiO5 crystal to serve as an optical quantum memory. A storage fidelity of 0.952 ± 0.018 is obtained for time-bin qubits encoded with single-photon-level coherent pulses, which is far beyond the maximal fidelity achievable using the classical measure-and-prepare strategy. In this work, the demonstrated noiseless photon-echo quantum memory features spin-wave storage, easy operation and high storage fidelity, which should be easily extended to other physical systems.
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8
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Merkel B, Cova Fariña P, Reiserer A. Dynamical Decoupling of Spin Ensembles with Strong Anisotropic Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:030501. [PMID: 34328750 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ensembles of dopants have widespread applications in quantum technology. The miniaturization of corresponding devices is however hampered by dipolar interactions that reduce the coherence at increased dopant density. We theoretically and experimentally investigate this limitation. We find that dynamical decoupling can alleviate, but not fully eliminate, the decoherence in crystals with strong anisotropic spin-spin interactions that originate from an anisotropic g tensor. Our findings can be generalized to many quantum systems used for quantum sensing, microwave-to-optical conversion, and quantum memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Merkel
- Quantum Networks Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Pablo Cova Fariña
- Quantum Networks Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Andreas Reiserer
- Quantum Networks Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
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9
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Ma L, Slattery O, Tang X. Optical Quantum Memory and its Applications in Quantum Communication Systems. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 125:125002. [PMID: 35646477 PMCID: PMC9119665 DOI: 10.6028/jres.125.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical quantum memory is a device that can store the quantum state of photons and retrieve it on demand and with high fidelity. It is emerging as an essential device to enhance security, speed, scalability, and performance of many quantum systems used in communications, computing, metrology, and more. In this paper, we will specifically consider the impact of optical quantum memory on quantum communications systems. Following a general overview of the theoretical and experimental research progress in optical quantum memory, we will outline its role in quantum communications, including as a photon source, photon interference, quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum teleportation, quantum repeater, and quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology,Gaithersburg, MD 20899
USA
| | - Oliver Slattery
- National Institute of Standards and Technology,Gaithersburg, MD 20899
USA
| | - Xiao Tang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology,Gaithersburg, MD 20899
USA
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10
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Hua YL, Yang TS, Zhou ZQ, Wang J, Liu X, Li ZF, Li PY, Ma Y, Liu C, Liang PJ, Hu J, Li X, Li CF, Guo GC. Storage of telecom-C-band heralded single photons with orbital-angular-momentum encoding in a crystal. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1577-1583. [PMID: 36659569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A memory-based quantum repeater architecture provides a solution to distribute quantum information to an arbitrary long distance. Practical quantum repeaters are likely to be built in optical-fiber networks which take advantage of the low-loss transmission between quantum memory nodes. Most quantum memory platforms have characteristic atomic transitions away from the telecommunication band. A nondegenerate photon pair source is therefore useful for connection of a quantum memory to optical fibers. Here, we report a high-brightness narrowband photon-pair source which is compatible with a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal Pr3+:Y2SiO5. The photon-pair source is generated through a cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion process with the signal photon at 606 nm and the idler photon at 1540 nm. Moreover, using the telecom C-band idler photons for heralding, we demonstrate the reversible transfer of orbital-angular-momentum qubit between the signal photon and the quantum memory based on Pr3+:Y2SiO5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tian-Shu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zong-Quan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zong-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei-Yun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Peng-Jun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xue Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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11
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Lahad O, Finkelstein R, Davidson O, Michel O, Poem E, Firstenberg O. Recovering the Homogeneous Absorption of Inhomogeneous Media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:173203. [PMID: 31702257 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.173203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The resonant absorption of light by an ensemble of absorbers decreases when the resonance is inhomogeneously broadened. Recovering the lost absorption cross section is of great importance for various applications of light-matter interactions, particularly in quantum optics, but no recovery mechanism has yet been identified and successfully demonstrated. Here, we formulate the limit set by the inhomogeneity on the absorption, and present a mechanism able to circumvent this limit and fully recover the homogeneous absorption of the ensemble. We experimentally study this mechanism using two different level schemes in atomic vapors and demonstrate up to fivefold enhancement of the absorption above the inhomogeneous limit. Our scheme relies on light shifts induced by auxiliary fields and is thus applicable to various physical systems and inhomogeneity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohr Lahad
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ran Finkelstein
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Omri Davidson
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ohad Michel
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eilon Poem
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ofer Firstenberg
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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12
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Hiraishi M, IJspeert M, Tawara T, Adachi S, Kaji R, Omi H, Gotoh H. Optical coherent transients in 167Er 3+ at telecom-band wavelength. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4933-4936. [PMID: 31613232 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate optical coherent transients in a Λ-like hyperfine energy-level system of Er1673+ in yttrium orthosilicate (Y2SiO5) with telecom-band photons at a zero magnetic field. Spectral hole burning was used to study the temperature dependence of the induced spectral antihole. We find that temperatures below 3.0 K suppress population dissipation induced by electron-phonon interactions sufficiently to enable population initialization in the Λ-like system. Further, the pulse area dependence of photoluminescence (PL) from the Λ-like system was measured at 2.2 K. An optical pump power dependence of PL intensity shows Rabi oscillations that contain two full Rabi cycles at the frequency of 2π×810 kHz. A two-pulse photon echo measurement reveals an optical coherence time of 12 μs. To date, this measured optical coherence time is the longest observed for Er3+ in solids at zero magnetic field. These findings will facilitate optical coherent manipulation of Λ-like Er1673+ electronic states as a quantum memories operating at telecom-band wavelengths.
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13
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Horvath SP, Rakonjac JV, Chen YH, Longdell JJ, Goldner P, Wells JPR, Reid MF. Extending Phenomenological Crystal-Field Methods to C_{1} Point-Group Symmetry: Characterization of the Optically Excited Hyperfine Structure of ^{167}Er^{3+}:Y_{2}SiO_{5}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:057401. [PMID: 31491315 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.057401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show that crystal-field calculations for C_{1} point-group symmetry are possible, and that such calculations can be performed with sufficient accuracy to have substantial utility for rare-earth based quantum information applications. In particular, we perform crystal-field fitting for a C_{1}-symmetry site in ^{167}Er^{3+}:Y_{2}SiO_{5}. The calculation simultaneously includes site-selective spectroscopic data up to 20 000 cm^{-1}, rotational Zeeman data, and ground- and excited-state hyperfine structure determined from high-resolution Raman-heterodyne spectroscopy on the 1.5 μm telecom transition. We achieve an agreement of better than 50 MHz for assigned hyperfine transitions. The success of this analysis opens the possibility of systematically evaluating the coherence properties, as well as transition energies and intensities, of any rare-earth ion doped into Y_{2}SiO_{5}.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Horvath
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, PB 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, PB 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
| | - J V Rakonjac
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, PB 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
| | - Y-H Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, PB 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
| | - J J Longdell
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, PB 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
| | - P Goldner
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J-P R Wells
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, PB 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
| | - M F Reid
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, PB 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
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14
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Keil R, Zopf M, Chen Y, Höfer B, Zhang J, Ding F, Schmidt OG. Solid-state ensemble of highly entangled photon sources at rubidium atomic transitions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15501. [PMID: 28548092 PMCID: PMC5458563 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor InAs/GaAs quantum dots grown by the Stranski-Krastanov method are among the leading candidates for the deterministic generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs. Despite remarkable progress in the past 20 years, many challenges still remain for this material, such as the extremely low yield, the low degree of entanglement and the large wavelength distribution. Here, we show that with an emerging family of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots grown by droplet etching and nanohole infilling, it is possible to obtain a large ensemble of polarization-entangled photon emitters on a wafer without any post-growth tuning. Under pulsed resonant two-photon excitation, all measured quantum dots emit single pairs of entangled photons with ultra-high purity, high degree of entanglement and ultra-narrow wavelength distribution at rubidium transitions. Therefore, this material system is an attractive candidate for the realization of a solid-state quantum repeater-among many other key enabling quantum photonic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Keil
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Zopf
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bianca Höfer
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fei Ding
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.,Merge Technologies for Multifunctional Lightweight Structures, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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15
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Ma L, Slattery O, Tang X. Optical quantum memory based on electromagnetically induced transparency. JOURNAL OF OPTICS (2010) 2017; 19:043001. [PMID: 28828172 PMCID: PMC5562294 DOI: 10.1088/2040-8986/19/4/043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a promising approach to implement quantum memory in quantum communication and quantum computing applications. In this paper, following a brief overview of the main approaches to quantum memory, we provide details of the physical principle and theory of quantum memory based specifically on EIT. We discuss the key technologies for implementing quantum memory based on EIT and review important milestones, from the first experimental demonstration to current applications in quantum information systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ma
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
| | - Oliver Slattery
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
| | - Xiao Tang
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
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16
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Heshami K, England DG, Humphreys PC, Bustard PJ, Acosta VM, Nunn J, Sussman BJ. Quantum memories: emerging applications and recent advances. JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 2016; 63:2005-2028. [PMID: 27695198 PMCID: PMC5020357 DOI: 10.1080/09500340.2016.1148212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum light-matter interfaces are at the heart of photonic quantum technologies. Quantum memories for photons, where non-classical states of photons are mapped onto stationary matter states and preserved for subsequent retrieval, are technical realizations enabled by exquisite control over interactions between light and matter. The ability of quantum memories to synchronize probabilistic events makes them a key component in quantum repeaters and quantum computation based on linear optics. This critical feature has motivated many groups to dedicate theoretical and experimental research to develop quantum memory devices. In recent years, exciting new applications, and more advanced developments of quantum memories, have proliferated. In this review, we outline some of the emerging applications of quantum memories in optical signal processing, quantum computation and non-linear optics. We review recent experimental and theoretical developments, and their impacts on more advanced photonic quantum technologies based on quantum memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victor M. Acosta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Center for High Technology Materials, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joshua Nunn
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin J. Sussman
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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17
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Zhou ZY, Li Y, Ding DS, Zhang W, Shi S, Shi BS, Guo GC. Orbital angular momentum photonic quantum interface. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16019. [PMID: 30167117 PMCID: PMC6059842 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Light-carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has great potential in enhancing the information channel capacity in both classical and quantum optical communications. Long distance optical communication requires the wavelengths of light are situated in the low-loss communication windows, but most quantum memories currently being developed for use in a quantum repeater work at different wavelengths, so a quantum interface to bridge the wavelength gap is necessary. So far, such an interface for OAM-carried light has not been realized yet. Here, we report the first experimental realization of a quantum interface for a heralded single photon carrying OAM using a nonlinear crystal in an optical cavity. The spatial structures of input and output photons exhibit strong similarity. More importantly, single-photon coherence is preserved during up-conversion as demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bao-Sen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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18
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Jin J, Saglamyurek E, Puigibert MLG, Verma V, Marsili F, Nam SW, Oblak D, Tittel W. Telecom-Wavelength Atomic Quantum Memory in Optical Fiber for Heralded Polarization Qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:140501. [PMID: 26551798 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.140501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-encoded photons at telecommunication wavelengths provide a compelling platform for practical realizations of photonic quantum information technologies due to the ease of performing single qubit manipulations, the availability of polarization-entangled photon-pair sources, and the possibility of leveraging existing fiber-optic links for distributing qubits over long distances. An optical quantum memory compatible with this platform could serve as a building block for these technologies. Here we present the first experimental demonstration of an atomic quantum memory that directly allows for reversible mapping of quantum states encoded in the polarization degree of freedom of a telecom-wavelength photon. We show that heralded polarization qubits at a telecom wavelength are stored and retrieved with near-unity fidelity by implementing the atomic frequency comb protocol in an ensemble of erbium atoms doped into an optical fiber. Despite remaining limitations in our proof-of-principle demonstration such as small storage efficiency and storage time, our broadband light-matter interface reveals the potential for use in future quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwan Jin
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Erhan Saglamyurek
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Marcel lí Grimau Puigibert
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Varun Verma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Francesco Marsili
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - Sae Woo Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Daniel Oblak
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Tittel
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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19
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Bustard PJ, Erskine J, England DG, Nunn J, Hockett P, Lausten R, Spanner M, Sussman BJ. Nonclassical correlations between terahertz-bandwidth photons mediated by rotational quanta in hydrogen molecules. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:922-925. [PMID: 25768147 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantum photonics offers much promise for the development of new technologies. The ability to control the interaction of light and matter at the level of single quantum excitations is a prerequisite for the construction of potentially powerful devices. Here we use the rotational levels of a room temperature ensemble of hydrogen molecules to couple two distinct optical modes at the single photon level using femtosecond pulses with 2 THz bandwidth. We observe photon correlations that violate a Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, thereby verifying the creation of a nonclassical state. This work demonstrates the rich potential of molecules for use in ultrafast quantum photonic devices.
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20
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Quantum Light Storage in Solid State Atomic Ensembles. ENGINEERING THE ATOM-PHOTON INTERACTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19231-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Rare Earth-Doped Crystals for Quantum Information Processing. HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63260-9.00267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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22
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Thiel CW, Sinclair N, Tittel W, Cone RL. Tm 3+ Tm 3+ : Y3Ga5O12 materials for spectrally multiplexed quantum memories. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:160501. [PMID: 25361241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.160501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the relevant spectroscopic properties of the 795 nm (3)H(6)↔(3)H(4) transition in 1% Tm(3+):Y(3)Ga(5)O(12) at temperatures as low as 1.2 K for optical quantum memories based on persistent spectral tailoring of narrow absorption features. Our measurements reveal that this transition has uniform coherence properties over a 56 GHz bandwidth, and a simple hyperfine structure split by ± 44 MHz/T with lifetimes of up to hours. Furthermore, we find a (3)F(4) population lifetime of 64 ms-one of the longest lifetimes observed for an electronic level in a solid--and an exceptionally long coherence lifetime of 490 μs--the longest ever observed for optical transitions of Tm(3+) ions in a crystal. Our results suggest that this material allows realizing broadband quantum memories that enable spectrally multiplexed quantum repeaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Thiel
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - N Sinclair
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - W Tittel
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - R L Cone
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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23
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O'Brien C, Lauk N, Blum S, Morigi G, Fleischhauer M. Interfacing superconducting qubits and telecom photons via a rare-earth-doped crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:063603. [PMID: 25148328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.063603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to couple short single photon pulses to superconducting qubits. An optical photon is first absorbed into an inhomogeneously broadened rare-earth doped crystal using controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening. The optical excitation is then mapped into a spin state using a series of π pulses and subsequently transferred to a superconducting qubit via a microwave cavity. To overcome the intrinsic and engineered inhomogeneous broadening of the optical and spin transitions in rare-earth doped crystals, we make use of a special transfer protocol using staggered π pulses. We predict total transfer efficiencies on the order of 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher O'Brien
- Fachbereich Physik und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nikolai Lauk
- Fachbereich Physik und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Susanne Blum
- Theoretische Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Giovanna Morigi
- Theoretische Physik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Fleischhauer
- Fachbereich Physik und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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24
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Dajczgewand J, Le Gouët JL, Louchet-Chauvet A, Chanelière T. Large efficiency at telecom wavelength for optical quantum memories. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:2711-2714. [PMID: 24784084 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.002711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We implement the ROSE protocol in an erbium-doped solid, compatible with the telecom range. The ROSE scheme is an adaptation of the standard two-pulse photon echo to make it suitable for a quantum memory. We observe a retrieval efficiency of 40% for a weak laser pulse in the forward direction by using specific orientations of the light polarizations, magnetic field, and crystal axes.
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25
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A waveguide frequency converter connecting rubidium-based quantum memories to the telecom C-band. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3376. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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26
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Goto H, Nakamura S, Kujiraoka M, Ichimura K. Cavity-enhanced spectroscopy of a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal: observation of a power law for inhomogeneous broadening. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:24332-24343. [PMID: 24104343 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.024332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate cavity-enhanced spectroscopy of a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal (Pr³⁺:Y₂SiO₅). We succeeded in observing very small absorption due to the ions appropriately prepared by optical pumping, which corresponds to the single-pass absorption of 4 × 10-6. We also observed a power law for the inhomogeneous broadening of optical transitions of ions in the crystal. Compared with a theoretical model, the result of the power law indicates that the dominant origin of the inhomogeneous broadening may be some charged defects.
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27
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Efficient spectral hole-burning and atomic frequency comb storage in Nd(3+):YLiF4. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2754. [PMID: 24067549 PMCID: PMC3783034 DOI: 10.1038/srep02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present spectral hole-burning measurements of the 4I9/2 → 4F3/2 transition in Nd3+:YLiF4. The isotope shifts of Nd3+ can be directly resolved in the optical absorption spectrum. We report atomic frequency comb storage with an echo efficiency of up to 35% and a memory bandwidth of 60 MHz in this material. The interesting properties show the potential of this material for use in both quantum and classical information processing.
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28
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Fernandez-Gonzalvo X, Corrielli G, Albrecht B, Grimau ML, Cristiani M, de Riedmatten H. Quantum frequency conversion of quantum memory compatible photons to telecommunication wavelengths. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:19473-19487. [PMID: 24105495 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.019473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report an experiment demonstrating quantum frequency conversion of weak light pulses compatible with atomic quantum memories to telecommunication wavelengths. We use a PPLN nonlinear waveguide to convert weak coherent states at the single photon level with a duration of 30 ns from a wavelength of 780 nm to 1552 nm. We measure a maximal waveguide internal (external) conversion efficiency η(int) = 0.41 (η(ext) = 0.25), and we show that the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is good enough to reduce the input photon number below 1. In addition, we show that the noise generated by the pump beam in the crystal is proportional to the spectral bandwidth of the device, suggesting that narrower filtering could significantly increase the SNR. Finally, we demonstrate that the quantum frequency converter can operate in the quantum regime by converting a time-bin qubit and measuring the qubit fidelity after conversion.
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29
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Bustard PJ, Lausten R, England DG, Sussman BJ. Toward quantum processing in molecules: a THz-bandwidth coherent memory for light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:083901. [PMID: 24010439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.083901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The unusual features of quantum mechanics are enabling the development of technologies not possible with classical physics. These devices utilize nonclassical phenomena in the states of atoms, ions, and solid-state media as the basis for many prototypes. Here we investigate molecular states as a distinct alternative. We demonstrate a memory for light based on storing photons in the vibrations of hydrogen molecules. The THz-bandwidth molecular memory is used to store 100-fs pulses for durations up to ~1 ns, enabling ~10(4) operational time bins. The results demonstrate the promise of molecules for constructing compact ultrafast quantum photonic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Bustard
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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30
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Simmons S, Wu H, Morton JJL. Controlling and exploiting phases in multi-spin systems using electron spin resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:4794-4809. [PMID: 22946041 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The phase of a superposition state is a quintessential characteristic that differentiates a quantum bit of information from a classical one. This phase can be manipulated dynamically or geometrically, and can be exploited to sensitively estimate Hamiltonian parameters, perform faithful quantum state tomography and encode quantum information into multiple modes of an ensemble. Here we discuss the methods that we have employed to manipulate and exploit the phase information of single-, two-, multi-qubit and multi-mode spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Simmons
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
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31
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Zaske S, Lenhard A, Keßler CA, Kettler J, Hepp C, Arend C, Albrecht R, Schulz WM, Jetter M, Michler P, Becher C. Visible-to-telecom quantum frequency conversion of light from a single quantum emitter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:147404. [PMID: 23083285 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.147404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate efficient (>30%) quantum frequency conversion of visible single photons (711 nm) emitted by a quantum dot to a telecom wavelength (1313 nm). Analysis of the first- and second-order coherence before and after wavelength conversion clearly proves that pivotal properties, such as the coherence time and photon antibunching, are fully conserved during the frequency translation process. Our findings underline the great potential of single photon sources on demand in combination with quantum frequency conversion as a promising technique that may pave the way for a number of new applications in quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zaske
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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32
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Abstract
We introduce the characterization of a class of quantum PageRank algorithms in a scenario in which some kind of quantum network is realizable out of the current classical internet web, but no quantum computer is yet available. This class represents a quantization of the PageRank protocol currently employed to list web pages according to their importance. We have found an instance of this class of quantum protocols that outperforms its classical counterpart and may break the classical hierarchy of web pages depending on the topology of the web.
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33
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Gündoğan M, Ledingham PM, Almasi A, Cristiani M, de Riedmatten H. Quantum storage of a photonic polarization qubit in a solid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:190504. [PMID: 23003015 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.190504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the quantum storage and retrieval of photonic polarization quantum bits onto and out of a solid state storage device. The qubits are implemented with weak coherent states at the single photon level, and are stored for a predetermined time of 500 ns in a praseodymium doped crystal with a storage and retrieval efficiency of 10%, using the atomic frequency comb scheme. We characterize the storage by using quantum state tomography, and find that the average conditional fidelity of the retrieved qubits exceeds 95% for a mean photon number μ=0.4. This is significantly higher than a classical benchmark, taking into account the poissonian statistics and finite memory efficiency, which proves that our crystal functions as a quantum storage device for polarization qubits. These results extend the storage capabilities of solid state quantum light matter interfaces to polarization encoding, which is widely used in quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gündoğan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
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Curtz N, Thew R, Simon C, Gisin N, Zbinden H. Coherent frequency-down-conversion interface for quantum repeaters. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:22099-22104. [PMID: 20941111 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.022099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a coherence-preserving photon frequency down-conversion experiment based on difference-frequency generation in a periodically poled Lithium niobate waveguide, at the single-photon level. The coherence of the process has been demonstrated by measuring the phase coherence of pseudo single-photon time-bin qubits after frequency conversion with an interference visibility of >96 %. This interface could be of interest for quantum repeater based hybrid networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Curtz
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Sabooni M, Beaudoin F, Walther A, Lin N, Amari A, Huang M, Kröll S. Storage and recall of weak coherent optical pulses with an efficiency of 25%. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:060501. [PMID: 20867963 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.060501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally an efficient coherent rephasing scheme for the storage and recall of weak coherent light pulses in an inhomogeneously broadened optical transition in a Pr(3+):YSO crystal at 2.1 K. Precise optical pumping using a frequency stable (≈1 kHz linewidth) laser is employed to create a highly controllable atomic frequency comb structure. We report single photon level storage and retrieval efficiencies of 25%, based on coherent photon-echo-type reemission in the forward direction. The high efficiency is mainly a product of our highly controllable and precise ensemble-shaping technique. The coherence property of the quantum memory is proved through interference between a super-Gaussian pulse and the emitted echo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sabooni
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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Hedges MP, Longdell JJ, Li Y, Sellars MJ. Efficient quantum memory for light. Nature 2010; 465:1052-6. [PMID: 20577210 DOI: 10.1038/nature09081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Storing and retrieving a quantum state of light on demand, without corrupting the information it carries, is an important challenge in the field of quantum information processing. Classical measurement and reconstruction strategies for storing light must necessarily destroy quantum information as a consequence of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. There has been significant effort directed towards the development of devices-so-called quantum memories-capable of avoiding this penalty. So far, successful demonstrations of non-classical storage and on-demand recall have used atomic vapours and have been limited to low efficiencies, of less than 17 per cent, using weak quantum states with an average photon number of around one. Here we report a low-noise, highly efficient (up to 69 per cent) quantum memory for light that uses a solid-state medium. The device allows the storage and recall of light more faithfully than is possible using a classical memory, for weak coherent states at the single-photon level through to bright states of up to 500 photons. For input coherent states containing on average 30 photons or fewer, the performance exceeded the no-cloning limit. This guaranteed that more information about the inputs was retrieved from the memory than was left behind or destroyed, a feature that will provide security in communications applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan P Hedges
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
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Mapping multiple photonic qubits into and out of one solid-state atomic ensemble. Nat Commun 2010; 1:12. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Physics: Photon storage for telecoms. Nature 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/464145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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