1
|
Jiao Y, Hao L, Bai J, Fan J, Bai Z, Li W, Zhao J, Jia S. Dephasing of ultracold cesium 80D 5/2-Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:7545-7553. [PMID: 36859883 DOI: 10.1364/oe.479448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We study Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a cascade three-level atom involving 80D5/2 state in a strong interaction regime employing a cesium ultracold cloud. In our experiment, a strong coupling laser couples 6P3/2 to 80D5/2 transition, while a weak probe, driving 6S1/2 to 6P3/2 transition, probes the coupling induced EIT signal. At the two-photon resonance, we observe that the EIT transmission decreases slowly with time, which is a signature of interaction induced metastability. The dephasing rate γOD is extracted with optical depth OD = γODt. We find that the optical depth linearly increases with time at onset for a fixed probe incident photon number Rin before saturation. The dephasing rate shows a nonlinear dependence on Rin. The dephasing mechanism is mainly attributed to the strong dipole-dipole interactions, which leads to state transfer from nD5/2 to other Rydberg states. We demonstrate that the typical transfer time τ0(80D) obtained by the state selective field ionization technique is comparable with the decay time of EIT transmission τ0(EIT). The presented experiment provides a useful tool for investigating the strong nonlinear optical effects and metastable state in Rydberg many-body systems.
Collapse
|
2
|
Pistorius T, Kazemi J, Weimer H. Quantum Many-Body Dynamics of Driven-Dissipative Rydberg Polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:263604. [PMID: 33449759 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.263604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the propagation of strongly interacting Rydberg polaritons through an atomic medium in a one-dimensional optical lattice. We derive an effective single-band Hubbard model to describe the dynamics of the dark-state polaritons under realistic assumptions. Within this model, we analyze the driven-dissipative transport of polaritons through the system by considering a coherent drive on one side and by including the spontaneous emission of the metastable Rydberg state. Using a variational approach to solve the many-body problem, we find strong antibunching of the outgoing photons despite the losses from the Rydberg state decay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Pistorius
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Javad Kazemi
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hendrik Weimer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu SL, Li H, Zhou Q, Zhou GP, Zhao D, Belić MR, He JR, Zhao Y. Parity-time symmetry light bullets in a cold Rydberg atomic gas. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:16322-16332. [PMID: 32549457 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A scheme is proposed to generate stable light bullets (LBs) in a cold Rydberg atomic system with a parity-time (PT) symmetric potential, by utilizing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Using an incoherent population pumping between two low-lying levels and spatial modulations of control and auxiliary laser fields, we obtain a two-dimensional (2D) periodic optical potential with PT symmetry. Based on PT symmetry potential and the long-range Rydberg-Rydberg atomic interaction, the system may support slow LBs with low light intensity. Further, it is found that the local and non-local nonlinear coefficients and PT-symmetric potential can be tuned and used to manipulate the behavior of LBs.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wüster S. Quantum Zeno Suppression of Intramolecular Forces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:013001. [PMID: 28731744 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We show that Born-Oppenheimer surfaces can intrinsically decohere, implying loss of coherence among constituent electronic basis states. We consider the example of interatomic forces due to resonant dipole-dipole interactions within a dimer of highly excited Rydberg atoms, embedded in an ultracold gas. These forces rely on a coherent superposition of two-atom electronic states, which is destroyed by continuous monitoring of the dimer state through a detection scheme utilizing the background gas atoms. We show that this intrinsic decoherence of the molecular energy surface can gradually deteriorate a repulsive dimer state, causing a mixing of attractive and repulsive character. For sufficiently strong decoherence, a Zeno-like effect causes a complete cessation of interatomic forces. We finally show how short decohering pulses can controllably redistribute population between the different molecular energy surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Wüster
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey and Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 023, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Facchinetti G, Jenkins SD, Ruostekoski J. Storing Light with Subradiant Correlations in Arrays of Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:243601. [PMID: 28009199 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We show how strong light-mediated resonant dipole-dipole interactions between atoms can be utilized in a control and storage of light. The method is based on a high-fidelity preparation of a collective atomic excitation in a single correlated subradiant eigenmode in a lattice. We demonstrate how a simple phenomenological model captures the qualitative features of the dynamics and sharp transmission resonances that may find applications in sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Facchinetti
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - S D Jenkins
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gaul C, DeSalvo BJ, Aman JA, Dunning FB, Killian TC, Pohl T. Resonant Rydberg Dressing of Alkaline-Earth Atoms via Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:243001. [PMID: 27367387 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We develop an approach to generate finite-range atomic interactions via optical Rydberg-state excitation and study the underlying excitation dynamics in theory and experiment. In contrast to previous work, the proposed scheme is based on resonant optical driving and the establishment of a dark state under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Analyzing the driven dissipative dynamics of the atomic gas, we show that the interplay between coherent light coupling, radiative decay, and strong Rydberg-Rydberg atom interactions leads to the emergence of sizable effective interactions while providing remarkably long coherence times. The latter are studied experimentally in a cold gas of strontium atoms for which the proposed scheme is most efficient. Our measured atom loss is in agreement with the theoretical prediction based on binary effective interactions between the driven atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gaul
- Max-Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - B J DeSalvo
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - J A Aman
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - F B Dunning
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - T C Killian
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
| | - T Pohl
- Max-Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bai Z, Huang G. Enhanced third-order and fifth-order Kerr nonlinearities in a cold atomic system via Rydberg-Rydberg interaction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:4442-4461. [PMID: 29092273 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.004442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the optical Kerr nonlinearities of an ensemble of cold Rydberg atoms under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). By using an approach beyond mean-field theory, we show that the system possesses not only enhanced third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, but also giant fifth-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, which has a cubic dependence on atomic density. Our results demonstrate that both the third-order and the fifth-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities consist of two parts, contributed respectively by photon-atom interaction and Rydberg-Rydberg interaction. The Kerr nonlinearity induced by the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction plays a leading role at high atomic density. We find that the fifth-order nonlinear optical susceptibility in the Rydberg-EIT system may be five orders of magnitude larger than that obtained in traditional EIT systems. The results obtained may have promising applications in light and quantum information processing and transmission at weak-light level.
Collapse
|
8
|
Schönleber DW, Eisfeld A, Genkin M, Whitlock S, Wüster S. Quantum simulation of energy transport with embedded Rydberg aggregates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:123005. [PMID: 25860741 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.123005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that an array of ultracold Rydberg atoms embedded in a laser driven background gas can serve as an aggregate for simulating exciton dynamics and energy transport with a controlled environment. Energetic disorder and decoherence introduced by the interaction with the background gas atoms can be controlled by the laser parameters. This allows for an almost ideal realization of a Haken-Reineker-Strobl-type model for energy transport. The transport can be monitored using the same mechanism that provides control over the environment. The degree of decoherence is traced back to information gained on the excitation location through the monitoring, turning the setup into an experimentally accessible model system for studying the effects of quantum measurements on the dynamics of a many-body quantum system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D W Schönleber
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Eisfeld
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Genkin
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Whitlock
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Wüster
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Olmos B, Lesanovsky I, Garrahan JP. Out-of-equilibrium evolution of kinetically constrained many-body quantum systems under purely dissipative dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:042147. [PMID: 25375478 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.042147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We explore the relaxation dynamics of quantum many-body systems that undergo purely dissipative dynamics through non-classical jump operators that can establish quantum coherence. Our goal is to shed light on the differences in the relaxation dynamics that arise in comparison to systems evolving via classical rate equations. In particular, we focus on a scenario where both quantum and classical dissipative evolution lead to a stationary state with the same values of diagonal or "classical" observables. As a basis for illustrating our ideas we use spin systems whose dynamics becomes correlated and complex due to dynamical constraints, inspired by kinetically constrained models (KCMs) of classical glasses. We show that in the quantum case the relaxation can be orders of magnitude slower than the classical one due to the presence of quantum coherences. Aspects of these idealized quantum KCMs become manifest in a strongly interacting Rydberg gas under electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) conditions in an appropriate limit. Beyond revealing a link between this Rydberg gas and the rather abstract dissipative KCMs of quantum glassy systems, our study sheds light on the limitations of the use of classical rate equations for capturing the non-equilibrium behavior of this many-body system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Olmos
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Juan P Garrahan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Otterbach J, Lemeshko M. Dissipative preparation of spatial order in Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:070401. [PMID: 25170691 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.070401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a technique for engineering momentum-dependent dissipation in Bose-Einstein condensates with nonlocal interactions. The scheme relies on the use of momentum-dependent dark states in close analogy to velocity-selective coherent population trapping. During the short-time dissipative dynamics, the system is driven into a particular finite-momentum phonon mode, which in real space corresponds to an ordered structure with nonlocal density-density correlations. Dissipation-induced ordering can be observed and studied in present-day experiments using cold atoms with dipole-dipole or off-resonant Rydberg interactions. Because of its dissipative nature, the ordering does not require artificial breaking of translational symmetry by an optical lattice or harmonic trap. This opens up a perspective of direct cooling of quantum gases into strongly interacting phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Otterbach
- Physics Department, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mikhail Lemeshko
- Physics Department, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
He B, Sharypov AV, Sheng J, Simon C, Xiao M. Two-photon dynamics in coherent Rydberg atomic ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:133606. [PMID: 24745419 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.133606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the interaction of two photons in a Rydberg atomic ensemble under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency, combining a semiclassical approach for pulse propagation and a complete quantum treatment for quantum state evolution. We find that the blockade regime is not suitable for implementing photon-photon cross-phase modulation due to pulse absorption and dispersion. However, approximately ideal cross-phase modulation can be realized based on relatively weak interactions, with counterpropagating and transversely separated pulses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2 N 1N4, Canada and Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - A V Sharypov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, 50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia and Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Avenue, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Jiteng Sheng
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Christoph Simon
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2 N 1N4, Canada
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lemeshko M, Weimer H. Dissipative binding of atoms by non-conservative forces. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2230. [PMID: 23896951 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
13
|
Bannasch G, Killian TC, Pohl T. Strongly coupled plasmas via Rydberg blockade of cold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:253003. [PMID: 23829735 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.253003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a new scheme to produce ultracold neutral plasmas deep in the strongly coupled regime. The method exploits the interaction blockade between cold atoms excited to high-lying Rydberg states and therefore does not require substantial extensions of current ultracold plasma experiments. Extensive simulations reveal a universal behavior of the resulting Coulomb coupling parameter, providing a direct connection between the physics of strongly correlated Rydberg gases and ultracold plasmas. The approach is shown to reduce currently accessible temperatures by more than an order of magnitude, which opens up a new regime for ultracold plasma research and cold ion-beam applications with readily available experimental techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bannasch
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng H, Zhao Y, Yuan C, Zhang Z, Che J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Dressed multi-wave mixing process with Rydberg blockade. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:11728-11746. [PMID: 23736395 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.011728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the way to control multi-wave mixing (MWM) process in Rydberg atoms via the interaction between Rydberg blockade and light field dressing effect. Considering both of the primary and secondary blockades, we theoretically study the MWM process in both diatomic and quadratomic systems, in which the enhancement, suppression and avoided crossing can be affected by the atomic internuclear distance or external electric field intensity. In the diatomic system, we also can eliminate the primary blockade by the dressing effect. Such investigations have potential applications in quantum computing with Rydberg atom as the carrier of qubit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaibin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Baluktsian T, Huber B, Löw R, Pfau T. Evidence for strong van der Waals type Rydberg-Rydberg interaction in a thermal vapor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:123001. [PMID: 25166800 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.123001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present evidence for Rydberg-Rydberg interaction in a gas of rubidium atoms above room temperature. Rabi oscillations on the nanosecond time scale to different Rydberg states are investigated in a vapor cell experiment. Analyzing the atomic time evolution and comparing to a dephasing model, we find a scaling with the Rydberg quantum number n that is consistent with van der Waals interaction. Our results show that the interaction strength can be larger than the kinetic energy scale (Doppler width), which is the requirement for realization of thermal quantum devices in the GHz regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Baluktsian
- 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B Huber
- 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R Löw
- 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yao NY, Laumann CR, Gorshkov AV, Bennett SD, Demler E, Zoller P, Lukin MD. Topological flat bands from dipolar spin systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:266804. [PMID: 23368600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.266804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a physical system that naturally admits two-dimensional topological nearly flat bands. Our approach utilizes an array of three-level dipoles (effective S=1 spins) driven by inhomogeneous electromagnetic fields. The dipolar interactions produce arbitrary uniform background gauge fields for an effective collection of conserved hard-core bosons, namely, the dressed spin flips. These gauge fields result in topological band structures, whose band gap can be larger than the corresponding bandwidth. Exact diagonalization of the full interacting Hamiltonian at half-filling reveals the existence of superfluid, crystalline, and supersolid phases. An experimental realization using either ultracold polar molecules or spins in the solid state is considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Y Yao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Henkel N, Cinti F, Jain P, Pupillo G, Pohl T. Supersolid vortex crystals in Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:265301. [PMID: 23004994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.265301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study rotating quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates, in which atoms are dressed to a highly excited Rydberg state. This leads to weak effective interactions that induce a transition to a mesoscopic supersolid state. Considering slow rotation, we determine its superfluidity using quantum Monte Carlo simulations as well as mean field calculations. For rapid rotation, the latter reveal an interesting competition between the supersolid crystal structure and the rotation-induced vortex lattice that gives rise to new phases, including arrays of mesoscopic vortex crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Henkel
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Günter G, Robert-de-Saint-Vincent M, Schempp H, Hofmann CS, Whitlock S, Weidemüller M. Interaction enhanced imaging of individual Rydberg atoms in dense gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:013002. [PMID: 22304259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new all-optical method to image individual Rydberg atoms embedded within dense gases of ground state atoms. The scheme exploits interaction-induced shifts on highly polarizable excited states of probe atoms, which can be spatially resolved via an electromagnetically induced transparency resonance. Using a realistic model, we show that it is possible to image individual Rydberg atoms with enhanced sensitivity and high resolution despite photon-shot noise and atomic density fluctuations. This new imaging scheme could be extended to other impurities such as ions, and is ideally suited to equilibrium and dynamical studies of complex many-body phenomena involving strongly interacting particles. As an example we study blockade effects and correlations in the distribution of Rydberg atoms optically excited from a dense gas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Günter
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Petrosyan D, Otterbach J, Fleischhauer M. Electromagnetically induced transparency with Rydberg atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:213601. [PMID: 22181878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a theory of electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. Long-range interactions between the atoms constrain the medium to behave as a collection of superatoms, each comprising a blockade volume that can accommodate at most one Rydberg excitation. The propagation of a probe field is affected by its two-photon correlations within the blockade distance, which are strongly damped due to low saturation threshold of the superatoms. Our model is computationally very efficient and is in quantitative agreement with the results of the recent experiment of Pritchard et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 193603 (2010)].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Petrosyan
- Fachbereich Physik und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sevinçli S, Henkel N, Ates C, Pohl T. Nonlocal nonlinear optics in cold Rydberg gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:153001. [PMID: 22107290 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.153001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present an analytical theory for the nonlinear optical response of a strongly interacting Rydberg gas under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. Simple formulas for the third-order optical susceptibility are derived and shown to be in excellent agreement with recent experiments. The obtained expressions reveal strong nonlinearities, which in addition are of highly nonlocal character. This property together with the enormous strength of the Rydberg-induced nonlinearities is shown to yield a unique laboratory platform for nonlinear wave phenomena, such as collapse-arrested modulational instabilities in a self-defocusing medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sevinçli
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gorshkov AV, Otterbach J, Fleischhauer M, Pohl T, Lukin MD. Photon-photon interactions via Rydberg blockade. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:133602. [PMID: 22026852 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.133602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We develop the theory of light propagation under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency in systems involving strongly interacting Rydberg states. Taking into account the quantum nature and the spatial propagation of light, we analyze interactions involving few-photon pulses. We show that this system can be used for the generation of nonclassical states of light including trains of single photons with an avoided volume between them, for implementing photon-photon gates, as well as for studying many-body phenomena with strongly correlated photons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Gorshkov
- Institute for Quantum Information, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang B, Wu JH, Yan XZ, Wang L, Zhang XJ, Gao JY. Coherence generation and population transfer by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and π pulse in a four-level ladder system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:12000-12007. [PMID: 21716434 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.012000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new scheme for achieving the complete population transfer and the optimal coherence generation between the ground state and the Rydberg state in a four-level ladder system by combining the STIRAP or fractional STIRAP technique and the π pulse technique. We consider, in particular, two different situations where spontaneous emission from the two highest states are neglected or not. Our numerical calculations show that the time width and the delay time of the π pulse are two critical parameters for attaining the maximal population transfer and coherence generation in this scheme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Weimer H, Büchler HP. Two-stage melting in systems of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:230403. [PMID: 21231432 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.230403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the ground state properties of a one-dimensional cold atomic system in a lattice, where Rydberg excitations are created by an external laser drive. In the classical limit, the ground state is characterized by a complete devil's staircase for the commensurate solid structures of Rydberg excitations. Using perturbation theory and a mapping onto an effective low-energy Hamiltonian, we find a transition of these commensurate solids into a floating solid with algebraic correlations. For stronger quantum fluctuations the floating solid eventually melts within a second quantum phase transition and the ground state becomes paramagnetic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Weimer
- Institute of Theoretical Physics III, Universität Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Millen J, Lochead G, Jones MPA. Two-electron excitation of an interacting cold Rydberg gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:213004. [PMID: 21231300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.213004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the creation of an interacting cold Rydberg gas of strontium atoms. We show that the excitation spectrum of the inner valence electron is sensitive to the interactions in the Rydberg gas, even though they are mediated by the outer Rydberg electron. By studying the evolution of this spectrum we observe density-dependent population transfer to a state of higher angular momentum l. We determine the fraction of Rydberg atoms transferred, and identify the dominant transfer mechanism to be l-changing electron-Rydberg collisions associated with the formation of a cold plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Millen
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pritchard JD, Maxwell D, Gauguet A, Weatherill KJ, Jones MPA, Adams CS. Cooperative atom-light interaction in a blockaded Rydberg ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:193603. [PMID: 21231168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.193603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
By coupling a probe transition to a Rydberg state using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) we map the strong dipole-dipole interactions onto an optical field. We characterize the resulting cooperative optical nonlinearity as a function of probe strength and density. We demonstrate good quantitative agreement between the experiment and an N-atom cooperative model for N=3 atoms per blockade sphere and the n=60 Rydberg state. The measured linewidth of the EIT resonance places an upper limit on the dephasing rate of the blockade spheres of <110 kHz.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Pritchard
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Rochester Building, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|