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Pan Y, Chen F, Li Y, Yang W, Sun L, Yi Z. A carbon nanotube metamaterial sensor showing slow light properties based on double plasmon-induced transparency. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16096-16106. [PMID: 38780318 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed a bifunctional sensor of high sensitivity and slow light based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). An array of left semicircular ring (LSR), right semicircular ring (RSR), and circular ring (CR) resonators are utilized to form the proposed metamaterial. The proposed structure can achieve double plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effects under the excitation of a TM-polarization wave. The double PIT originated from the destructive interference between two bright modes and a dark mode. A coupled harmonic oscillator model is used to describe the destructive interference between the two bright modes and a dark mode, and the simulation results agree well with the calculated results. Moreover, we investigate the influence of the coupling distance, period, and flare angle on the PIT spectra. The relationship between the resonant frequencies, full width at half maximum (FWHM), amplitudes, quality factors (Q), and the coupling distance is also studied. Finally, a high sensitivity of 1.02 THz RIU-1 is obtained, and the transmission performance can be maintained at a good level when the incident angle is less than 40°. Thus, the sensor can cope with situations where electromagnetic waves are not perpendicular to the structure's surface. The maximum figure of merit (FOM) can reach about 8.26 RIU-1; to verify the slow light property of the device, the slow light performance of the proposed structure is investigated, and a maximum time delay (TD) of 22.26 ps is obtained. The proposed CNT-based metamaterial can be used in electromagnetically induced transparency applications, such as sensors, optical memory devices, and flexible terahertz functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Pan
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuchang Li
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihui Sun
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Information Photonics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zao Yi
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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2
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Di K, Du J. High-efficiency all-optical switching based on broadband coherent perfect absorption in an atom-cavity system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:20695-20705. [PMID: 38859445 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
We propose an ultrahigh-efficiency and broadband all-optical switching scheme based on coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in linear and nonlinear excitation regimes in a cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system. Two separate atomic transitions are excited simultaneously by two signal fields coupled from two ends of an optical cavity under the collective strong coupling condition. Three polariton eigenstates are produced which can be tuned freely by varying system parameters. The output field intensities of multiple channels are zero when the CPA criterion is satisfied. However, destructive quantum interference can be induced by a free-space weak control laser when it is tuned to be resonant to the polariton state. As a consequence, the CQED system acts as a coherent perfect light absorber/transmitter as the control field is turned on/off the polariton resonances. In particular, the proposed scheme may be used to realize broadband multi-throw all-optical switching in the nonlinear excitation regime. The proposed scheme is useful for constructing all-optical routing, all-optical communication networks and various all-optical logic elements.
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3
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Euvé LP, Pham K, Porter R, Petitjeans P, Pagneux V, Maurel A. Perfect Resonant Absorption of Guided Water Waves by Autler-Townes Splitting. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:204002. [PMID: 38039487 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.204002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The control of guided water wave propagation based on the Autler-Townes splitting resonance concept is demonstrated experimentally, numerically, and theoretically. Complete wave absorption is achieved using an asymmetric pointlike scatterer made of two closely spaced resonant side channels connected to a guide and designed so that its energy leakage is in perfect balance with the inherent viscous losses in the system. We demonstrate that the nature of the resonators and guide junction completely controls the positions of the wave numbers at the reflection and transmission zeros on the real axis; the asymmetry of the resonators completely controls their positions on the imaginary axis. Thus, by adjusting these two independent parameters, we obtain a zero reflection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-P Euvé
- PMMH, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - K Pham
- LMI, UME, ENSTA-Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - R Porter
- School of Mathematics, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom
| | - P Petitjeans
- PMMH, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - V Pagneux
- LAUM, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, Le Mans Université, CNRS, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - A Maurel
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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4
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Dogra S, Vepsäläinen A, Paraoanu GS. Experimental demonstration of robustness under scaling errors for superadiabatic population transfer in a superconducting circuit. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20210274. [PMID: 36335943 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We study experimentally and theoretically the transfer of population between the ground state and the second excited state in a transmon circuit by the use of superadiabatic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (saSTIRAP). We show that the transfer is remarkably resilient against variations in the amplitudes of the pulses (scaling errors), thus demostrating that the superadiabatic process inherits certain robustness features from the adiabatic one. In particular, we provide new evidence of a plateau that appears at high values of the counterdiabatic pulse strength, which goes beyond the usual framework of saSTIRAP. This article is part of the theme issue 'Shortcuts to adiabaticity: theoretical, experimental and interdisciplinary perspectives'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Dogra
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Antti Vepsäläinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Gheorghe Sorin Paraoanu
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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5
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Circuit quantum electrodynamics with dressed states of a superconducting artificial atom. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22308. [PMID: 36566268 PMCID: PMC9789979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamical control of the coupling strengths between dressed states and probe photon states is demonstrated with a transmon-like artificial atom coupled to two closely spaced resonant modes. When the atom is driven with one mode, the atom state and driving photon states form the so-called dressed states. Dressed states with sideband index up to 3 were prepared and probed via the strong coupling to the other resonant mode. Spectroscopy reveals that the coupling strengths are "dressed" and can be modulated by the power and sideband index of the driving. The transmission of the probe tone is modulated by the driving microwave amplitude with a Bessel behavior, displaying multi-photon process associated with the inter-atomic level transitions.
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6
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Ma L, Lei X, Yan J, Li R, Chai T, Yan Z, Jia X, Xie C, Peng K. High-performance cavity-enhanced quantum memory with warm atomic cell. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2368. [PMID: 35501315 PMCID: PMC9061733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHigh-performance quantum memory for quantized states of light is a prerequisite building block of quantum information technology. Despite great progresses of optical quantum memories based on interactions of light and atoms, physical features of these memories still cannot satisfy requirements for applications in practical quantum information systems, since all of them suffer from trade-off between memory efficiency and excess noise. Here, we report a high-performance cavity-enhanced electromagnetically-induced-transparency memory with warm atomic cell in which a scheme of optimizing the spatial and temporal modes based on the time-reversal approach is applied. The memory efficiency up to 67 ± 1% is directly measured and a noise level close to quantum noise limit is simultaneously reached. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the average fidelities for a set of input coherent states with different phases and amplitudes within a Gaussian distribution have exceeded the classical benchmark fidelities. Thus the realized quantum memory platform has been capable of preserving quantized optical states, and is ready to be applied in quantum information systems, such as distributed quantum logic gates and quantum-enhanced atomic magnetometry.
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7
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Han Y, Zhang W, Li W. All-optical pulse switching with a periodically driven dissipative quantum system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:7987-8001. [PMID: 35299550 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
All-optical switching used to switch the input optical signals without any electro-optical conversion plays a vital role in the next generation of optical information processing devices. Even all-optical switchings (AOSs) with continuous input signals have been widely studied, all-optical pulse switchings (AOPSs) whose input signals are pulse sequences have rarely been investigated because of the time-dependent Hamiltonian, especially for dissipative quantum systems. In this paper, we propose an AOPS scheme, where a strong pulsed field is used to switch another pulsed input signal. With the help of Floquet-Lindblad theory, we identify the control field that can effectively turn on/off the input signal whose amplitude envelope is a square-wave (SW) pulse train in a three-level dissipative system. By comparing the properties of the AOPSs controlled by a continuous-wave (CW) field and an SW control field, we find that the SW field is more suitable to be a practical tool for controlling the input SW signal. It is interesting to impress that the switching efficacy is robust against pulse errors. The proposed protocol is readily implemented in atomic gases or superconducting circuits and corresponds to AOPSs or all-microwave pulse switchings.
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8
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Wang L, Zhu Y. Interaction-free bidirectional multi-channel all-optical switching in a multi-level coupling atom-cavity system. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:830-833. [PMID: 35167536 DOI: 10.1364/ol.445468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme of interaction-free bidirectional multi-channel all-optical switching in a multi-level coupling system consisting of four-level atoms confined in a cavity and coupled by a free-space control laser. A signal laser field is coupled into the cavity and excites two separate transitions of atoms simultaneously under the collective strong coupling condition. The transmission and reflection of signal fields form bidirectional output channels. A free-space control laser induces destructive quantum interference in the multi-level excitation of an atom-cavity system, which can be used to switch on/off the output signal lights of transmission/reflection channels. There is no direct coupling of control light and signal light through the cavity-confined atoms because the output of signal light is nearly totally suppressed to the opposite direction when control light is present. The proposed all-optical switching scheme can be realized with high switching efficiency, broad bandwidth, and weak light intensity. It may be useful for future devices of optical routing, optical communications, and various quantum logic elements.
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9
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Hu Q, Dong J, Yin J, Zou B, Zhang Y. Two-photon scattering and correlation in a four-terminal waveguide system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35664-35677. [PMID: 34808996 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Scattering and correlation properties of a two-photon (TP) pulse are studied in a four-terminal waveguide system, i.e., two one-dimensional waveguides connected by a Jaynes-Cummings emitter (JCE). The wave function approach is utilized to exactly calculate the real-time dynamic evolution of the TP transport. When the width of the incident TP Gaussian pulse is much larger than the photon wavelength, the TP transmission spectra approach that of the corresponding single photon cases and are almost independent of the pulse width. On the contrary, as the pulse width is comparable to the photon wavelength, the TP transmission and correlation both show strong dependence on the pulse width. The resonant scattering due to the JCE and the photon interference together determine the TP correlation. When the distance between the TPs is small, the TP correlations between any two terminals for the scattered TP pulse are much different from those for the incident TP pulse and therefore, such a four-terminal waveguide system provides a way to control the TP correlation.
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10
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Gevorgyan AH. Magnetically induced linear,nonreciprocal, and tunable transparency. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:3616-3619. [PMID: 34329238 DOI: 10.1364/ol.426980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the theoretical discovery of a new effect, namely, the effect of magnetically induced transparency. The effect is observed in a magnetically active helically structured periodical medium. Changing the external magnetic field and absorption, one can tune the frequency and the linewidth of the transparency band.
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11
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Gevorgyan AH, Golik SS, Vanyushkin NA, Efimov IM, Rafayelyan MS, Gharagulyan H, Sarukhanyan TM, Hautyunyan MZ, Matinyan GK. Magnetically Induced Transparency in Media with Helical Dichroic Structure. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2172. [PMID: 33922848 PMCID: PMC8122990 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In our paper, the magneto-optical properties of a dichroic cholesteric liquid crystal layer with large values of magneto-optical parameter g and low values of dielectric permittivity were investigated. The solutions of the dispersion equation and their peculiarities were investigated in detail. The specific properties of reflection, transmission, absorption, rotation, ellipticity spectra and also the spectra of ellipticity and azimuth of eigen polarization were investigated. The existence of a tunable linear and nonreciprocal transmission band was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashot H. Gevorgyan
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (S.S.G.); (N.A.V.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Sergey S. Golik
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (S.S.G.); (N.A.V.); (I.M.E.)
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Vanyushkin
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (S.S.G.); (N.A.V.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Ilya M. Efimov
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (S.S.G.); (N.A.V.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Mushegh S. Rafayelyan
- Department of Physics, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manukyan Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia; (M.S.R.); (T.M.S.); (M.Z.H.)
| | - Hermine Gharagulyan
- Institute of Chemical Physics NAS RA, 5/2, P. Sevak Str., 0014 Yerevan, Armenia;
| | - Tatevik M. Sarukhanyan
- Department of Physics, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manukyan Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia; (M.S.R.); (T.M.S.); (M.Z.H.)
| | - Meruzhan Z. Hautyunyan
- Department of Physics, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manukyan Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia; (M.S.R.); (T.M.S.); (M.Z.H.)
| | - Gvidon K. Matinyan
- Department of Agrarian Engineering, Armenian National Agrarian University, 74, Terian Str., 0009 Yerevan, Armenia;
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12
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Wang C, Jiang X, Sweeney WR, Hsu CW, Liu Y, Zhao G, Peng B, Zhang M, Jiang L, Stone AD, Yang L. Induced transparency by interference or polarization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2012982118. [PMID: 33397810 PMCID: PMC7826374 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012982118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization of optical fields is a crucial degree of freedom in the all-optical analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). However, the physical origins of EIT and polarization-induced phenomena have not been well distinguished, which can lead to confusion in associated applications such as slow light and optical/quantum storage. Here we study the polarization effects in various optical EIT systems. We find that a polarization mismatch between whispering gallery modes in two indirectly coupled resonators can induce a narrow transparency window in the transmission spectrum resembling the EIT lineshape. However, such polarization-induced transparency (PIT) is distinct from EIT: It originates from strong polarization rotation effects and shows a unidirectional feature. The coexistence of PIT and EIT provides additional routes for the manipulation of light flow in optical resonator systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Wang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - William R Sweeney
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Chia Wei Hsu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Guangming Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Mengzhen Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Liang Jiang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - A Douglas Stone
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130;
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13
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Yurtalan MA, Shi J, Kononenko M, Lupascu A, Ashhab S. Implementation of a Walsh-Hadamard Gate in a Superconducting Qutrit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:180504. [PMID: 33196217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.180504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have implemented a Walsh-Hadamard gate, which performs a quantum Fourier transform, in a superconducting qutrit. The qutrit is encoded in the lowest three energy levels of a capacitively shunted flux device, operated at the optimal flux-symmetry point. We use an efficient decomposition of the Walsh-Hadamard gate into two unitaries, generated by off-diagonal and diagonal Hamiltonians, respectively. The gate implementation utilizes simultaneous driving of all three transitions between the three pairs of energy levels of the qutrit, one of which is implemented with a two-photon process. The gate has a duration of 35 ns and an average fidelity over a representative set of states, including preparation and tomography errors, of 99.2%, characterized with quantum-state tomography. Compensation of ac-Stark and Bloch-Siegert shifts is essential for reaching high gate fidelities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Yurtalan
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J Shi
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - M Kononenko
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - A Lupascu
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - S Ashhab
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Qatar
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14
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Andersson G, Ekström MK, Delsing P. Electromagnetically Induced Acoustic Transparency with a Superconducting Circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:240402. [PMID: 32639822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.240402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a mechanical field, where a superconducting artificial atom is coupled to a 1D-transmission line for surface acoustic waves. An electromagnetic microwave drive is used as the control field, rendering the superconducting transmon qubit transparent to the acoustic probe beam. The strong frequency dependence of the acoustic coupling enables EIT in a ladder configuration due to the suppressed relaxation of the upper level. Our results show that superconducting circuits can be engineered to interact with acoustic fields in parameter regimes not readily accessible to purely electromagnetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Andersson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9 SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Maria K Ekström
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9 SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per Delsing
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9 SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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15
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Wang C, Wang F, Hu X. Phase control of reservoir engineering for quantum entanglement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:17757-17772. [PMID: 32679979 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that the reservoir engineering can be controlled by the collective phase Φ of three coherent fields interacting with a closed Δ-type atom. We find that the atomic system acts as a one-channel dissipation reservoir when Φ = 0(π), but it behaves as a two-channel dissipation reservoir for Φ ≠ 0(π). The phase-dependent reservoir engineering provides a convenient way to produce robust two-mode squeezing and entanglement, which may find potential applications in quantum information processing.
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16
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Liao Q, Xiao X, Nie W, Zhou N. Transparency and tunable slow-fast light in a hybrid cavity optomechanical system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:5288-5305. [PMID: 32121753 DOI: 10.1364/oe.382254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) phenomenon in a hybrid optomechanical system composing of an optomechanical cavity and a traditional one. A Kerr medium is inserted in the optomechanical cavity and the other traps the atomic ensemble. We demonstrate the appearance of electromagnetically and optomechanically induced transparency when there is only Kerr medium or atoms in the system. We give an explicit explanation for the mechanism of the transparency. Moreover, we set up new scheme for the measurement of Kerr coefficient and the single atom-photon coupling strength. It is shown that Kerr nonlinearity can inhibit the normal mode splitting (NMS) when the tunnel strength is strong coupling. Furthermore, in the output field, slow light and fast light are converted to realize the tunable switch from slow light to fast light. This study has some important guiding significance in the fields of the high precision measurement and quantum information processing.
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17
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Chien WC, Hsieh YL, Chen CH, Dubyna D, Wu CS, Kuo W. Optical amplification assisted by two-photon processes in a 3-level transmon artificial atom. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:36088-36099. [PMID: 31873395 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.036088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study interactions between two microwave fields mediated by 3-level transmon artificial atom with two-photon processes. The transmon has good selection rule, preventing one-photon transition, but allowing two-photon transition from ground state(0) to 2nd excited state(2). By pumping a control tone in resonance to the transition between 1st(1) and 2nd excited state(2), we control the one-photon transparency for 0 to 1 transition and two-photon transparency for 0 to 2 transition. The results are explained by the Autler-Townes splitting induced by the control microwave. In addition, two possible microwave amplification processes involving two-photon processes are also studied. The 4-wave mixing scheme increases the transmission by 3% while 2-photon optical pumping produces a 11% narrowband increment. All these phenomena can be operated with control and probe tones in a narrow band.
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18
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Mirza IM, Ge W, Jing H. Optical nonreciprocity and slow light in coupled spinning optomechanical resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:25515-25530. [PMID: 31510423 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.025515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the optical transmission characteristics of coupled spinning optomechanical resonators with pump-probe driven lasers. Under the steady-state conditions, we focus on how changing the optical Sagnac effect due to same or opposite spinning directions of the resonators can give rise to non-reciprocal and delayed probe light transmission. We find that coupled resonators can exhibit distinct transmission features, can generate negative group delays (slow as well as fast light) and offer additional control of the probe light transmission as compared to the case of a single spinning resonator. Our results can be useful in achieving chiral light propagation in quantum communication technologies without using traditional magneto-optical means.
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19
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Parity-Assisted Generation of Nonclassical States of Light in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a method to generate nonclassical states of light in multimode microwave cavities. Our approach considers two-photon processes that take place in a system composed of N extended cavities and an ultrastrongly coupled light–matter system. Under specific resonance conditions, our method generates, in a deterministic manner, product states of uncorrelated photon pairs, Bell states, and W states in different modes on the extended cavities. Furthermore, the numerical simulations show that the generation scheme exhibits a collective effect which decreases the generation time in the same proportion as the number of extended cavity increases. Moreover, the entanglement encoded in the photonic states can be transferred towards ancillary two-level systems to generate genuine multipartite entanglement. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of our proposal in circuit quantum electrodynamics. This proposal could be of interest in the context of quantum random number generator, due to the quadratic scaling of the output state.
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20
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Yoshihara F, Fuse T, Ao Z, Ashhab S, Kakuyanagi K, Saito S, Aoki T, Koshino K, Semba K. Inversion of Qubit Energy Levels in Qubit-Oscillator Circuits in the Deep-Strong-Coupling Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:183601. [PMID: 29775324 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.183601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on experimentally measured light shifts of superconducting flux qubits deep-strongly coupled to LC oscillators, where the coupling constants are comparable to the qubit and oscillator resonance frequencies. By using two-tone spectroscopy, the energies of the six lowest levels of each circuit are determined. We find huge Lamb shifts that exceed 90% of the bare qubit frequencies and inversions of the qubits' ground and excited states when there are a finite number of photons in the oscillator. Our experimental results agree with theoretical predictions based on the quantum Rabi model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yoshihara
- Advanced ICT Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1, Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - T Fuse
- Advanced ICT Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1, Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - Z Ao
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ookubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - S Ashhab
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - K Kakuyanagi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - S Saito
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - T Aoki
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ookubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - K Koshino
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-8-30, Kounodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - K Semba
- Advanced ICT Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1, Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
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21
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Earnest N, Chakram S, Lu Y, Irons N, Naik RK, Leung N, Ocola L, Czaplewski DA, Baker B, Lawrence J, Koch J, Schuster DI. Realization of a Λ System with Metastable States of a Capacitively Shunted Fluxonium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:150504. [PMID: 29756860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.150504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We realize a Λ system in a superconducting circuit, with metastable states exhibiting lifetimes up to 8 ms. We exponentially suppress the tunneling matrix elements involved in spontaneous energy relaxation by creating a "heavy" fluxonium, realized by adding a capacitive shunt to the original circuit design. The device allows for both cavity-assisted and direct fluorescent readouts, as well as state preparation schemes akin to optical pumping. Since direct transitions between the metastable states are strongly suppressed, we utilize Raman transitions for coherent manipulation of the states.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Earnest
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S Chakram
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Y Lu
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - N Irons
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - R K Naik
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - N Leung
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - L Ocola
- Argonne National Laboratories, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D A Czaplewski
- Argonne National Laboratories, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B Baker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jay Lawrence
- Department of Physics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Jens Koch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - D I Schuster
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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22
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Kockum AF, Johansson G, Nori F. Decoherence-Free Interaction between Giant Atoms in Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:140404. [PMID: 29694115 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.140404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In quantum-optics experiments with both natural and artificial atoms, the atoms are usually small enough that they can be approximated as pointlike compared to the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation with which they interact. However, superconducting qubits coupled to a meandering transmission line, or to surface acoustic waves, can realize "giant artificial atoms" that couple to a bosonic field at several points which are wavelengths apart. Here, we study setups with multiple giant atoms coupled at multiple points to a one-dimensional (1D) waveguide. We show that the giant atoms can be protected from decohering through the waveguide, but still have exchange interactions mediated by the waveguide. Unlike in decoherence-free subspaces, here the entire multiatom Hilbert space (2^{N} states for N atoms) is protected from decoherence. This is not possible with "small" atoms. We further show how this decoherence-free interaction can be designed in setups with multiple atoms to implement, e.g., a 1D chain of atoms with nearest-neighbor couplings or a collection of atoms with all-to-all connectivity. This may have important applications in quantum simulation and quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Göran Johansson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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23
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Ding JH, Huai SN, Ian H, Liu YX. Vacuum induced transparency and photon number resolved Autler-Townes splitting in a three-level system. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29540786 PMCID: PMC5852031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the absorption spectrum of a probe field by a Λ-type three-level system, which is coupled to a quantized control field through the two upper energy levels. The probe field is applied to the ground and the second excited states. When the quantized control field is in vacuum, we derive a threshold condition to discern vacuum induced transparency (VIT) and vacuum induced Autler-Townes splitting (ATS). We also find that the parameter changing from VIT to vacuum induced ATS is very similar to that from broken PT symmetry to PT symmetry. Moreover, we find the photon number resolved spectrum in the parameter regime of vacuum induced ATS when the mean photon number of the quantized control field is changed from zero (vacuum) to a finite number. However, there is no photon number resolved spectrum in the parameter regime of VIT even that the quantized control field contains the finite number of photons. Finally, we further discuss possible experimental realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hao Ding
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Sai-Nan Huai
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hou Ian
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Beijing, 100084, China.
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24
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Long J, Ku HS, Wu X, Gu X, Lake RE, Bal M, Liu YX, Pappas DP. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics with Nested Polariton States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:083602. [PMID: 29543019 PMCID: PMC5983892 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum networks will enable extraordinary capabilities for communicating and processing quantum information. These networks require a reliable means of storage, retrieval, and manipulation of quantum states at the network nodes. A node receives one or more coherent inputs and sends a conditional output to the next cascaded node in the network through a quantum channel. Here, we demonstrate this basic functionality by using the quantum interference mechanism of electromagnetically induced transparency in a transmon qubit coupled to a superconducting resonator. First, we apply a microwave bias, i.e., drive, to the qubit-cavity system to prepare a Λ-type three-level system of polariton states. Second, we input two interchangeable microwave signals, i.e., a probe tone and a control tone, and observe that transmission of the probe tone is conditional upon the presence of the control tone that switches the state of the device with up to 99.73% transmission extinction. Importantly, our electromagnetically induced transparency scheme uses all dipole allowed transitions. We infer high dark state preparation fidelities of >99.39% and negative group velocities of up to -0.52±0.09 km/s based on our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Long
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - H. S. Ku
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Xian Wu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Xiu Gu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Russell E. Lake
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Mustafa Bal
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Yu-xi Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Beijing 100084, China
| | - David P. Pappas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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25
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Kukharchyk N, Sholokhov D, Morozov O, Korableva SL, Cole JH, Kalachev AA, Bushev PA. Optical vector network analysis of ultranarrow transitions in 166Er 3+ : 7LiYF 4 crystal. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:935-938. [PMID: 29444031 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present optical vector network analysis (OVNA) of an isotopically purified Er1663+:LiYF47 crystal. The OVNA method is based on generation and detection of a modulated optical sideband by using a radio-frequency vector network analyzer. This technique is widely used in the field of microwave photonics for the characterization of optical responses of optical devices such as filters and high-Q resonators. However, dense solid-state atomic ensembles induce a large phase shift on one of the optical sidebands that results in the appearance of extra features on the measured transmission response. We present a simple theoretical model that accurately describes the observed spectra and helps to reconstruct the absorption profile of a solid-state atomic ensemble as well as corresponding change of the refractive index in the vicinity of atomic resonances.
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26
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Luo XQ, Li ZZ, Jing J, Xiong W, Li TF, Yu T. Spectral features of the tunneling-induced transparency and the Autler-Townes doublet and triplet in a triple quantum dot. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3107. [PMID: 29449588 PMCID: PMC5814457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the spectral features of tunneling-induced transparency (TIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) doublet and triplet in a triple-quantum-dot system. By analyzing the eigenenergy spectrum of the system Hamiltonian, we can discriminate TIT and double TIT from AT doublet and triplet, respectively. For the resonant case, the presence of the TIT does not exhibit distinguishable anticrossing in the eigenenergy spectrum in the weak-tunneling regime, while the occurrence of double anticrossings in the strong-tunneling regime shows that the TIT evolves to the AT doublet. For the off-resonance case, the appearance of a new detuning-dependent dip in the absorption spectrum leads to double TIT behavior in the weak-tunneling regime due to no distinguished anticrossing occurring in the eigenenergy spectrum. However, in the strong-tunneling regime, a new detuning-dependent dip in the absorption spectrum results in AT triplet owing to the presence of triple anticrossings in the eigenenergy spectrum. Our results can be applied to quantum measurement and quantum-optics devices in solid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Luo
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zeng-Zhao Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jun Jing
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tie-Fu Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Institute of Microelectronics, Department of Microelectronics and Nanoelectronics and Tsinghua National Laboratory of Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ting Yu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China.,Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Center for Controlled Quantum Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, USA
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27
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Wen PY, Kockum AF, Ian H, Chen JC, Nori F, Hoi IC. Reflective Amplification without Population Inversion from a Strongly Driven Superconducting Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:063603. [PMID: 29481213 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.063603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of optical or microwave fields is often achieved by strongly driving a medium to induce population inversion such that a weak probe can be amplified through stimulated emission. Here we strongly couple a superconducting qubit, an artificial atom, to the field in a semi-infinite waveguide. When driving the qubit strongly on resonance such that a Mollow triplet appears, we observe a 7% amplitude gain for a weak probe at frequencies in between the triplet. This amplification is not due to population inversion, neither in the bare qubit basis nor in the dressed-state basis, but instead results from a four-photon process that converts energy from the strong drive to the weak probe. We find excellent agreement between the experimental results and numerical simulations without any free fitting parameters. Since our device consists of a single two-level artificial atom, the simplest possible quantum system, it can be viewed as the most fundamental version of a four-wave-mixing parametric amplifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Wen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - A F Kockum
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Ian
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau
- UMacau Zhuhai Research Institute, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519031, China
| | - J C Chen
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - F Nori
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - I-C Hoi
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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28
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Magnetically induced transparency of a quantum metamaterial composed of twin flux qubits. Nat Commun 2018; 9:150. [PMID: 29323136 PMCID: PMC5764976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum theory is expected to govern the electromagnetic properties of a quantum metamaterial, an artificially fabricated medium composed of many quantum objects acting as artificial atoms. Propagation of electromagnetic waves through such a medium is accompanied by excitations of intrinsic quantum transitions within individual meta-atoms and modes corresponding to the interactions between them. Here we demonstrate an experiment in which an array of double-loop type superconducting flux qubits is embedded into a microwave transmission line. We observe that in a broad frequency range the transmission coefficient through the metamaterial periodically depends on externally applied magnetic field. Field-controlled switching of the ground state of the meta-atoms induces a large suppression of the transmission. Moreover, the excitation of meta-atoms in the array leads to a large resonant enhancement of the transmission. We anticipate possible applications of the observed frequency-tunable transparency in superconducting quantum networks.
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29
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Tailored plasmon-induced transparency in attenuated total reflection response in a metal-insulator-metal structure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17824. [PMID: 29259220 PMCID: PMC5736599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated tailored plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) in a metal (Au)–insulator (SiO2)–metal (Ag) (MIM) structure, where the Fano interference between the MIM waveguide mode and the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance mode induced a transparency window in an otherwise opaque wavenumber (k) region. A series of structures with different thicknesses of the Ag layer were prepared and the attenuated total reflection (ATR) response was examined. The height and width of the transparency window, as well as the relevant k-domain dispersion, were controlled by adjusting the Ag layer thickness. To confirm the dependency of PIT on Ag layer thickness, we performed numerical calculations to determine the electric field amplitude inside the layers. The steep k-domain dispersion in the transparency window is capable of creating a lateral beam shift known as the Goos–Hänchen shift, for optical device and sensor applications. We also discuss the Fano interference profiles in a ω − k two-dimensional domain on the basis of Akaike information criteria.
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30
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Liao Z, Al-Amri M, Zubairy MS. Measurement of deep-subwavelength emitter separation in a waveguide-QED system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:31997-32009. [PMID: 29245867 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.031997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) system, emitter separation plays an important role for its functionality. Here, we present a method to measure the deep-subwavelength emitter separation in a waveguide-QED system. In this method, we can also determine the number of emitters within one diffraction-limited spot. In addition, we also show that ultrasmall emitter separation change can be detected in this system which may then be used as a waveguide-QED-based sensor to measure tiny local temperature/strain variation.
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31
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Li H, Shen HZ, Wu SL, Yi XX. Shortcuts to adiabaticity in non-Hermitian quantum systems without rotating-wave approximation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:30135-30148. [PMID: 29221047 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The technique of shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) has attracted broad attention due to their possible applications in quantum information processing and quantum control. However, most studies published so far have been only focused on Hermitian systems under the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). In this paper, we propose a modified shortcuts to adiabaticity technique to realize population transfer for a non-Hermitian system without RWA. We work out an exact expression for the control function and present examples consisting of two-and three-level systems with decay to show the theory. The results suggest that the shortcuts to adiabaticity technique presented here is robust for fast passages. We also find that the decay has small effect on the population transfer in the three-level system. To shed more light on the physics behind this result, we reduce the quantum three-level system to an effective two-level one with large detunings. The shortcuts to adiabaticity technique of effective two-level system is studied. Thereby the high-fidelity population transfer can be implemented in non-Hermitian systems by our method, and it works even without RWA.
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32
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Silveri MP, Tuorila JA, Thuneberg EV, Paraoanu GS. Quantum systems under frequency modulation. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:056002. [PMID: 28379844 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We review the physical phenomena that arise when quantum mechanical energy levels are modulated in time. The dynamics resulting from changes in the transition frequency is a problem studied since the early days of quantum mechanics. It has been of constant interest both experimentally and theoretically since, with the simple two-state model providing an inexhaustible source of novel concepts. When the transition frequency of a quantum system is modulated, several phenomena can be observed, such as Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana interference, motional averaging and narrowing, and the formation of dressed states with the appearance of sidebands in the spectrum. Adiabatic changes result in the accumulation of geometric phases, which can be used to create topological states. In recent years, an exquisite experimental control in the time domain was gained through the parameters entering the Hamiltonian, and high-fidelity readout schemes allowed the state of the system to be monitored non-destructively. These developments were made in the field of quantum devices, especially in superconducting qubits, as a well as in atomic physics, in particular in ultracold gases. As a result of these advances, it became possible to demonstrate many of the fundamental effects that arise in a quantum system when its transition frequencies are modulated. The purpose of this review is to present some of these developments, from two-state atoms and harmonic oscillators to multilevel and many-particle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Silveri
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland. Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
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33
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34
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Li L, Nie W, Chen A. Transparency and tunable slow and fast light in a nonlinear optomechanical cavity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35090. [PMID: 27725763 PMCID: PMC5057126 DOI: 10.1038/srep35090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the optical response of the output field and the tunable slow and fast light in a nonlinear optomechanical cavity with a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and a higher order excited atomic ensemble. Studies show that the higher-order-excitation atom which is similar to the degenerate OPA that acts as a nonlinear medium, induces an additional dip in absorption spectrum of the probe field. The coherence of the mechanical oscillator leads to split the peak in absorption in the probe field spectrum so that the phenomenon of optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) is generated from the output probe field. In particular, the presence of nonlinearities with the degenerate OPA and the higher order excited atoms can affect significantly the width of the transparency windows, providing an additional flexibility for controlling optical properties. Furthermore, in the presence of the degenerate OPA, the optical-response properties for the probe field become phase-sensitive so that a tunable switch from slow to fast light can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Applied Physics, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Wenjie Nie
- Department of Applied Physics, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Aixi Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China.,Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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35
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Whispering galleries and the control of artificial atoms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25084. [PMID: 27122353 PMCID: PMC4848508 DOI: 10.1038/srep25084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum computation using artificial-atoms, such as novel superconducting circuits,
can be sensitively controlled by external electromagnetic fields. These fields and
the self-fields attributable to the coupled artificial-atoms influence the amount of
quantum correlation in the system. However, control elements that can operate
without complete destruction of the entanglement of the quantum-bits are difficult
to engineer. Here we investigate the possibility of using closely-spaced-linear
arrays of metallic-elliptical discs as whispering gallery waveguides to control
artificial-atoms. The discs confine and guide radiation through the array with small
notches etched into their sides that act as scatterers. We focus on
π-ring artificial-atoms, which can generate their own
spontaneous fluxes. We find that the micro-discs of the waveguides can be excited by
terahertz frequency fields to exhibit whispering-modes and that a quantum-phase-gate
composed of π-rings can be operated under their influence.
Furthermore, we gauge the level of entanglement through the concurrence measure and
show that under certain magnetic conditions a series of entanglement sudden-deaths
and revivals occur between the two qubits. This is important for understanding the
stability and life-time of qubit operations using, for example, a phase gate in a
hybrid of quantum technologies composed of control elements and
artificial-atoms.
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Kumar KS, Vepsäläinen A, Danilin S, Paraoanu GS. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a three-level superconducting circuit. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10628. [PMID: 26902454 PMCID: PMC4766393 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The adiabatic manipulation of quantum states is a powerful technique that opened up new directions in quantum engineering—enabling tests of fundamental concepts such as geometrical phases and topological transitions, and holding the promise of alternative models of quantum computation. Here we benchmark the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage for circuit quantum electrodynamics by employing the first three levels of a transmon qubit. In this ladder configuration, we demonstrate a population transfer efficiency >80% between the ground state and the second excited state using two adiabatic Gaussian-shaped control microwave pulses. By doing quantum tomography at successive moments during the Raman pulses, we investigate the transfer of the population in time domain. Furthermore, we show that this protocol can be reversed by applying a third adiabatic pulse, we study a hybrid nondiabatic–adiabatic sequence, and we present experimental results for a quasi-degenerate intermediate level. The precise control and manipulation of the states of a multi-level quantum system are fundamental for quantum information processing. Here, the authors demonstrate the robust adiabatic manipulation of the quantum states of a superconducting circuit via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kumar
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - A Vepsäläinen
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - S Danilin
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - G S Paraoanu
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
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37
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Jamonneau P, Hétet G, Dréau A, Roch JF, Jacques V. Coherent Population Trapping of a Single Nuclear Spin Under Ambient Conditions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:043603. [PMID: 26871331 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.043603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate coherent population trapping of a single nuclear spin in a room-temperature solid. To this end, we exploit a three-level system with a Λ configuration in the microwave domain, which consists of nuclear spin states addressed through their hyperfine coupling to the electron spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond. Moreover, the Λ-scheme relaxation is externally controlled through incoherent optical pumping and separated in time from consecutive coherent microwave excitations. Such a scheme allows us (i) to monitor the sequential accumulation of population into the dark state and (ii) to reach a novel regime of coherent population trapping dynamics for which periodic arrays of dark resonances can be observed, owing to multiple constructive interferences. This Letter offers new prospects for quantum state preparation, information storage in hybrid quantum systems, and metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jamonneau
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Hétet
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot and Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Dréau
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - J-F Roch
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - V Jacques
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
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38
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Yan CH, Wei LF. Single photon transport along a one-dimensional waveguide with a side manipulated cavity QED system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:10374-10384. [PMID: 25969078 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.010374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An external mirror coupling to a cavity with a two-level atom inside is put forward to control the photon transport along a one-dimensional waveguide. Using a full quantum theory of photon transport in real space, it is shown that the Rabi splittings of the photonic transmission spectra can be controlled by the cavity-mirror couplings; the splittings could still be observed even when the cavity-atom system works in the weak coupling regime, and the transmission probability of the resonant photon can be modulated from 0 to 100%. Additionally, our numerical results show that the appearance of Fano resonance is related to the strengths of the cavity-mirror coupling and the dissipations of the system. An experimental demonstration of the proposal with the current photonic crystal waveguide technique is suggested.
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39
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Lee YS, Noh HR, Moon HS. Relationship between two- and three-photon coherence in a ladder-type atomic system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:2999-3009. [PMID: 25836160 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.002999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between two- and three-photon coherence in terms of the transition routes and coupling field intensities in a Doppler-broadened ladder-type atomic system for the 5S(1/2)-5P(3/2)-5D(5/2) transition in (87)Rb atoms. Three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (TPEIA) due to three-photon coherence was observed in the only transition route that exhibited a dominant two-photon coherence effect. We showed that two-photon coherence is a necessary condition for three-photon coherence phenomena. A comparison of the relative magnitudes of the electromagnetically induced transparency and TPEIA as a function of the coupling field intensity revealed that the increase of three-photon coherence was faster than that of two-photon coherence. Considering three-photon coherence in a Doppler-broadened ladder-type three-level atomic system, the relation between two- and three-photon coherence was numerically calculated.
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40
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Fratini F, Mascarenhas E, Safari L, Poizat JP, Valente D, Auffèves A, Gerace D, Santos MF. Fabry-Perot interferometer with quantum mirrors: nonlinear light transport and rectification. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:243601. [PMID: 25541772 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical transport represents a natural route towards fast communications, and it is currently used in large scale data transfer. The progressive miniaturization of devices for information processing calls for the microscopic tailoring of light transport and confinement at length scales appropriate for upcoming technologies. With this goal in mind, we present a theoretical analysis of a one-dimensional Fabry-Perot interferometer built with two highly saturable nonlinear mirrors: a pair of two-level systems. Our approach captures nonlinear and nonreciprocal effects of light transport that were not reported previously. Remarkably, we show that such an elementary device can operate as a microscopic integrated optical rectifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fratini
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP 702, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil and Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut NÉEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France and CNRS, Institut NÉEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - E Mascarenhas
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP 702, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L Safari
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland and IST Austria, Am Campus 1, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - J-Ph Poizat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut NÉEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France and CNRS, Institut NÉEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - D Valente
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá MT, Brazil
| | - A Auffèves
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut NÉEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France and CNRS, Institut NÉEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - D Gerace
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - M F Santos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP 702, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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41
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What is and what is not electromagnetically induced transparency in whispering-gallery microcavities. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5082. [PMID: 25342088 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in all-optical analogues of electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting. Despite the differences in their underlying physics, both electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting are quantified by a transparency window in the absorption or transmission spectrum, which often leads to a confusion about its origin. While the transparency window in electromagnetically induced transparency is a result of Fano interference among different transition pathways, in Autler-Townes splitting it is the result of strong field-driven interactions leading to the splitting of energy levels. Being able to tell objectively whether an observed transparency window is because of electromagnetically induced transparency or Autler-Townes splitting is crucial for applications and for clarifying the physics involved. Here we demonstrate the pathways leading to electromagnetically induced transparency, Fano resonances and Autler-Townes splitting in coupled whispering-gallery-mode resonators. Moreover, we report the application of the Akaike Information Criterion discerning between all-optical analogues of electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting and clarifying the transition between them.
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42
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Moon HS, Kim HJ. Transformation of Ramsey electromagnetically induced absorption into magnetic-field induced transparency in a paraffin-coated Rb vapor cell. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:18604-18611. [PMID: 25089479 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.018604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on magnetic-field induced transparency (MIT) based on Ramsey electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in a paraffin-coated Rb vapor cell. Changing the laser polarization from linear to circular in the presence of a weak residual transverse magnetic field to the laser propagation, the narrow absorption due to the Ramsey EIA transformed into the transparency due to MIT of the 5S1/2 (F = 2)-5P3/2 (F' = 3) transition of 87Rb in the paraffin-coated Rb vapor cell. The spectral widths of the EIA and MIT in the Hanle configuration were measured to be 0.6 mG (425 Hz) and 1.2 mG, respectively. MIT depended on the long preservation time of the ground-state coherent spin states and the transverse magnetic field. From the numerical results, the crossover between the Ramsey EIA and the MIT could be illustrated as the superposition of both signals.
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43
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Peropadre B, Zueco D, Porras D, García-Ripoll JJ. Nonequilibrium and nonperturbative dynamics of ultrastrong coupling in open lines. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:243602. [PMID: 24483659 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.243602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The time and space resolved dynamics of a qubit with an Ohmic coupling to propagating 1D photons is studied, from weak coupling to the ultrastrong coupling regime. A nonperturbative study based on matrix product states shows the following results, (i) The ground state of the combined systems contains excitations of both the qubit and the surrounding bosonic field. (ii) An initially excited qubit equilibrates through spontaneous emission to a state, which under certain conditions is locally close to that ground state, both in the qubit and the field. (iii) The resonances of the combined qubit-photon system match those of the spontaneous emission process and also the predictions of the adiabatic renormalization [A. J. Leggett et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 1 (1987)]. Finally, nonperturbative ab initio calculations show that this physics can be studied using a flux qubit galvanically coupled to a superconducting transmission line.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Peropadre
- Instituto de Física Fundamental IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, Madrid E-28006, Spain
| | - D Zueco
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón y Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain and Fundación ARAID, Paseo María Agustín 36, Zaragoza E-50004, Spain
| | - D Porras
- Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - J J García-Ripoll
- Instituto de Física Fundamental IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, Madrid E-28006, Spain
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44
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van Loo AF, Fedorov A, Lalumiere K, Sanders BC, Blais A, Wallraff A. Photon-Mediated Interactions Between Distant Artificial Atoms. Science 2013; 342:1494-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1244324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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45
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Hoi IC, Kockum AF, Palomaki T, Stace TM, Fan B, Tornberg L, Sathyamoorthy SR, Johansson G, Delsing P, Wilson CM. Giant cross-Kerr effect for propagating microwaves induced by an artificial atom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:053601. [PMID: 23952397 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effective interaction between two microwave fields, mediated by a transmon-type superconducting artificial atom which is strongly coupled to a coplanar transmission line. The interaction between the fields and atom produces an effective cross-Kerr coupling. We demonstrate average cross-Kerr phase shifts of up to 20 degrees per photon with both coherent microwave fields at the single-photon level. Our results provide an important step toward quantum applications with propagating microwave photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io-Chun Hoi
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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46
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Koshino K, Terai H, Inomata K, Yamamoto T, Qiu W, Wang Z, Nakamura Y. Observation of the three-state dressed states in circuit quantum electrodynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:263601. [PMID: 23848874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.263601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the microwave response of a transmon qubit coupled directly to a transmission line. In a transmon qubit, owing to its weak anharmonicity, a single driving field may generate dressed states involving more than two bare states. We confirmed the formation of three-state dressed states by observing all of the six associated Rabi sidebands, which appear as either amplification or attenuation of the probe field. The experimental results are reproduced with good precision by a theoretical model incorporating the radiative coupling between the qubit and the microwave.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koshino
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
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47
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Dienst A, Casandruc E, Fausti D, Zhang L, Eckstein M, Hoffmann M, Khanna V, Dean N, Gensch M, Winnerl S, Seidel W, Pyon S, Takayama T, Takagi H, Cavalleri A. Optical excitation of Josephson plasma solitons in a cuprate superconductor. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:535-541. [PMID: 23524373 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Josephson plasma waves are linear electromagnetic modes that propagate along the planes of cuprate superconductors, sustained by interlayer tunnelling supercurrents. For strong electromagnetic fields, as the supercurrents approach the critical value, the electrodynamics become highly nonlinear. Josephson plasma solitons (JPSs) are breather excitations predicted in this regime, bound vortex-antivortex pairs that propagate coherently without dispersion. We experimentally demonstrate the excitation of a JPS in La1.84Sr0.16CuO4, using intense narrowband radiation from an infrared free-electron laser tuned to the 2-THz Josephson plasma resonance. The JPS becomes observable as it causes a transparency window in the opaque spectral region immediately below the plasma resonance. Optical control of magnetic-flux-carrying solitons may lead to new applications in terahertz-frequency plasmonics, in information storage and transport and in the manipulation of high-Tc superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dienst
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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48
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Leung PM, Sanders BC. Coherent control of microwave pulse storage in superconducting circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:253603. [PMID: 23368461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.253603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Coherent pulse control for quantum memory is viable in the optical domain but nascent in microwave quantum circuits. We show how to realize coherent storage and on-demand pulse retrieval entirely within a superconducting circuit by exploiting and extending existing electromagnetically induced transparency technology in superconducting quantum circuits. Our scheme employs a linear array of superconducting artificial atoms coupled to a microwave transmission line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Leung
- Institute for Quantum Information Science, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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49
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Li J, Paraoanu GS, Cicak K, Altomare F, Park JI, Simmonds RW, Sillanpää MA, Hakonen PJ. Dynamical Autler-Townes control of a phase qubit. Sci Rep 2012; 2:645. [PMID: 22966420 PMCID: PMC3437518 DOI: 10.1038/srep00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Routers, switches, and repeaters are essential components of modern information-processing systems. Similar devices will be needed in future superconducting quantum computers. In this work we investigate experimentally the time evolution of Autler-Townes splitting in a superconducting phase qubit under the application of a control tone resonantly coupled to the second transition. A three-level model that includes independently determined parameters for relaxation and dephasing gives excellent agreement with the experiment. The results demonstrate that the qubit can be used as a ON/OFF switch with 100 ns operating time-scale for the reflection/transmission of photons coming from an applied probe microwave tone. The ON state is realized when the control tone is sufficiently strong to generate an Autler-Townes doublet, suppressing the absorption of the probe tone photons and resulting in a maximum of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory, Aalto University, PO Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland.
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50
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Di Stefano O, Ridolfo A, Portolan S, Savasta S. Test of the all-optical control of wave-particle duality of cavity photons by ordinary photodetection. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:4509-4511. [PMID: 22139225 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.004509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The principle of complementarity refers to the ability of quantum entities to behave as particles or waves under different experimental conditions. We present a proposal for the experimental observation of the ultrafast all-optical control of the wave-particle duality of light. The device is constituted by a three-level quantum emitter strongly coupled to a microcavity (MC) and can be realized by exploiting a great variety of systems, ranging from atomic physics and semiconductor quantum dots to intersubband polaritons and Cooper pair boxes. The wavelike or particlelike behavior of MC photons can be probed by simply measuring the cavity output photon rate after excitation with pairs of phase-locked weak pulses with precise arrival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Fisica della Materia e Ingegneria Elettronica, Università di Messina, V.le F. Stagno d’Alcontres 1, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
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