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Parametric decay induced first-order phase transition in two-dimensional Yukawa crystals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20430. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe melting process of two-dimensional (2D) Yukawa crystals for dusty plasma medium induced by external perturbations has been explored using molecular dynamics simulations. A 2D monolayer of particles interacting via Yukawa pair potential is formed in the presence of an external confinement potential. The confinement potential is a combined effect of the gravitational force and an externally applied electric force, which mimics the sheath electric field in dusty plasma experiments. The response of the 2D crystalline layer to an external perturbation is investigated. It is shown that transverse surface waves are generated below a particular threshold value of initial perturbation, but the crystalline order remains. However, above a threshold value of initial disturbance, the crystalline order structure of the 2D layer breaks, and it melts. The melting process is shown to be a first-order phase transition. We have demonstrated that the nonlinear amplitude modulation of initial disturbance through the parametric decay instability is responsible for the melting. Our proposed mechanism of first-order phase transition in the context of 2D dusty plasma crystal is distinctly different from the existing theoretical models. This research can provide a deeper understanding of the experimental observations in the context of plasma crystal.
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2
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Ghosh S. Homoclinic chaos in strongly dissipative strongly coupled complex dusty plasmas. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:023205. [PMID: 33736051 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.023205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The transport properties of the weakly nonlinear (WNL) two-dimensional (2D) quasilongitudinal dust lattice mode is studied in an experimentally realized highly viscous, strongly coupled, weakly ionized plasma [V. E. Fortov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 055002 (2012)10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.055002]. The WNL dynamics is found to be described by a 2D dissipative-dispersive nonlinear partial differential equation. The analytical and computational (for gas discharge plasma parameters) results predict strong viscosity induced Shilnikov homoclinic chaos, which, in turn, can cause a phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiran Ghosh
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700 009, India
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3
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Meyer JK, Laut I, Zhdanov SK, Nosenko V, Thomas HM. Coupling of Noncrossing Wave Modes in a Two-Dimensional Plasma Crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:255001. [PMID: 29303297 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.255001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental observation of the coupling of the transverse vertical and longitudinal in-plane dust-lattice wave modes in a two-dimensional complex plasma crystal in the absence of mode crossing. A new large-diameter rf plasma chamber was used to suspend the plasma crystal. The observations are confirmed with molecular dynamics simulations. The coupling manifests itself in traces of the transverse vertical mode appearing in the measured longitudinal spectra and vice versa. We calculate the expected ratio of the trace to the principal mode with a theoretical analysis of the modes in a crystal with finite temperature and find good agreement with the experiment and simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Meyer
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 82234 Weßling, Germany
| | - I Laut
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 82234 Weßling, Germany
| | - S K Zhdanov
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 82234 Weßling, Germany
| | - V Nosenko
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 82234 Weßling, Germany
| | - H M Thomas
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 82234 Weßling, Germany
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4
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Gogia G, Burton JC. Emergent Bistability and Switching in a Nonequilibrium Crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:178004. [PMID: 29219465 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.178004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Multistability is an inseparable feature of many physical, chemical, and biological systems which are driven far from equilibrium. In these nonequilibrium systems, stochastic dynamics often induces switching between distinct states on emergent time scales; for example, bistable switching is a natural feature of noisy, spatially extended systems that consist of bistable elements. Nevertheless, here we present experimental evidence that bistable elements are not required for the global bistability of a system. We observe temporal switching between a crystalline, condensed state and a gaslike, excited state in a spatially extended, quasi-two-dimensional system of charged microparticles. Accompanying numerical simulations show that conservative forces, damping, and stochastic noise are sufficient to prevent steady-state equilibrium, leading to switching between the two states over a range of time scales, from seconds to hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guram Gogia
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Justin C Burton
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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5
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Qiao K, Kong J, Matthews LS, Hyde TW. Mode couplings and resonance instabilities in finite dust chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:053101. [PMID: 26066266 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.053101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Employing a numerical simulation, the normal modes are investigated for finite, one-dimensional horizontal dust chains in complex plasma. Mode couplings induced by the ion flow within the sheath are identified in the mode spectra and the coupling rules are determined. Two types of resonance-induced instabilities are observed, one bidirectional and one unidirectional. Bidirectional instability is found to cause melting of the chain with the melting proceeding via a two-step process which obeys the Lindemann criterion. The relationship between the normal mode spectra observed in finite systems and the wave dispersion relations seen in larger systems was also examined using a dust chain model. For this case, the dispersion relation was obtained through multiplication of the mode spectra matrix by a transition matrix. The resulting dispersion relations exhibit both the general features observed in larger crystals as well as several characteristics unique to finite systems, such as discontinuities and strong energy-density fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Qiao
- Center for Astrophysics, Space Physics and Engineering Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7310, USA
| | - Jie Kong
- Center for Astrophysics, Space Physics and Engineering Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7310, USA
| | - Lorin S Matthews
- Center for Astrophysics, Space Physics and Engineering Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7310, USA
| | - Truell W Hyde
- Center for Astrophysics, Space Physics and Engineering Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7310, USA
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6
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Melzer A. Connecting the wakefield instabilities in dusty plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:053103. [PMID: 25493893 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.053103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The wakefield, or ion focus, formed by ions streaming past dust particles trapped in the plasma sheath leads to two types of instabilities: the Schweigert instability in multilayer systems and the mode-coupling instability that already appears in single-layer dust systems. Here, a model is presented that treats both types of instability in a common description. The parameter space for the onset of the instabilities is determined. A new variant of the mode-coupling instability is found to arise from the interaction among the layers. For weak confinement, all instabilities continuously merge into each other. For stronger confinement of the dust mainly the Schweigert type of instability is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Melzer
- Institut für Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Zhdanov SK, Nosenko V, Thomas HM, Morfill GE, Couëdel L. Observation of particle pairing in a two-dimensional plasma crystal. Phys Rev E 2014; 89:023103. [PMID: 25353582 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.023103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The observation is presented of naturally occurring pairing of particles and their cooperative drift in a two-dimensional plasma crystal. A single layer of plastic microspheres was suspended in the plasma sheath of a capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharge in argon at a low pressure of 1 Pa. The particle dynamics were studied by combining the top-view and side-view imaging of the suspension. Cross-analysis of the particle trajectories allowed us to identify naturally occurring metastable pairs of particles. The lifetime of pairs was long enough for their reliable identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Zhdanov
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, D-85741 Garching, Germany
| | - V Nosenko
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, D-85741 Garching, Germany
| | - H M Thomas
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, D-85741 Garching, Germany
| | - G E Morfill
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, D-85741 Garching, Germany
| | - L Couëdel
- CNRS, Université d'Aix-Marseille, PIIM UMR 7345, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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8
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Ivlev AV, Zhdanov SK, Lampe M, Morfill GE. Mode-coupling instability in a fluid two-dimensional complex plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:135002. [PMID: 25302896 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.135002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A theory of the mode-coupling instability (MCI) in a fluid two-dimensional complex plasma is developed. In analogy to the point-wake model of the wake-mediated interactions commonly used to describe MCI in two-dimensional crystals, the layer-wake model is employed for fluids. It is demonstrated that the wake-induced coupling of wave modes occurs in both crystalline and fluid complex plasmas, but the confinement-density threshold, which determines the MCI onset in crystals, virtually disappears in fluids. The theory shows excellent qualitative agreement with available experiments and provides certain predictions to be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Ivlev
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - S K Zhdanov
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - M Lampe
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - G E Morfill
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, 85741 Garching, Germany
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9
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Qiao K, Kong J, Carmona-Reyes J, Matthews LS, Hyde TW. Mode coupling and resonance instabilities in quasi-two-dimensional dust clusters in complex plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:033109. [PMID: 25314549 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.033109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Small quasi-two-dimensional dust clusters consisting of three to eleven particles are formed in an argon plasma under varying rf power. Their normal modes are investigated through their mode spectra obtained from tracking the particles' thermal motion. Detailed coupling patterns between their horizontal and vertical modes are detected for particle numbers up to 7 and discrete instabilities are found for dust clusters with particle number ⩾9, as predicted in previous theory on ion-flow induced mode coupling in small clusters. The instabilities are proven to be induced by resonance between coupled horizontal and vertical normal modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Qiao
- Center for Astrophysics, Space Physics and Engineering Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7310, USA
| | - Jie Kong
- Center for Astrophysics, Space Physics and Engineering Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7310, USA
| | - Jorge Carmona-Reyes
- Center for Astrophysics, Space Physics and Engineering Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7310, USA
| | - Lorin S Matthews
- Center for Astrophysics, Space Physics and Engineering Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7310, USA
| | - Truell W Hyde
- Center for Astrophysics, Space Physics and Engineering Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7310, USA
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10
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Melzer A, Schella A. Symbolic transfer entropy analysis of the dust interaction in the presence of wakefields in dusty plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:041103. [PMID: 24827184 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.041103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The method of symbolic transfer entropy has been applied to analyze the behavior of charged-particle systems under the influence of an ion focus (wakefield) in a dusty plasma. Using long-run experiments under various plasma and trapping conditions, it is revealed from the transfer entropy that information is transported from the upper particle in an ion flow to the lower. The information transfer increases with smaller interparticle distance and with reduced height in the sheath. This can be consistently explained by the formation of the ion focus by an ion flow in the sheath. From the analysis of two-particle and many-particle systems, the symbolic entropy transfer can be judged as a reliable measure for information asymmetry, and hence interaction asymmetry, in dusty plasma systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Melzer
- Institut für Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - André Schella
- Institut für Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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11
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Röcker TB, Ivlev AV, Zhdanov SK, Morfill GE. Effect of strong wakes on waves in two-dimensional plasma crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:013104. [PMID: 24580343 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.013104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the effects of the particle-wake interactions on the dispersion and polarization of dust lattice wave modes in two-dimensional plasma crystals. Most notably, the wake-induced coupling between the modes causes the branches to "attract" each other, and their polarizations become elliptical. Upon the mode hybridization the major axes of the ellipses (remaining mutually orthogonal) rotate by 45°. To demonstrate the importance of the obtained results for experiments, we plot representative particle trajectories and spectral densities of the longitudinal and transverse waves. These characteristics reveal distinct fingerprints of the mixed polarization. Furthermore, we show that at strong coupling the hybrid mode is significantly shifted towards smaller wave numbers, away from the border of the first Brillouin zone (where the hybrid mode is localized for a weak coupling).
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Röcker
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - A V Ivlev
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - S K Zhdanov
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - G E Morfill
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, 85741 Garching, Germany
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12
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Melzer A, Schella A, Mulsow M. Nonequilibrium finite dust clusters: connecting normal modes and wakefields. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:013109. [PMID: 24580348 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.013109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic properties of finite three-dimensional dust clusters in a dusty plasma under the influence of an ion focus are studied by normal modes. The mode analysis has been extended to account for the ion focus using the point-charge model for the horizontal interaction of the dust particles. From that, an analytical model for a few-particle system is derived accounting for three distinct dynamical regimes at different focus strengths, namely, absolutely unstable and fully stable configurations as well as an unstable oscillatory regime. The techniques of normal mode analysis (NMA) and instantaneous normal modes (INM) extended by the ion focus have been applied to dust systems in the experiment and compared to the model. From this, the ion focus strength has been derived. The specific sensitivity of NMA and INM allows one to identify equilibrium configurations in this nonequilibrium environment for these finite clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Melzer
- Institut für Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - André Schella
- Institut für Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Mulsow
- Institut für Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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13
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Qiao K, Kong J, Oeveren EV, Matthews LS, Hyde TW. Mode couplings and resonance instabilities in dust clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:043103. [PMID: 24229289 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.043103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The normal modes for three to seven particle two-dimensional (2D) dust clusters in a complex plasma are investigated using an N-body simulation. The ion wakefield downstream of each particle is shown to induce coupling between horizontal and vertical modes. The rules of mode coupling are investigated by classifying the mode eigenvectors employing the Bessel and trigonometric functions indexed by order integers (m, n). It is shown that coupling only occurs between two modes with the same m and that horizontal modes having a higher shear contribution exhibit weaker coupling. Three types of resonances are shown to occur when two coupled modes have the same frequency. Discrete instabilities caused by both the first and third type of resonances are verified and instabilities caused by the third type of resonance are found to induce melting. The melting procedure is observed to go through a two-step process with the solid-liquid transition closely obeying the Lindemann criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Qiao
- Center for Astrophysics, Space Physics and Engineering Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7310, USA
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Williams JD, Thomas E, Couëdel L, Ivlev AV, Zhdanov SK, Nosenko V, Thomas HM, Morfill GE. Kinetics of the melting front in two-dimensional plasma crystals: Complementary analysis with the particle image and particle tracking velocimetries. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:046401. [PMID: 23214694 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.046401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Melting of a two-dimensional plasma crystal occurring due to a mode-coupling instability is studied using particle tracking and particle image velocimetry techniques. By combining these techniques, it is possible to identify the location of a propagating melting front and find a characteristic scale length for the temperature gradient across the front. It is found that the measurements of heat transport are consistent with a simple two-dimensional model allowing us to estimate the thermal diffusivity. The measured values for the thermal diffusivity are consistent with previously measured values.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Williams
- Department of Physics, Wittenberg University, Springfield, Ohio 45504, USA.
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