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Li Y, Zhai Y, Li H. MLRNet: Combining the Physics-Motivated Potential Models with Neural Networks for Intermolecular Potential Energy Surface Construction. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:1421-1431. [PMID: 36826225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
A physics-based machine learning model called MLRNet has been developed to construct the high-accuracy two-body intermolecular potential energy surface (IPES). The outputs of the neural network are integrated into the physically realistic Morse/long-range (MLR) function, which ensures that the MLRNet has meaningful extrapolation at both short and long ranges and solves the asymptotic problem in common neural network potential (NNP) models. The neural network representation of the MLR parameters is more flexible and more efficient than the polynomial expansion in the conventional mdMLR model, especially for systems containing nonrigid monomer(s). The present work illustrates the basic framework of the current MLRNet model, including (i) how to combine the physically meaningful MLR function with different possible NN structures, (ii) the preservation of permutation symmetry, and (iii) the predetermination of the long-range function uLR. We choose two realistic systems to demonstrate the performance of MLRNet: the three-dimensional IPES of CO2-He including the CO2 antisymmetric vibration Q3 and the six-dimensional IPES of the H2O-Ar system. In both cases, the fitting errors of the MLRNet are several times smaller than those of the conventional mdMLR model. Both short-range and long-range extrapolation tests were performed to illustrate the extrapolation ability of the MLRNet and its damping function version. Moreover, for the 6-D H2O-Ar system, the MLRNet only needs 1596 trainable parameters, which is almost equal to the number needed for the 5-D mdMLR model (1509) and half that needed for the PIP-NN model (3501) within similar accuracy, which illustrates the model efficiency in high-dimensional IPES fitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
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2
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DuránCaballero L, Schran C, Brieuc F, Marx D. Neural network interaction potentials for para-hydrogen with flexible molecules. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:074302. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of molecular impurities in para-hydrogen ( pH2) clusters is key to push forward our understanding of intra- and intermolecular interactions, including their impact on the superfluid response of this bosonic quantum solvent. This includes tagging with only one or very few pH2, the microsolvation regime for intermediate particle numbers, and matrix isolation with many solvent molecules. However, the fundamental coupling between the bosonic pH2 environment and the (ro-)vibrational motion of molecular impurities remains poorly understood. Quantum simulations can, in principle, provide the necessary atomistic insight, but they require very accurate descriptions of the involved interactions. Here, we present a data-driven approach for the generation of impurity⋯ pH2 interaction potentials based on machine learning techniques, which retain the full flexibility of the dopant species. We employ the well-established adiabatic hindered rotor (AHR) averaging technique to include the impact of the nuclear spin statistics on the symmetry-allowed rotational quantum numbers of pH2. Embedding this averaging procedure within the high-dimensional neural network potential (NNP) framework enables the generation of highly accurate AHR-averaged NNPs at coupled cluster accuracy, namely, explicitly correlated coupled cluster single, double, and scaled perturbative triples, CCSD(T*)-F12a/aVTZcp, in an automated manner. We apply this methodology to the water and protonated water molecules as representative cases for quasi-rigid and highly flexible molecules, respectively, and obtain AHR-averaged NNPs that reliably describe the corresponding H2O⋯ pH2 and H3O+⋯ pH2 interactions. Using path integral simulations, we show for the hydronium cation, H3O+, that umbrella-like tunneling inversion has a strong impact on the first and second pH2 microsolvation shells. The automated and data-driven nature of our protocol opens the door to the study of bosonic pH2 quantum solvation for a wide range of embedded impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura DuránCaballero
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Schran
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Fabien Brieuc
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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3
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Ibrahim A, Roy PN. Three-body potential energy surface for para-hydrogen. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044301. [PMID: 35105099 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ibrahim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pierre-Nicholas Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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4
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Otani H, Nakahara H, Goto H, Kuma S, Momose T. Electronic spectroscopy of Mg-phthalocyanine embedded in cold hydrogen clusters produced by a pulsed nozzle. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:044309. [PMID: 34340371 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold clusters of molecular hydrogen were created using a pulsed nozzle. The thermodynamical states of the clusters were characterized by measuring the cluster beam velocity and the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of embedded molecules. Two distinct velocity components were identified in the beam that originates from different clustering mechanisms. The fast velocity component corresponds to the expansion of H2 from the gas phase, while the slow velocity component corresponds to the expansion from the liquid phase. The velocity distribution of these two components showed no significant difference between the expansions of para and normal hydrogen. In this study, LIF spectroscopy of single Mg-phthalocyanine molecules embedded in the H2 clusters consisting of 105 H2 molecules was used to investigate the properties of the fast component. The observed peak frequencies of the LIF signals, compared to those observed in helium droplets, were used to infer the possible presence of the liquid phase in the fast component of the H2 clusters below 5 K. The shift, linewidth, and splitting in the spectra, which strongly depend on the ortho/para ratio, are attributed to the local configurations of hydrogen in the vicinity of the probe molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatsuki Otani
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hiroko Nakahara
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Haruka Goto
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Susumu Kuma
- Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takamasa Momose
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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de Lara-Castells MP, Mitrushchenkov AO. A nuclear spin and spatial symmetry-adapted full quantum method for light particles inside carbon nanotubes: clusters of 3He, 4He, and para-H2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7908-7918. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05332e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new nuclear spin and spatial symmetry-adapted full quantum method for light fermionic and bosonic particles under cylindrical carbon nanotube confinement.
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6
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de Lara-Castells MP, Mitrushchenkov AO. From Molecular Aggregation to a One-Dimensional Quantum Crystal of Deuterium Inside a Carbon Nanotube of 1 nm Diameter. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5081-5086. [PMID: 32513002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quantum motion of clusters of up to four deuterium molecules under confinement in a single-wall (1 nm diameter) carbon nanotube is investigated by applying a highly accurate full quantum treatment of the most relevant nuclear degrees of freedom and an ab initio-derived potential model of the underlying dispersion-dominated intermolecular interactions. The wave functions and energies are calculated using an ad hoc-developed discrete variable representation (DVR) numerical approach in internal coordinates, with the space grid approaching a few billion grid points. We unambiguously demonstrate the formation of a solid-like pyramidal one-dimensional chain structure of molecules under the cylindrical nanotube confinement. The onset of solid-like packing is explained by analyzing the potential minima landscape. The stabilization of collective rotational motion through "rigid rotations" of four deuterium molecules provides conclusive evidence for the onset of a quantum solid-like behavior resembling that of quantum rings featuring persistent current (charged particles) or persistent flow (neutral particles).
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Brieuc F, Schran C, Uhl F, Forbert H, Marx D. Converged quantum simulations of reactive solutes in superfluid helium: The Bochum perspective. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:210901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0008309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Brieuc
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Schran
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix Uhl
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Harald Forbert
- Center for Solvation Science ZEMOS, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Abstract
The article presents the state of the art and reviews the literature on the long-standing problem of the possibility for a sample to be at the same time solid and superfluid. Theoretical models, numerical simulations, and experimental results are discussed.
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9
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Ibrahim A, Wang L, Halverson T, Le Roy RJ, Roy PN. Equation of state and first principles prediction of the vibrational matrix shift of solid parahydrogen. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244501. [PMID: 31893865 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We generate the equation of state (EOS) of solid parahydrogen (para-H2) using a path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulation based on a highly accurate first-principles adiabatic hindered rotor potential energy curve for the para-H2 dimer. The EOS curves for the fcc and hcp structures of solid para-H2 near the equilibrium density show that the hcp structure is the more stable of the two, in agreement with experiment. To accurately reproduce the structural and energy properties of solid para-H2, we eliminated by extrapolation the systematic errors associated with the choice of simulation parameters used in the PIMC calculation. We also investigate the temperature dependence of the EOS curves, and the invariance of the equilibrium density with temperature is satisfyingly reproduced. The pressure as a function of density and the compressibility as a function of pressure are both calculated using the obtained EOS and are compared with previous simulation results and experiments. We also report the first ever a priori prediction of a vibrational matrix shift from first-principles two-body potential functions, and its result for the equilibrium state agrees well with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ibrahim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lecheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Tom Halverson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Robert J Le Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pierre-Nicholas Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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10
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Uhl F, Marx D. Quantum Microsolvation of Protonated Methane with ^{4}He: Large-Amplitude Motion Heavily Influences Bosonic Exchange. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:123002. [PMID: 31633943 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum simulations of small CH_{5}^{+}·^{4}He_{n} complexes disclose significant and antagonistic impact of small-amplitude local vibrational motion vs large-amplitude global fluxional motion within the CH_{5}^{+} impurity on helium in real and permutation space. While the former significantly enhances bosonic exchange in the surrounding ^{4}He microsolvation shell compared to the rigid-body reference, the latter greatly suppresses long permutation cycles, which is traced back to the different nature of these quantum fluctuations. Therefore, it is expected that the resulting impact on local superfluidity is generic for fluctuating impurities in bosonic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Uhl
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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11
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Li H, Zhang XL, Zeng T, Le Roy RJ, Roy PN. Suppression of Parahydrogen Superfluidity in a Doped Nanoscale Bose Fluid Mixture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:093001. [PMID: 31524438 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.093001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Helium (^{4}He) nanodroplets provide a unique environment to observe the microscopic origins of superfluidity. The search for another superfluid substance has been an ongoing quest in the field of quantum fluids. Nearly two decades ago, experiments on doped parahydrogen (p-H_{2}) clusters embedded in ^{4}He droplets displayed anomalous spectroscopic signatures that were interpreted as a sign of the superfluidity of p-H_{2} [S. Grebenev et al., Science 289, 1532 (2000)SCIEAS0036-807510.1126/science.289.5484.1532]. Here, we observe, using first-principles quantum Monte Carlo simulations, a phase separation between a symmetric and localized p-H_{2} core and ^{4}He shells. The p-H_{2} core has minimal superfluid response. These findings are consistent with the recorded spectra but not with their original interpretation, and lead us to conclude that doped p-H_{2} clusters form a nonsuperfluid core in ^{4}He droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Robert J Le Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pierre-Nicholas Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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12
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Császár AG, Szidarovszky T, Asvany O, Schlemmer S. Fingerprints of microscopic superfluidity in HHe n+ clusters. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1585984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila G. Császár
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University and MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szidarovszky
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University and MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Oskar Asvany
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
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13
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Ortiz de Zárate J, Bartolomei M, González-Lezana T, Campos-Martínez J, Hernández MI, Pérez de Tudela R, Hernández-Rojas J, Bretón J, Pirani F, Kranabetter L, Martini P, Kuhn M, Laimer F, Scheier P. Snowball formation for Cs + solvation in molecular hydrogen and deuterium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15662-15668. [PMID: 31271179 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of atomic cations with molecular hydrogen are of interest for a wide range of applications in hydrogen technologies. These interactions are fairly strong despite being non-covalent, hence one can ask whether hydrogen molecules would form dense, solid-like, solvation shells around the ion (snowballs) or rather a more weakly bound compound. In this work, the interactions between Cs+ and H2 are studied both experimentally and computationally. Isotopic substitution of H2 by D2 is also investigated. On the one hand, helium nanodroplets doped with cesium and hydrogen or deuterium are ionized by electron impact and the (H2/D2)nCs+ (up to n = 30) clusters formed are identified via mass spectrometry. On the other hand, a new analytical potential energy surface, based on ab initio calculations, is developed and used to study cluster energies and structures by means of classical and quantum-mechanical Monte Carlo methods. The most salient features of the measured ion abundances are remarkably mimicked by the computed evaporation energies, particularly for the clusters composed of deuterium. This result supports the reliability of the present potential energy surface and allows us to recommend its use in related systems. Clusters with either twelve H2 or D2 molecules stand out for their stability and quasi-rigid icosahedral structures. However, the first solvation shell involves thirteen or fourteen molecules for hydrogenated or deuterated clusters, respectively. This shell retains its internal structure when extra molecules are added to the second shell and is nearly solid-like, especially for the deuterated clusters. The role played by three-body induction interactions as well as the rotational degrees of freedom is analyzed and they are found to be significant (up to 15% and 18%, respectively) for the molecules belonging to the first solvation shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josu Ortiz de Zárate
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IFF-CSIC), Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Massimiliano Bartolomei
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IFF-CSIC), Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tomás González-Lezana
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IFF-CSIC), Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Campos-Martínez
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IFF-CSIC), Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta I Hernández
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IFF-CSIC), Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Javier Hernández-Rojas
- Departamento de Fsica and IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Bretón
- Departamento de Fsica and IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Fernando Pirani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenz Kranabetter
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenphyisk und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Martini
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenphyisk und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Kuhn
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenphyisk und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Laimer
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenphyisk und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Scheier
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenphyisk und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Abe K, Yamaoka S, Hyeon-Deuk K. Isotopic Effects on Intermolecular and Intramolecular Structure and Dynamics in Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Tritium Liquids: Normal Liquid and Weakly and Strongly Cooled Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8233-8242. [PMID: 30095260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Differences in properties such as phase-transition temperature and transport coefficients among liquids of different isotopic compositions, hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium, should originate from their differently pronounced nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) rather than from any subtle difference in the electronic interaction potentials. Accurate and efficient determination of structural and dynamical isotopic effects in the quantum liquids still remains as one of the challenging problems in condensed-phase physics. With a recently developed nonempirical real-time molecular dynamics method which describes nonspherical molecules with the NQEs, we computationally realized and investigated dynamical and quantum isotopic effects of not only traditionally studied isotopes, hydrogen, and deuterium but also a lesser known radioisotope, tritium, in broad thermodynamic conditions from normal liquid to weakly and strongly cooled liquids, which have been hindered by rapid crystallization in spite of numerous experimental attempts at supercooling. Reproducing the previously reported experimental isotope dependence on the bond length and vibrational frequencies of hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium liquids, we further demonstrate that distinctive isotope effects appear in their intermolecular and intramolecular structure and dynamics not only at lower temperature but also at higher temperature, which none has so far been able to obtain quantitative results for realistic systems. Rationalization of their physical origins and the obtained physical insights will help future experimental searching and monitoring intermolecular and intramolecular dynamics and structures of these isotopes not only in normal liquid but also in supercooled liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiharu Abe
- Department of Chemistry , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Shutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Chemistry , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Kim Hyeon-Deuk
- Department of Chemistry , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO , 4-1-8 Honcho , Kawaguchi , Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
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15
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Liu JM, Zhang XL, Zhai Y, Li H. Theoretical Study of Infrared Spectra of OCS-( pH 2) 2, OCS-( oD 2) 2, OCS-(HD) 2, and Mixed OCS- pH 2-He Trimers. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:2915-2926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Min Liu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
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16
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Zhai Y, Li H, Le Roy RJ. Constructing high-accuracy intermolecular potential energy surface with multi-dimension Morse/Long-Range model. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1429687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhai
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Robert J. Le Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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17
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Qin M, Zhu H, Fan H. Ab initio potential energy surface and microwave spectra for the H 2-HCCCN complex. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:084309. [PMID: 28863519 DOI: 10.1063/1.4999689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a four-dimensional ab initio potential energy surface of the H2-HCCCN complex at the coupled-cluster singles and doubles with noniterative inclusion of connected triples [CCSD(T)]-F12 level with a large basis set including an additional set of bond functions. The artificial neural networks method was extended to fit the intermolecular potential energy surface. The complex has a planar linear global minimum with the well depth of 199.366 cm-1 located at R = 5.09 Å, φ = 0°, θ1 = 0°, and θ2 = 180°. An additional planar local minimum is also found with a depth of 175.579 cm-1 that is located at R = 3.37 Å, φ = 0°, θ1 = 110°, and θ2 = 104°. The radial discrete variable representation/angular finite basis representation and the Lanczos algorithm were employed to calculate the rovibrational energy levels for four species of H2-HCCCN (pH2-HCCCN, oH2-HCCCN, pD2-HCCCN, and oD2-HCCCN). The rotational frequencies and spectroscopic parameters were also determined for four complexes, which agree well with the experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qin
- School of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
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18
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Liu JM, Zhai Y, Li H. Explicit correlation treatment of the six-dimensional potential energy surface and predicted infrared spectra for OCS–H2. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:044313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4996086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Min Liu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
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Raston PL, Jäger W. Rotational Spectroscopic Study of Quantum Solvation in Isotopologic ( pH 2) N–CO Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3671-3678. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Raston
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
| | - Wolfgang Jäger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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20
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21
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Hoshina H, Sliter R, Ravi A, Kuma S, Momose T, Vilesov AF. Ro‐vibrational Spectra of (
para
‐H
2
)
N
‐CH
4
in He Droplets. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3818-3825. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Hoshina
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
- Terahertz Sensing and Imaging Laboratory RIKEN 519-1399 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845 Japan
| | - Russell Sliter
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
- KLA-Tencor 1 Technology Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USA
| | - Aakash Ravi
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
- Department of Physics Harvard University 17 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Susumu Kuma
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
- Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics Laboratory RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takamasa Momose
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Andrey F. Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
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22
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Calvo F, Yurtsever E. Solvation of carbonaceous molecules by para-H2 and ortho-D2 clusters. II. Fullerenes. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:084304. [PMID: 27586919 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The coating of various fullerenes by para-hydrogen and ortho-deuterium molecules has been computationally studied as a function of the solvent amount. Rotationally averaged interaction potentials for structureless hydrogen molecules are employed to model their interaction with neutral or charged carbonaceous dopants containing between 20 and 240 atoms, occasionally comparing different fullerenes having the same size but different shapes. The solvation energy and the size of the first solvation shell obtained from path-integral molecular dynamics simulations at 2 K show only minor influence on the dopant charge and on the possible deuteration of the solvent, although the shell size is largest for ortho-D2 coating cationic fullerenes. Nontrivial finite size effects have been found with the shell size varying non-monotonically close to its completion limit. For fullerenes embedded in large hydrogen clusters, the shell size and solvation energy both follow linear scaling with the fullerene size. The shell sizes obtained for C60 (+) and C70 (+) are close to 49 and 51, respectively, and agree with mass spectrometry experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calvo
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHy, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - E Yurtsever
- Koç University, Rumelifeneriyolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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23
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24
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Calvo F, Yurtsever E. Solvation of carbonaceous molecules by para-H2 and ortho-D2 clusters. I. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:224302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4952957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Calvo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - E. Yurtsever
- Koç University, Rumelifeneriyolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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25
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Hyeon-Deuk K, Ando K. Distinct structural and dynamical difference between supercooled and normal liquids of hydrogen molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2314-8. [PMID: 26750610 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06615h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supercooled hydrogen liquid as well as superfluid have continued to elude experimental observation due to rapid crystallization. We computationally realized and investigated supercooled hydrogen liquid by a recently developed non-empirical real-time molecular dynamics method, which describes non-spherical hydrogen molecules with the nuclear quantum effects. We demonstrated that the hydrogen supercooled liquid is not a simply cooled liquid but rather exhibits intrinsic structural and dynamical characters including a precursor of tunneling and superfluidity which neither normal hydrogen liquid nor solid possesses. All of the insights provide a milestone for planning experiments of metastable hydrogen systems like glassy and superfluid states and for identifying various unknown hydrogen phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hyeon-Deuk
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. and Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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26
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Hou D, Ma YT, Zhang XL, Li H. The origins of intra- and inter-molecular vibrational couplings: A case study of H2O-Ar on full and reduced-dimensional potential energy surface. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:014301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4939089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hou
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Tao Ma
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Schmidt M, Fernández JM, Faruk N, Nooijen M, Le Roy RJ, Morilla JH, Tejeda G, Montero S, Roy PN. Raman Vibrational Shifts of Small Clusters of Hydrogen Isotopologues. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12551-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Schmidt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - José M. Fernández
- Laboratory
of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nabil Faruk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Marcel Nooijen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Robert J. Le Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Juan H. Morilla
- Laboratory
of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guzmán Tejeda
- Laboratory
of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Montero
- Laboratory
of Molecular Fluid Dynamics, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 121, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre-Nicholas Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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28
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Dvorak M, Müller M, Bünermann O, Stienkemeier F. Size dependent transition to solid hydrogen and argon clusters probed via spectroscopy of PTCDA embedded in helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2015; 140:144301. [PMID: 24735293 DOI: 10.1063/1.4870395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexes made of either Ar(N) or (H2)N clusters (N = 1-170) and a single PTCDA molecule (3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride) are assembled inside helium droplets and spectroscopically studied via laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The frequency shift and line-broadening are analyzed as a function of N and of the pick-up order of the PTCDA and cluster material in order to track liquid or solid properties of the clusters. For argon, the solid phase is observed for N > 10 above which the pick-up order dramatically influences the localization of the chromophore with respect to the Ar cluster. If the droplets are doped first with Ar, the chromophore remains on the surface of a solid cluster whereas for the reversed pick-up order the molecule is surrounded by an argon shell. At N < 10 wetting and the formation of the first solvation shell are observed. For para-hydrogen, a transition to the solid is observed at N ~ 20-25, confirming previous theoretical predictions on the existence of a liquid-like phase at such small sizes, even below the bulk hydrogen freezing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Dvorak
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Müller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Bünermann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Zhang XL, Li H, Le Roy RJ, Roy PN. Microwave and infrared spectra of CO–(pH2)2, CO–(oD2)2, and mixed CO–pH2–He trimers. Theor Chem Acc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-014-1568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Berg M, Accardi A, Paulus B, Schmidt B. Rotationally adiabatic pair interactions of para- and ortho-hydrogen with the halogen molecules F2, Cl2, and Br2. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:074303. [PMID: 25149782 DOI: 10.1063/1.4892599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is concerned with the weak interactions between hydrogen and halogen molecules, i.e., the interactions of pairs H2-X2 with X = F, Cl, Br, which are dominated by dispersion and quadrupole-quadrupole forces. The global minimum of the four-dimensional (4D) coupled cluster with singles and doubles and perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) pair potentials is always a T shaped structure where H2 acts as the hat of the T, with well depths (De) of 1.3, 2.4, and 3.1 kJ/mol for F2, Cl2, and Br2, respectively. MP2/AVQZ results, in reasonable agreement with CCSD(T) results extrapolated to the basis set limit, are used for detailed scans of the potentials. Due to the large difference in the rotational constants of the monomers, in the adiabatic approximation, one can solve the rotational Schrödinger equation for H2 in the potential of the X2 molecule. This yields effective two-dimensional rotationally adiabatic potential energy surfaces where pH2 and oH2 are point-like particles. These potentials for the H2-X2 complexes have global and local minima for effective linear and T-shaped complexes, respectively, which are separated by 0.4-1.0 kJ/mol, where oH2 binds stronger than pH2 to X2, due to higher alignment to minima structures of the 4D-pair potential. Further, we provide fits of an analytical function to the rotationally adiabatic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Berg
- Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Accardi
- Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Schmidt
- Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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31
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Faruk N, Schmidt M, Li H, Le Roy RJ, Roy PN. First-principles prediction of the Raman shifts in parahydrogen clusters. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:014310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4885275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Faruk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Matthew Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert J. Le Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pierre-Nicholas Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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32
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Herdman CM, Inglis S, Roy PN, Melko RG, Del Maestro A. Path-integral Monte Carlo method for Rényi entanglement entropies. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:013308. [PMID: 25122411 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.013308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a quantum Monte Carlo algorithm to measure the Rényi entanglement entropies in systems of interacting bosons in the continuum. This approach is based on a path-integral ground state method that can be applied to interacting itinerant bosons in any spatial dimension with direct relevance to experimental systems of quantum fluids. We demonstrate how it may be used to compute spatial mode entanglement, particle partitioned entanglement, and the entanglement of particles, providing insights into quantum correlations generated by fluctuations, indistinguishability, and interactions. We present proof-of-principle calculations and benchmark against an exactly soluble model of interacting bosons in one spatial dimension. As this algorithm retains the fundamental polynomial scaling of quantum Monte Carlo when applied to sign-problem-free models, future applications should allow for the study of entanglement entropy in large-scale many-body systems of interacting bosons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Herdman
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Stephen Inglis
- Department of Physics, Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstraße 37, 80333 Munich, Germany and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - P-N Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - R G Melko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1 and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 2Y5
| | - A Del Maestro
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA and Vermont Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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33
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Ma YT, Zeng T, Li H. Analytical Morse/long-Range model potential and predicted infrared and microwave spectra for a symmetric top-atom dimer: A case study of CH3F–He. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:214309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4879956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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34
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Wairegi A, Gamboa A, Burbanks AD, Lee EA, Farrelly D. Microscopic superfluidity in 4He clusters stirred by a rotating impurity molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:143401. [PMID: 24765958 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.143401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effective moment of inertia of a CO impurity molecule in 4HeN and p-(H2)N solvent clusters initially increases with N but then commences a nonclassical decrease at N=4 (4He) or N=6 (p-H2). This suggests molecule-solvent decoupling and a transition to microscopic superfluidity. However, the quantum decoupling mechanism has not been elucidated. To understand the decoupling mechanism, a one-dimensional model is introduced in which the 4He atoms are confined to a ring. This model captures the physics and shows that decoupling happens primarily because of bosonic solvent-solvent repulsion. Quantum Monte Carlo and basis set calculations suggest that the system can be modeled as a stirred Tonks-Girardeau gas. This allows the N-particle time-dependent Schrödinger equation to be solved directly. Computations of the integrated particle current reveal a threshold for stirring and current generation, indicative of superfluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Wairegi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
| | - Antonio Gamboa
- Institut de Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS UMR 8214, Université de Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 210, F91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Andrew D Burbanks
- Department of Mathematics, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, P01 3HF, United Kingdom
| | - Ernestine A Lee
- FivePrime Therapeutics, Two Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - David Farrelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
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35
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Zeng T, Roy PN. Microscopic molecular superfluid response: theory and simulations. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:046601. [PMID: 24647079 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/4/046601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1938, superfluidity has been the subject of much investigation because it provides a unique example of a macroscopic manifestation of quantum mechanics. About 60 years later, scientists successfully observed this phenomenon in the microscopic world though the spectroscopic Andronikashvili experiment in helium nano-droplets. This reduction of scale suggests that not only helium but also para-H2 (pH2) can be a candidate for superfluidity. This expectation is based on the fact that the smaller number of neighbours and surface effects of a finite-size cluster may hinder solidification and promote a liquid-like phase. The first prediction of superfluidity in pH2 clusters was reported in 1991 based on quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The possible superfluidity of pH2 was later indirectly observed in a spectroscopic Andronikashvili experiment in 2000. Since then, a growing number of studies have appeared, and theoretical simulations have been playing a special role because they help guide and interpret experiments. In this review, we go over the theoretical studies of pH2 superfluid clusters since the experiment of 2000. We provide a historical perspective and introduce the basic theoretical formalism along with key experimental advances. We then present illustrative results of the theoretical studies and comment on the possible future developments in the field. We include sufficient theoretical details such that the review can serve as a guide for newcomers to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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36
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Li H, Zhang XL, Le Roy RJ, Roy PN. Analytic Morse/long-range potential energy surfaces and predicted infrared spectra for CO–H2 dimer and frequency shifts of CO in (para-H2)N N = 1–20 clusters. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:164315. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4826595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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37
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Wang L, Xie D, Le Roy RJ, Roy PN. A new six-dimensional potential energy surface for H2–N2O and its adiabatic-hindered-rotor treatment. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:034312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4813527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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38
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Zeng T, Guillon G, Cantin JT, Roy PN. Probing the Superfluid Response of para-Hydrogen with a Sulfur Dioxide Dopant. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:2391-2396. [PMID: 26704292 DOI: 10.1021/jz401188j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We recently presented the first attempt at using an asymmetric top molecule (para-water) to probe the superfluidity of nanoclusters (of para-hydrogen) [ Zeng , T. ; Li , H. ; Roy , P.-N. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013 , 4 , 18 - 22 ]. Unfortunately, para-water could not be used to probe the para-hydrogen superfluid response. We now report a theoretical simulation of sulfur dioxide rotating in para-hydrogen clusters and show that this asymmetric top can serve as a genuine probe of superfluidity. With this probe, we predict that as few as four para-hydrogen molecules are enough to form a superfluid cluster, the smallest superfluid system to date. We also propose the concept of "exchange superfluid fraction" as a more precise measurement. New superfluid scenarios brought about by an asymmetric top dopant and potential experimental measurements are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Grégoire Guillon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joshua T Cantin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pierre-Nicholas Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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39
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Tritzant-Martinez Y, Zeng T, Broom A, Meiering E, Le Roy RJ, Roy PN. On the analytical representation of free energy profiles with a Morse/long-range model: Application to the water dimer. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:234103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4810006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Hayashi M, Ohshima Y. Sub-Doppler Electronic Spectra of Benzene–(H2)n Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:9819-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312754v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hayashi
- Institute
for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji,
Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Institute
for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji,
Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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41
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Guillon G, Zeng T, Roy PN. On the origin and convergence of a post-quantization constrained propagator for path integral simulations of rigid bodies. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:184101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4803118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Zeng T, Li H, Roy PN. Simulating Asymmetric Top Impurities in Superfluid Clusters: A para-Water Dopant in para-Hydrogen. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:18-22. [PMID: 26291205 DOI: 10.1021/jz3017705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the first simulation study of bosonic clusters doped with an asymmetric top molecule. The path-integral Monte Carlo method with the latest methodological advance in treating rigid-body rotation [Noya, E. G.; Vega, C.; McBride, C. J. Chem. Phys.2011, 134, 054117] is employed to study a para-water impurity in para-hydrogen clusters with up to 20 para-hydrogen molecules. The growth pattern of the doped clusters is similar in nature to that of pure clusters. The para-water molecule appears to rotate freely in the cluster. The presence of para-water substantially quenches the superfluid response of para-hydrogen with respect to the space-fixed frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hui Li
- ‡Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Pierre-Nicholas Roy
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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43
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Li H, Ma YT. An intramolecular vibrationally excited intermolecular potential for He–OCS: Globally tested by simulation of vibrational shifts for OCS in HeN N = 1 − 100 Clusters. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:234310. [PMID: 23267489 DOI: 10.1063/1.4772186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
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Raston PL, Jäger W, Li H, Le Roy RJ, Roy PN. Persistent molecular superfluid response in doped para-hydrogen clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:253402. [PMID: 23004599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.253402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Direct observation of superfluid response in para-hydrogen (p-H(2)) remains a challenge because of the need for a probe that would not induce localization and a resultant reduction in superfluid fraction. Earlier work [H. Li, R. J. Le Roy, P.-N. Roy, and A. R. W. McKellar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 133401 (2010)] has shown that carbon dioxide can probe the effective inertia of p-H(2) although larger clusters show a lower superfluid response due to localization. It is shown here that the lighter carbon monoxide probe molecule allows one to measure the effective inertia of p-H(2) clusters while maintaining a maximum superfluid response with respect to dopant rotation. Microwave spectroscopy and a theoretical analysis based on Feynman path-integral simulations are used to support this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Raston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Ing C, Hinsen K, Yang J, Zeng T, Li H, Roy PN. A path-integral Langevin equation treatment of low-temperature doped helium clusters. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:224309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4726507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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McKellar ARW. Infrared spectra of CO2-doped hydrogen clusters, (H2)N–CO2. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:094305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3691101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Zeng T, Li H, Le Roy RJ, Roy PN. “Adiabatic-hindered-rotor” treatment of the parahydrogen-water complex. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:094304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3626840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Li H, McKellar ARW, Le Roy RJ, Roy PN. Theoretical and experimental study of weakly bound CO2-(pH2)2 trimers. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7327-37. [PMID: 21627164 DOI: 10.1021/jp200810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The infrared spectrum of CO(2)-(pH(2))(2) trimers is predicted by performing exact basis-set calculations on a global potential energy surface defined as the sum of accurately known two-body pH(2)-CO(2) (J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 132, 214309) and pH(2)-pH(2) potentials (J. Chem. Phys. 2008, 129, 094304). These results are compared with new spectroscopic measurements for this species, for which 13 transitions are now assigned. A reduced-dimension treatment of the pH(2) rotation has been employed by applying the hindered-rotor averaging technique of Li, Roy, and Le Roy (J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 133, 104305). Three-body effects and the quality of the potential are discussed. A new technique for displaying the three-dimensional pH(2) density in the body-fixed frame is used, and shows that in the ground state the two pH(2) molecules are localized much more closely together than is the case for the two He atoms in the analogous CO(2)-(He)(2) species. A clear tunneling splitting is evident for the torsional motion of the two pH(2) molecules on a ring about the CO(2) molecular axis, in contrast to the case of CO(2)-(He)(2) where a more regular progression of vibrational levels reflects the much lower torsional barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Kühnel M, Fernández JM, Tejeda G, Kalinin A, Montero S, Grisenti RE. Time-resolved study of crystallization in deeply cooled liquid parahydrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:245301. [PMID: 21770578 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.245301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present real-time measurements of the crystallization process occurring in liquid para-hydrogen (para-H(2)) quenched to ≈0.65T(m) (T(m)=13.8 K is the melting point of bulk liquid para-H(2)). The combination of high spatial resolution Raman spectroscopy and liquid microjet generation allows, in situ, capturing structural changes with ∼10(-8) s time resolution. Our results provide a crystal growth rate that rules out a thermally activated freezing process and reveal that the quenched melt freezes into a metastable polymorph, which undergoes a structural transition. The achieved temporal control offers new opportunities for exploring the elementary processes of nonequilibrium phase transformations in supercooled liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kühnel
- Institut für Kernphysik, J W Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kuma S, Nakahara H, Tsubouchi M, Takahashi A, Mustafa M, Sim G, Momose T, Vilesov AF. Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Tetracene with Large Ar, Ne, and H2 Clusters in Superfluid He Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7392-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp203341r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Kuma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hiroko Nakahara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Masaaki Tsubouchi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Majd Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Goeun Sim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Takamasa Momose
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Andrey F. Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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