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Liu Y, Zhu B, Jiang S, Huang S, Luo M, Zhang S, Yan H, Zhang Y, Lu R, Tao Z. Dephasing of Strong-Field-Driven Excitonic Autler-Townes Doublets Revealed by Time- and Spectrum-Resolved Quantum-Path Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:026901. [PMID: 39073979 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.026901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Understanding dephasing mechanisms of strong-field-driven excitons in condensed matter is essential for their applications in quantum-state manipulation and ultrafast optical modulations. However, experimental access to exciton dephasing under strong-field conditions is challenging. In this study, using time- and spectrum-resolved quantum-path interferometry, we investigate the dephasing mechanisms of terahertz-driven excitonic Autler-Townes doublets in MoS_{2}. Our results reveal a dramatic increase in the dephasing rate beyond a threshold field strength, indicating exciton dissociation as the primary dephasing mechanism. Furthermore, we demonstrate nonperturbative high-order sideband generation in a regime where the driving fields are insufficient to dissociate excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Shenyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hugen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200232, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen 518054, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zhensheng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE), Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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2
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Ma YH, Hou XW, Zhao R, Li MX, Zhao XY. Chaos generated in a semiconductor microcavity. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:024220. [PMID: 36932531 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.024220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of chaos in quantum systems has attracted much interest in connection with the fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. We study the chaotic dynamics of both the excitonic mode and the cavity mode in a microcavity containing a quantum well driven by an external field. We investigate how the chaotic dynamics is influenced by the frequencies of the exciton and the cavity, the coupling constant between the exciton and cavity, the Coulomb interaction between excitons, and the response of the exciton to the cavity and the external field. We show that chaos can be generated synchronously in both the cavity and the excitonic mode by choosing appropriate parameters. Moreover, this kind of chaos can be controlled by the coupling constant, the strength of the interaction between excitons, the external field, the response of the excitons to the cavity, and the detuning between the cavity field and the excitonic field. The present study may have applications in chaos-based neural networks and extreme event statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hong Ma
- School of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wang Hou
- School of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhao
- School of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xin Li
- School of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu Zhao
- Department of Physics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, People's Republic of China
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3
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Yumoto G, Hirori H, Sekiguchi F, Sato R, Saruyama M, Teranishi T, Kanemitsu Y. Strong spin-orbit coupling inducing Autler-Townes effect in lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3026. [PMID: 34021150 PMCID: PMC8140147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of excitons via coherent light-matter interaction is a promising approach for quantum state engineering and ultrafast optical modulation. Various excitation pathways in the excitonic multilevel systems provide controllability more efficient than that in the two-level system. However, these control schemes have been restricted to limited control-light wavelengths and cryogenic temperatures. Here, we report that lead halide perovskites can lift these restrictions owing to their multiband structure induced by strong spin-orbit coupling. Using CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals, we observe an anomalous enhancement of the exciton energy shift at room temperature with increasing control-light wavelength from the visible to near-infrared region. The enhancement occurs because the interconduction band transitions between spin-orbit split states have large dipole moments and induce a crossover from the two-level optical Stark effect to the three-level Autler-Townes effect. Our finding establishes a basis for efficient coherent optical manipulation of excitons utilizing energy states with large spin-orbit splitting. Here, Yumoto et al. demonstrate that for a halide perovskite with large spin-orbit splitting the optical Stark effect can give way to a three level Autler-Townes effect in the near-infrared region. The multiband nature of the effect potentially allows for further optical control over quantum states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Yumoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirori
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiya Sekiguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Saruyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Ovchinnikov AV, Chefonov OV, Agranat MB, Fortov VE, Jazbinsek M, Hauri CP. Generation of strong-field spectrally tunable terahertz pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:33921-33936. [PMID: 33182871 DOI: 10.1364/oe.405545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ideal laser source for nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy offers large versatility delivering both ultra-intense broadband single-cycle pulses and user-selectable multi-cycle pulses at narrow linewidths. Here we show a highly versatile terahertz laser platform providing single-cycle transients with tens of MV/cm peak field as well as spectrally narrow pulses, tunable in bandwidth and central frequency across 5 octaves at several MV/cm field strengths. The compact scheme is based on optical rectification in organic crystals of a temporally modulated laser beam. It allows up to 50 cycles and central frequency tunable from 0.5 to 7 terahertz, with a minimum width of 30 GHz, corresponding to the photon-energy width of ΔE=0.13 meV and the spectroscopic-wavenumber width of Δ(λ-1)=1.1 cm-1. The experimental results are excellently predicted by theoretical modelling. Our table-top source shows similar performances to that of large-scale terahertz facilities but offering in addition more versatility, multi-colour femtosecond pump-probe opportunities and ultralow timing jitter.
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5
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Kim J, Lim JS, Noh HR, Kim SK. Experimental Observation of the Autler-Townes Splitting in Polyatomic Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6791-6795. [PMID: 32787212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Autler-Townes (AT) splitting has been experimentally observed in the optical transition between the zero-point levels of S1 and S0 for supersonically cooled 2-methoxythiophenol, 2-fluorothiophenol, and 2-chlorothiophenol. This is the first experimental observation of the light-dressed quantum states of polyatomic molecules (N > 3) in the electronic transition. In the resonance-enhanced ionization process involving the optically coupled states, if Rabi cycling is ensured within the nanosecond laser pulse, AT splitting is clearly observed for the open system for which the excited-state lifetime is shorter than hundreds of picoseconds. Semiclassical optical Bloch equations and a dressed-atom approach based on the three-level atomic model describe the experiment quite well, giving deep insights into the light-matter interaction in polyatomic molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junggil Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean Sun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Ryoul Noh
- Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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6
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Schmidt J, Winnerl S, Dimakis E, Hübner R, Schneider H, Helm M. All-THz pump-probe spectroscopy of the intersubband AC-Stark effect in a wide GaAs quantum well. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:25358-25370. [PMID: 32907058 DOI: 10.1364/oe.398219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of the intersubband AC-Stark effect in a single wide GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. In a three-level configuration, the n = 2 to n = 3 intersubband transition is resonantly pumped at 3.5 THz using a free-electron laser. The induced spectral changes are probed using THz time-domain spectroscopy with a broadband pulse extending up to 4 THz. We observe an Autler-Townes splitting at the 1 - 2 intersubband transition as well as an indication of a Mollow triplet at the 2 - 3 transition, both evidencing the dressed states. For longer delay times, a relaxation of the hot-electron system with a time constant of around 420 ps is measured.
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7
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On the possibility of a terahertz light emitting diode based on a dressed quantum well. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16320. [PMID: 31705055 PMCID: PMC6841726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider theoretically the realization of a tunable terahertz light emitting diode from a quantum well with dressed electrons placed in a highly doped p-n junction. In the considered system the strong resonant dressing field forms dynamic Stark gaps in the valence and conduction bands and the electric field inside the p-n junction makes the QW asymmetric. It is shown that the electrons transiting through the light induced Stark gaps in the conduction band emit photons with energy directly proportional to the dressing field. This scheme is tunable, compact, and shows a fair efficiency.
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8
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Jirauschek C, Riesch M, Tzenov P. Optoelectronic Device Simulations Based on Macroscopic Maxwell–Bloch Equations. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jirauschek
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTechnical University of MunichArcisstr. 21 80333 Munich Germany
| | - Michael Riesch
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTechnical University of MunichArcisstr. 21 80333 Munich Germany
| | - Petar Tzenov
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTechnical University of MunichArcisstr. 21 80333 Munich Germany
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9
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Piętka B, Bobrovska N, Stephan D, Teich M, Król M, Winnerl S, Pashkin A, Mirek R, Lekenta K, Morier-Genoud F, Schneider H, Deveaud B, Helm M, Matuszewski M, Szczytko J. Doubly Dressed Bosons: Exciton Polaritons in a Strong Terahertz Field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:077403. [PMID: 28949662 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.077403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the existence of a novel quasiparticle, an exciton in a semiconductor doubly dressed with two photons of different wavelengths: a near infrared cavity photon and terahertz (THz) photon, with the THz coupling strength approaching the ultrastrong coupling regime. This quasiparticle is composed of three different bosons, being a mixture of a matter-light quasiparticle. Our observations are confirmed by a detailed theoretical analysis, treating quantum mechanically all three bosonic fields. The doubly dressed quasiparticles retain the bosonic nature of their constituents, but their internal quantum structure strongly depends on the intensity of the applied terahertz field.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Piętka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Bobrovska
- The Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Stephan
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, HZDR, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Teich
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, HZDR, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Król
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Winnerl
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, HZDR, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Pashkin
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, HZDR, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Mirek
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Lekenta
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - F Morier-Genoud
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Schneider
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, HZDR, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Deveaud
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Helm
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, HZDR, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Matuszewski
- The Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Szczytko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Kyriienko O, Kibis OV, Shelykh IA. Floquet control of dipolaritons in quantum wells. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2398-2401. [PMID: 28614320 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We developed the theory of dipolaritons in semiconductor quantum wells irradiated by an off-resonant electromagnetic wave (dressing field). Solving the Floquet problem for the dressed dipolaritons, we demonstrated that the field drastically modifies all dipolaritonic properties. In particular, the dressing field strongly affects the terahertz emission from the considered system. The described effect paves the way for optical control of prospective dipolariton-based terahertz devices.
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11
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Uchida K, Otobe T, Mochizuki T, Kim C, Yoshita M, Akiyama H, Pfeiffer LN, West KW, Tanaka K, Hirori H. Subcycle Optical Response Caused by a Terahertz Dressed State with Phase-Locked Wave Functions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:277402. [PMID: 28084756 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.277402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The coherent interaction of light with matter imprints the phase information of the light field on the wave function of the photon-dressed electronic state. A driving electric field, together with a stable phase that is associated with the optical probe pulses, enables the role of the dressed state in the optical response to be investigated. We observed optical absorption strengths modulated on a subcycle time scale in a GaAs quantum well in the presence of a multicycle terahertz driving pulse using a near-infrared probe pulse. The measurements were in good agreement with the analytical formula that accounts for the optical susceptibilities caused by the dressed state of the excitons, which indicates that the output probe intensity was coherently reshaped by the excitonic sideband emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Uchida
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - T Otobe
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0615, Japan
| | - T Mochizuki
- Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0298, Japan
| | - C Kim
- Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo, and JST-CREST, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - M Yoshita
- Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo, and JST-CREST, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - H Akiyama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo, and JST-CREST, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - L N Pfeiffer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K W West
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - K Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - H Hirori
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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12
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Tseng F, Simsek E, Gunlycke D. Using dark states for exciton storage in transition-metal dichalcogenides. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:034005. [PMID: 26704568 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/3/034005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We explore the possibility of storing excitons in excitonic dark states in monolayer semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides. In addition to being optically inactive, these dark states require the electron and hole to be spatially separated, thus inhibiting electron/hole recombination and allowing exciton lifetimes to be extended. Based on an atomistic exciton model, we derive transition matrix elements and an approximate selection rule showing that excitons could be transitioned into and out of dark states using a pulsed infrared laser. For illustration, we also present exciton population scenarios based on a population analysis for different recombination decay constants. Longer exciton lifetimes could make these materials candidates for applications in energy management and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Tseng
- National Research Council Research Associate, Washington DC 20001, USA. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375, USA
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13
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Regensburger S, Mittendorff M, Winnerl S, Lu H, Gossard AC, Preu S. Broadband THz detection from 0.1 to 22 THz with large area field-effect transistors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:20732-20742. [PMID: 26367925 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.020732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on ultrafast detection of radiation between 100 GHz and 22 THz by field-effect transistors in a large area configuration. With the exception of the Reststrahlenband of GaAs, the spectral coverage of the GaAs-based detectors is more than two orders of magnitude, covering the entire THz range (100 GHz - 10 THz). The temporal resolution of the robust devices is yet limited by the 30 GHz oscilloscope used for read out. The responsivity roll-off towards higher frequencies is weaker than expected from an RC-roll-off model. Terahertz pulses with peak powers of up to 65kW have been recorded without damaging the devices.
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14
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Schmidt J, Winnerl S, Seidel W, Bauer C, Gensch M, Schneider H, Helm M. Single-pulse picking at kHz repetition rates using a Ge plasma switch at the free-electron laser FELBE. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:063103. [PMID: 26133824 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a system for picking of mid-infrared and terahertz (THz) radiation pulses from the free-electron laser (FEL) FELBE operating at a repetition rate of 13 MHz. Single pulses are reflected by a dense electron-hole plasma in a Ge slab that is photoexcited by amplified near-infrared (NIR) laser systems operating at repetition rates of 1 kHz and 100 kHz, respectively. The peak intensity of picked pulses is up to 400 times larger than the peak intensity of residual pulses. The required NIR fluence for picking pulses at wavelengths in the range from 5 μm to 30 μm is discussed. In addition, we show that the reflectivity of the plasma decays on a time scale from 100 ps to 1 ns dependent on the wavelengths of the FEL and the NIR laser. The plasma switch enables experiments with the FEL that require high peak power but lower average power. Furthermore, the system is well suited to investigate processes with decay times in the μs to ms regime, i.e., much longer than the 77 ns long pulse repetition period of FELBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schmidt
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Winnerl
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - W Seidel
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Bauer
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Gensch
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - H Schneider
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Helm
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
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15
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Liu S, Yang WX, Chuang YL, Chen AX, Liu A, Huang Y, Lee RK. Enhanced four-wave mixing efficiency in four-subband semiconductor quantum wells via Fano-type interference. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:29179-29190. [PMID: 25402157 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.029179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze an efficient way to enhance four-wave mixing (FWM) signals in a four-subband semiconductor quantum well via Fano-type interference. By using Schrödinger-Maxwell formalism, we derive explicitly analytical expressions for the input probe pulse and the generated FWM field in linear regime under the steady-state condition. With the aid of interference between two excited subbands tunneling to the common continuum, the efficiency to generate FWM field is found to be significantly enhanced, up to 35%. More interestingly, a linear growth rate in the FWM efficiency is demonstrated as the strength of Fano-type interference increases in presence of the continuum states, which can be maintained for a certain propagation distance (i.e., 50μm).
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16
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Yoshida T, Kamada S, Aoki T. Elimination of the chirp of narrowband terahertz pulses generated by chirped pulse beating using a tandem grating pair laser pulse stretcher. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:23679-23685. [PMID: 25321834 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.023679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the elimination of the chirp of narrowband terahertz pulses generated by chirped laser pulse beating using a laser pulse stretcher with two grating pairs that cancel out the third-order spectral phase. First, we show that positively chirped terahertz pulses can be generated using a pulse stretcher with a grating pair and internal lenses. We then combine this with a second grating pair, the spectral phase of which has the opposite sign to that of the first one. By varying the separation of the second grating pair, we experimentally verify that the chirp of the generated terahertz pulses can be eliminated.
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17
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Revealing the dark side of a bright exciton-polariton condensate. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4648. [PMID: 25115964 PMCID: PMC4143947 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensation of bosons causes spectacular phenomena such as superfluidity or superconductivity. Understanding the nature of the condensed particles is crucial for active control of such quantum phases. Fascinating possibilities emerge from condensates of light–matter-coupled excitations, such as exciton–polaritons, photons hybridized with hydrogen-like bound electron–hole pairs. So far, only the photon component has been resolved, while even the mere existence of excitons in the condensed regime has been challenged. Here we trace the matter component of polariton condensates by monitoring intra-excitonic terahertz transitions. We study how a reservoir of optically dark excitons forms and feeds the degenerate state. Unlike atomic gases, the atom-like transition in excitons is dramatically renormalized on macroscopic ground state population. Our results establish fundamental differences between polariton condensation and photon lasing and open possibilities for coherent control of condensates. Exciton–polaritons are bosonic quasi-particles resulting from strong coupling of excitons and photons but so far only their photon component had been resolved. Here, Menard et al. monitor the intra-excitonic transitions and study how a reservoir of optically dark excitons forms and feeds the degenerate state.
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Banks H, Zaks B, Yang F, Mack S, Gossard AC, Liu R, Sherwin MS. Terahertz electron-hole recollisions in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells: robustness to scattering by optical phonons and thermal fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:267402. [PMID: 24483813 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.267402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electron-hole recollisions are induced by resonantly injecting excitons with a near-IR laser at frequency fNIR into quantum wells driven by a 10 kV/cm field oscillating at fTHz=0.57 THz. At T=12 K, up to 18 sidebands are observed at frequencies fsideband=fNIR+2nfTHz, with -8≤2n≤28. Electrons and holes recollide with total kinetic energies up to 57 meV, well above the ELO=36 meV threshold for longitudinal optical (LO) phonon emission. Sidebands with order up to 2n=22 persist up to room temperature. A simple model shows that LO phonon scattering suppresses but does not eliminate sidebands associated with kinetic energies above ELO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Banks
- Physics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA and Institute for Terahertz Science and Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Ben Zaks
- Physics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA and Institute for Terahertz Science and Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shawn Mack
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Arthur C Gossard
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Renbao Liu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark S Sherwin
- Physics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA and Institute for Terahertz Science and Technology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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19
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Kim JH, II GTN, McGill SA, Wang Y, Wójcik AK, Belyanin AA, Kono J. Fermi-edge superfluorescence from a quantum-degenerate electron-hole gas. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3283. [PMID: 24257510 PMCID: PMC3836032 DOI: 10.1038/srep03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonequilibrium can be a source of order. This rather counterintuitive statement has been proven to be true through a variety of fluctuation-driven, self-organization behaviors exhibited by out-of-equilibrium, many-body systems in nature (physical, chemical, and biological), resulting in the spontaneous appearance of macroscopic coherence. Here, we report on the observation of spontaneous bursts of coherent radiation from a quantum-degenerate gas of nonequilibrium electron-hole pairs in semiconductor quantum wells. Unlike typical spontaneous emission from semiconductors, which occurs at the band edge, the observed emission occurs at the quasi-Fermi edge of the carrier distribution. As the carriers are consumed by recombination, the quasi-Fermi energy goes down toward the band edge, and we observe a continuously red-shifting streak. We interpret this emission as cooperative spontaneous recombination of electron-hole pairs, or superfluorescence (SF), which is enhanced by Coulomb interactions near the Fermi edge. This novel many-body enhancement allows the magnitude of the spontaneously developed macroscopic polarization to exceed the maximum value for ordinary SF, making electron-hole SF even more "super" than atomic SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Kim
- Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - G. Timothy Noe II
- Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Stephen A. McGill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Yongrui Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Aleksander K. Wójcik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alexey A. Belyanin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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20
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Preu S, Mittendorff M, Winnerl S, Lu H, Gossard AC, Weber HB. Ultra-fast transistor-based detectors for precise timing of near infrared and THz signals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:17941-17950. [PMID: 23938666 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.017941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A whole class of two-color experiments involves intense, short Terahertz radiation pulses. A fast and moderately sensitive detector capable to resolve both near-infrared and Terahertz pulses at the same time is highly desirable. Here we present the first detector of this kind. The detector element is a GaAs-based field effect transistor operated at room temperature. THz detection is successfully demonstrated at frequencies up to 4.9 THz. The THz detection time constant is shorter than 30 ps, the optical time constant is 150 ps. This detector is ideally suited for precise, simultaneous resolution of optical and THz pulses and for pulse characterization of high-power THz pulses up to tens of kW peak power levels. The dynamic range of the detector is as large as 65±3dB/Hz, enabling applications in a large variety of experiments and setups, also including table-top systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Preu
- Univ. of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
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21
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Rice WD, Kono J, Zybell S, Winnerl S, Bhattacharyya J, Schneider H, Helm M, Ewers B, Chernikov A, Koch M, Chatterjee S, Khitrova G, Gibbs HM, Schneebeli L, Breddermann B, Kira M, Koch SW. Observation of forbidden exciton transitions mediated by Coulomb interactions in photoexcited semiconductor quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:137404. [PMID: 23581371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.137404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We use terahertz pulses to induce resonant transitions between the eigenstates of optically generated exciton populations in a high-quality semiconductor quantum well sample. Monitoring the excitonic photoluminescence, we observe transient quenching of the 1s exciton emission, which we attribute to the terahertz-induced 1s-to-2p excitation. Simultaneously, a pronounced enhancement of the 2s exciton emission is observed, despite the 1s-to-2s transition being dipole forbidden. A microscopic many-body theory explains the experimental observations as a Coulomb-scattering mixing of the 2s and 2p states, yielding an effective terahertz transition between the 1s and 2s populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Rice
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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22
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Paspalakis E, Boviatsis J. Ultrashort electromagnetic pulse control of intersubband quantum well transitions. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:478. [PMID: 22916956 PMCID: PMC3497868 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
: We study the creation of high-efficiency controlled population transfer in intersubband transitions of semiconductor quantum wells. We give emphasis to the case of interaction of the semiconductor quantum well with electromagnetic pulses with a duration of few cycles and even a single cycle. We numerically solve the effective nonlinear Bloch equations for a specific double GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well structure, taking into account the ultrashort nature of the applied field, and show that high-efficiency population inversion is possible for specific pulse areas. The dependence of the efficiency of population transfer on the electron sheet density and the carrier envelope phase of the pulse is also explored. For electromagnetic pulses with a duration of several cycles, we find that the change in the electron sheet density leads to a very different response of the population in the two subbands to pulse area. However, for pulses with a duration equal to or shorter than 3 cycles, we show that efficient population transfer between the two subbands is possible, independent of the value of electron sheet density, if the pulse area is Π.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Paspalakis
- Materials Science Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - John Boviatsis
- Technological and Educational Institute of Patras, Patras, 26334, Megalou Alexandrou 1, Greece
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23
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Zaks B, Liu RB, Sherwin MS. Experimental observation of electron–hole recollisions. Nature 2012; 483:580-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Chen G, Gallo EM, Leaffer OD, McGuckin T, Prete P, Lovergine N, Spanier JE. Tunable hot-electron transfer within a single core-shell nanowire. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:156802. [PMID: 22107312 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.156802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the hot photoexcited electron transfer across the coaxial interface of a cylindrical core-shell nanowire. Modulation of the transfer rates, manifested as a large tunability of the voltage onset of negative differential resistance and of voltage-current phase, is achieved using three different modes. The coupling of electrostatic gating, incident photon energy, and the incident photon intensity to transfer rates is facilitated by the combined influences of geometric confinement and heterojunction shape on hot-electron transfer, and by electron-electron scattering rates that can be altered by varying the incident photon flux, with evidence of weak electron-phonon scattering. Dynamic manipulation of this transfer rate permits the introduction and control of a continuously adjustable phase delay of up to ∼130° within a single nanometer-scale device element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 USA
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25
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Bhattacharyya J, Wagner M, Zybell S, Winnerl S, Stehr D, Helm M, Schneider H. Simultaneous time and wavelength resolved spectroscopy under two-colour near infrared and terahertz excitation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:103107. [PMID: 22047280 DOI: 10.1063/1.3653394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Time and wavelength resolved spectroscopy requires optical sources emitting very short pulses and a fast detection mechanism capable of measuring the evolution of the output spectrum as a function of time. We use table-top Ti:sapphire lasers and a free-electron laser (FEL) emitting ps pulses as excitation sources and a streak camera coupled to a spectrometer for detection. One of the major aspects of this setup is the synchronization of pulses from the two lasers which we describe in detail. Optical properties of the FEL pulses are studied by autocorrelation and electro-optic sampling measurements. We discuss the advantages of using this setup to perform photoluminescence quenching in semiconductor quantum wells and quantum dots. Carrier redistribution due to pulsed excitation in these heterostructures can be investigated directly. Sideband generation in quantum wells is also studied where the intense FEL pulses facilitate the detection of the otherwise weak nonlinear effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bhattacharyya
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
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