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Hao S, Shi H, Li W, Shapiro JH, Zhuang Q, Zhang Z. Entanglement-Assisted Communication Surpassing the Ultimate Classical Capacity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:250501. [PMID: 34241503 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.250501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement underpins a variety of quantum-enhanced communication, sensing, and computing capabilities. Entanglement-assisted communication (EACOMM) leverages entanglement preshared by communicating parties to boost the rate of classical information transmission. Pioneering theory works showed that EACOMM can enable a communication rate well beyond the ultimate classical capacity of optical communications, but an experimental demonstration of any EACOMM advantage remains elusive. In this Letter we report the implementation of EACOMM surpassing the classical capacity over lossy and noisy bosonic channels. We construct a high-efficiency entanglement source and a phase-conjugate quantum receiver to reap the benefit of preshared entanglement, despite entanglement being broken by channel loss and noise. We show that EACOMM beats the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland capacity of classical communication by up to 16.3%, when both protocols are subject to the same power constraint at the transmitter. As a practical performance benchmark, we implement a classical communication protocol with the identical characteristics for the encoded signal, showing that EACOMM can reduce the bit-error rate by up to 69% over the same bosonic channel. Our work opens a route to provable quantum advantages in a wide range of quantum information processing tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Hao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Haowei Shi
- James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Shapiro
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Quntao Zhuang
- James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Zheshen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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