1
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Yang H, Wang XY, Su Z, Cao J, Zhang DC, Rui J, Zhao B, Bai CL, Pan JW. Evidence for the association of triatomic molecules in ultracold 23Na 40K + 40K mixtures. Nature 2022; 602:229-233. [PMID: 35140383 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ultracold assembly of diatomic molecules has enabled great advances in controlled chemistry, ultracold chemical physics and quantum simulation with molecules1-3. Extending the ultracold association to triatomic molecules will offer many new research opportunities and challenges in these fields. A possible approach is to form triatomic molecules in a mixture of ultracold atoms and diatomic molecules by using a Feshbach resonance between them4,5. Although ultracold atom-diatomic-molecule Feshbach resonances have been observed recently6,7, using these resonances to form triatomic molecules remains challenging. Here we report on evidence of the association of triatomic molecules near the Feshbach resonance between 23Na40K molecules in the rovibrational ground state and 40K atoms. We apply a radio-frequency pulse to drive the free-bound transition in ultracold mixtures of 23Na40K and 40K and monitor the loss of 23Na40K molecules. The association of triatomic molecules manifests itself as an additional loss feature in the radio-frequency spectra, which can be distinguished from the atomic loss feature. The observation that the distance between the association feature and the atomic transition changes with the magnetic field provides strong evidence for the formation of triatomic molecules. The binding energy of the triatomic molecules is estimated from the measurements. Our work contributes to the understanding of the complex ultracold atom-molecule Feshbach resonances and may open up an avenue towards the preparation and control of ultracold triatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yao Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Chao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Rui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chun-Li Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Chapurin R, Xie X, Van de Graaff MJ, Popowski JS, D'Incao JP, Julienne PS, Ye J, Cornell EA. Precision Test of the Limits to Universality in Few-Body Physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233402. [PMID: 31868479 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We perform precise studies of two- and three-body interactions near an intermediate-strength Feshbach resonance in ^{39}K at 33.5820(14) G. Precise measurement of dimer binding energies, spanning three orders of magnitude, enables the construction of a complete two-body coupled-channel model for determination of the scattering lengths with an unprecedented low uncertainty. Utilizing an accurate scattering length map, we measure the precise location of the Efimov ground state to test van der Waals universality. Precise control of the sample's temperature and density ensures that systematic effects on the Efimov trimer state are well understood. We measure the ground Efimov resonance location to be at -14.05(17) times the van der Waals length r_{vdW}, significantly deviating from the value of -9.7r_{vdW} predicted by van der Waals universality. We find that a refined multichannel three-body model, built on our measurement of two-body physics, can account for this difference and even successfully predict the Efimov inelasticity parameter η.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Chapurin
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Xin Xie
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Michael J Van de Graaff
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jared S Popowski
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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3
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Giannakeas P, Khaykovich L, Rost JM, Greene CH. Nonadiabatic Molecular Association in Thermal Gases Driven by Radio-Frequency Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:043204. [PMID: 31491264 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.043204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The molecular association process in a thermal gas of ^{85}Rb is investigated where the effects of the envelope of the radio-frequency field are taken into account. For experimentally relevant parameters our analysis shows that with increasing pulse length the corresponding molecular conversion efficiency exhibits low-frequency interference fringes which are robust under thermal averaging over a wide range of temperatures. This dynamical interference phenomenon is attributed to Stückelberg phase accumulation between the low-energy continuum states and the dressed molecular state which exhibits a shift proportional to the envelope of the radio-frequency pulse intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giannakeas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - L Khaykovich
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Jan-Michael Rost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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4
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Yudkin Y, Elbaz R, Giannakeas P, Greene CH, Khaykovich L. Coherent Superposition of Feshbach Dimers and Efimov Trimers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:200402. [PMID: 31172769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A powerful experimental technique to study Efimov physics at positive scattering lengths is demonstrated. We use the Feshbach dimers as a local reference for Efimov trimers by creating a coherent superposition of both states. Measurement of its coherent evolution provides information on the binding energy of the trimers with unprecedented precision and yields access to previously inaccessible parameters of the system such as the Efimov trimers' lifetime and the elastic processes between atoms and the constituents of the superposition state. We develop a comprehensive data analysis suitable for noisy experimental data that confirms the trustworthiness of our demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaakov Yudkin
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Roy Elbaz
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - P Giannakeas
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Lev Khaykovich
- Department of Physics, QUEST Center and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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5
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Klauss CE, Xie X, Lopez-Abadia C, D'Incao JP, Hadzibabic Z, Jin DS, Cornell EA. Observation of Efimov Molecules Created from a Resonantly Interacting Bose Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:143401. [PMID: 29053296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.143401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We convert a strongly interacting ultracold Bose gas into a mixture of atoms and molecules by sweeping the interactions from resonant to weak. By analyzing the decay dynamics of the molecular gas, we show that in addition to Feshbach dimers it contains Efimov trimers. Typically around 8% of the total atomic population is bound into trimers, identified by their density-independent lifetime of about 100 μs. The lifetime of the Feshbach dimers shows a density dependence due to inelastic atom-dimer collisions, in agreement with theoretical calculations. We also vary the density of the gas across a factor of 250 and investigate the corresponding atom loss rate at the interaction resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Klauss
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Xin Xie
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Carlos Lopez-Abadia
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Zoran Hadzibabic
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah S Jin
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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6
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Observing a scale anomaly and a universal quantum phase transition in graphene. Nat Commun 2017; 8:507. [PMID: 28894135 PMCID: PMC5593936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most interesting predictions resulting from quantum physics, is the violation of classical symmetries, collectively referred to as anomalies. A remarkable class of anomalies occurs when the continuous scale symmetry of a scale-free quantum system is broken into a discrete scale symmetry for a critical value of a control parameter. This is an example of a (zero temperature) quantum phase transition. Such an anomaly takes place for the quantum inverse square potential known to describe ‘Efimov physics’. Broken continuous scale symmetry into discrete scale symmetry also appears for a charged and massless Dirac fermion in an attractive 1/r Coulomb potential. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the universality of this quantum phase transition and to present convincing experimental evidence of its existence for a charged and massless fermion in an attractive Coulomb potential as realized in graphene. When the continuous scale symmetry of a quantum system is broken, anomalies occur which may lead to quantum phase transitions. Here, the authors provide evidence for such a quantum phase transition in the attractive Coulomb potential of vacancies in graphene, and further envision its universality for diverse physical systems.
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7
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Sun M, Zhai H, Cui X. Visualizing the Efimov Correlation in Bose Polarons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:013401. [PMID: 28731773 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Bose polaron is a quasiparticle of an impurity dressed by surrounding bosons. In few-body physics, it is known that two identical bosons and a third distinguishable particle can form a sequence of Efimov bound states in the vicinity of interspecies scattering resonance. On the other hand, in the Bose polaron system with an impurity atom embedded in many bosons, no signature of Efimov physics has been reported in the existing spectroscopy measurements to date. In this Letter, we propose that a large mass imbalance between a light impurity and heavy bosons can help produce visible signatures of Efimov physics in such a spectroscopy measurement. Using the diagrammatic approach in the virial expansion to include three-body effects from pair-wise interactions, we determine the impurity self-energy and its spectral function. Taking the ^{6}Li-^{133}Cs system as a concrete example, we find two visible Efimov branches in the polaron spectrum, as well as their hybridizations with the attractive polaron branch. We also discuss the general scenarios for observing the signature of Efimov physics in polaron systems. This work paves the way for experimentally exploring intriguing few-body correlations in a many-body system in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoling Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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8
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Naidon P, Endo S. Efimov physics: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:056001. [PMID: 28350544 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa50e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews theoretical and experimental advances in Efimov physics, an array of quantum few-body and many-body phenomena arising for particles interacting via short-range resonant interactions, that is based on the appearance of a scale-invariant three-body attraction theoretically discovered by Vitaly Efimov in 1970. This three-body effect was originally proposed to explain the binding of nuclei such as the triton and the Hoyle state of carbon-12, and later considered as a simple explanation for the existence of some halo nuclei. It was subsequently evidenced in trapped ultra-cold atomic clouds and in diffracted molecular beams of gaseous helium. These experiments revealed that the previously undetermined three-body parameter introduced in the Efimov theory to stabilise the three-body attraction typically scales with the range of atomic interactions. The few- and many-body consequences of the Efimov attraction have been since investigated theoretically, and are expected to be observed in a broader spectrum of physical systems.
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9
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Wacker LJ, Jørgensen NB, Birkmose D, Winter N, Mikkelsen M, Sherson J, Zinner N, Arlt JJ. Universal Three-Body Physics in Ultracold KRb Mixtures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:163201. [PMID: 27792375 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.163201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold atomic gases have recently become a driving force in few-body physics due to the observation of the Efimov effect. While initially observed in equal mass systems, one expects even richer few-body physics in the heteronuclear case. In previous experiments with ultracold mixtures of potassium and rubidium, an unexpected nonuniversal behavior of Efimov resonances was observed. In contrast, we measure the scattering length dependent three-body recombination coefficient in ultracold heteronuclear mixtures of ^{39}K-^{87}Rb and ^{41}K-^{87}Rb and do not observe any signatures of Efimov resonances for accessible scattering lengths in either mixture. Our results show good agreement with our theoretical model for the scattering dependent three-body recombination coefficient and reestablish universality across isotopic mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Wacker
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N B Jørgensen
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - D Birkmose
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N Winter
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Mikkelsen
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - J Sherson
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N Zinner
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J J Arlt
- Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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10
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Abstract
Abstract
The Efimov scenario is a universal three-body effect addressing many areas of modern quantum physics. It plays an important role in the transition between few- and many-body physics and has enabled important breakthroughs in the understanding of the universal few-body theory. We review the basic concepts of the Efimov scenario with specific emphasis on the similarities and differences between homonuclear and heteronuclear systems. In the latter scenario, the existence of a second, independently tunable interaction parameter enables novel few-body phenomena that are universal and have no counterexamples in the homonuclear case. We discuss recent experimental approaches using ultracold atomic gases with magnetically tunable interactions and elucidate the role of short-range interactions in the emergence of universal and non-universal behavior.
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11
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Kunitski M, Zeller S, Voigtsberger J, Kalinin A, Schmidt LPH, Schöffler M, Czasch A, Schöllkopf W, Grisenti RE, Jahnke T, Blume D, Dörner R. Observation of the Efimov state of the helium trimer. Science 2015; 348:551-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa5601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Voigtsberger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anton Kalinin
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lothar Ph. H. Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Achim Czasch
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert E. Grisenti
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Till Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dörte Blume
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2814, USA
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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Nishida Y. Polaronic atom-trimer continuity in three-component Fermi gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:115302. [PMID: 25839286 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.115302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently it has been proposed that three-component Fermi gases may exhibit a new type of crossover physics in which an unpaired Fermi sea of atoms smoothly evolves into that of trimers in addition to the ordinary BCS-BEC crossover of condensed pairs. Here we study its corresponding polaron problem in which a single impurity atom of one component interacts with condensed pairs of the other two components with equal populations. By developing a variational approach in the vicinity of a narrow Feshbach resonance, we show that the impurity atom smoothly changes its character from atom to trimer with increasing the attraction and eventually there is a sharp transition to dimer. The emergent polaronic atom-trimer continuity can be probed in ultracold atoms experiments by measuring the impurity spectral function. Our novel crossover wave function properly incorporating the polaronic atom-trimer continuity will provide a useful basis to further investigate the phase diagram of three-component Fermi gases in more general situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishida
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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13
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Naidon P, Endo S, Ueda M. Microscopic origin and universality classes of the Efimov three-body parameter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:105301. [PMID: 24679303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The low-energy spectrum of three particles interacting via nearly resonant two-body interactions in the Efimov regime is set by the so-called three-body parameter. We show that the three-body parameter is essentially determined by the zero-energy two-body correlation. As a result, we identify two classes of two-body interactions for which the three-body parameter has a universal value in units of their effective range. One class involves the universality of the three-body parameter recently found in ultracold atom systems. The other is relevant to short-range interactions that can be found in nuclear physics and solid-state physics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shimpei Endo
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongō, Bunkyō-ku, Tōkyō 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahito Ueda
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongō, Bunkyō-ku, Tōkyō 113-0033, Japan
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14
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Roy S, Landini M, Trenkwalder A, Semeghini G, Spagnolli G, Simoni A, Fattori M, Inguscio M, Modugno G. Test of the universality of the three-body Efimov parameter at narrow Feshbach resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:053202. [PMID: 23952396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.053202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We measure the critical scattering length for the appearance of the first three-body bound state, or Efimov three-body parameter, at seven different Feshbach resonances in ultracold ^{39}K atoms. We study both intermediate and narrow resonances, where the three-body spectrum is expected to be determined by the nonuniversal coupling of two scattering channels. Instead, our observed ratio of the three-body parameter with the van der Waals radius is approximately the same universal ratio as for broader resonances. This unexpected observation suggests the presence of a new regime for three-body scattering at narrow resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Roy
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá di Firenze, and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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15
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Pricoupenko L. Many bosons in a narrow magnetic Feshbach resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:180402. [PMID: 23683180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.180402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The many-boson problem in the presence of an asymptotically narrow Feshbach resonance is considered. The low energy properties are investigated using a two-channel Hamiltonian. The energy spectrum of this model is shown to be bounded from below in the limit of a zero range interaction. This implies the promising possibility of achieving a strongly interacting bosonic phase in a dilute regime where the details of the actual interatomic forces are irrelevant. The integral relation between the energy and the one-body momentum distribution is derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Pricoupenko
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, Université Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
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16
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Nishida Y. New type of crossover physics in three-component Fermi gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:240401. [PMID: 23368290 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.240401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A three-component Fermi gas near a broad Feshbach resonance does not have a universal ground state due to the Thomas collapse, while it does near a narrow Feshbach resonance. We explore its universal phase diagram in the plane of the inverse scattering length 1/ak(F) and the resonance range R(*)k(F). For a large R(*)k(F), there exists a Lifshitz transition between superfluids with and without an unpaired Fermi surface as a function of 1/ak(F). With decreasing R(*)k(F), the Fermi surface coexisting with the superfluid can change smoothly from that of atoms to trimers ("atom-trimer continuity"), corresponding to the quark-hadron continuity in a dense nuclear matter. Eventually, there appears a finite window in 1/ak(F) where the superfluid is completely depleted by the trimer Fermi gas, which gives rise to a pair of quantum critical points. The boundaries of these three quantum phases are determined in regions where controlled analyses are possible and are also evaluated based on a mean-field plus trimer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishida
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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17
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Safavi-Naini A, von Stecher J, Capogrosso-Sansone B, Rittenhouse ST. First-order phase transitions in optical lattices with tunable three-body onsite interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:135302. [PMID: 23030100 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.135302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study the two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model in the presence of a three-body interaction term, both at a mean-field level and via quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The three-body term is tuned by coupling the triply occupied states to a trapped universal trimer. We find that, for a sufficiently attractive three-body interaction, the n=2 Mott lobe disappears and the system displays first-order phase transitions separating the n=1 from the n=3 lobes and the n=1 and n=3 Mott insulator from the superfluid. We also analyze the effect of finite temperature and find that transitions are still of first order at temperatures T~J, where J is the hopping matrix element.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Safavi-Naini
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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18
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Ulmanis J, Deiglmayr J, Repp M, Wester R, Weidemüller M. Ultracold Molecules Formed by Photoassociation: Heteronuclear Dimers, Inelastic Collisions, and Interactions with Ultrashort Laser Pulses. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4890-927. [PMID: 22931226 DOI: 10.1021/cr300215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juris Ulmanis
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg
12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Deiglmayr
- Laboratorium für Physikalische
Chemie, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse
10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Repp
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg
12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Wester
- Institut für Ionenphysik
und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25/3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg
12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Tan S. Universal bound states of two particles in mixed dimensions or near a mirror. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:020401. [PMID: 23030131 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Some novel two-body effects analogous to the well-known three-body Efimov effect are predicted. In the systems considered, particle A is constrained on a truncated or bent one-dimensional line or two-dimensional plane, or on one side of a flat mirror in three dimensions (3D). The constraining potential is fine-tuned such that particle A's ground state wave function is a constant in the region in which it is constrained. Particle B moves in 3D and interacts with particle A, resonantly. An infinite sequence of giant two-body bound states are found in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shina Tan
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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20
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Wang J, D'Incao JP, Esry BD, Greene CH. Origin of the three-body parameter universality in Efimov physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:263001. [PMID: 23004972 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years extensive theoretical and experimental studies of universal few-body physics have advanced our understanding of universal Efimov physics. Whereas theory had been the driving force behind our understanding of Efimov physics for decades, recent experiments have contributed an unexpected discovery. Specifically, measurements have found that the so-called three-body parameter determining several properties of the system is universal, even though fundamental assumptions in the theory of the Efimov effect suggest that it should be a variable property that depends on the precise details of the short-range two- and three-body interactions. The present Letter resolves this apparent contradiction by elucidating previously unanticipated implications of the two-body interactions. Our study shows that the three-body parameter universality emerges because a universal effective barrier in the three-body potentials prevents the three particles from simultaneously getting close together. Our results also show limitations on this universality, as it is more likely to occur for neutral atoms but less likely to extend to light nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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21
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Machtey O, Shotan Z, Gross N, Khaykovich L. Association of Efimov trimers from a three-atom continuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:210406. [PMID: 23003226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.210406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We develop an experimental technique for rf association of Efimov trimers from a three-atom continuum. We apply it to probe the lowest accessible Efimov energy level in bosonic lithium in the region where strong deviations from the universal behavior are expected, and provide a quantitative study of this effect. The position of the Efimov resonance at the atom-dimer threshold, measured using a different experimental technique, concurs with the rf association results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Machtey
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel
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22
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Machtey O, Kessler DA, Khaykovich L. Universal dimer in a collisionally opaque medium: experimental observables and Efimov resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:130403. [PMID: 22540683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A universal dimer is subject to secondary collisions with atoms when formed in a cloud of ultracold atoms via three-body recombination. We show that in a collisionally opaque medium, the value of the scattering length that results in the maximum number of secondary collisions may not correspond to the Efimov resonance at the atom-dimer threshold and thus cannot be automatically associated with it. This result explains a number of controversies in recent experimental results on universal three-body states and supports the emerging evidence for the significant finite range corrections to the first excited Efimov energy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Machtey
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel
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23
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Hadizadeh MR, Yamashita MT, Tomio L, Delfino A, Frederico T. Scaling properties of universal tetramers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:135304. [PMID: 22026870 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.135304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We evidence the existence of a universal correlation between the binding energies of successive four-boson bound states (tetramers), for large two-body scattering lengths (a), related to an additional scale not constrained by three-body Efimov physics. Relevant to ultracold atom experiments, the atom-trimer relaxation peaks for |a|→∞ when the ratio between the tetramer and trimer energies is ≃4.6 and a new tetramer is formed. The new scale is also revealed for a < 0 by the prediction of a correlation between the positions of two successive peaks in the four-atom recombination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hadizadeh
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Berninger M, Zenesini A, Huang B, Harm W, Nägerl HC, Ferlaino F, Grimm R, Julienne PS, Hutson JM. Universality of the three-body parameter for Efimov states in ultracold cesium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:120401. [PMID: 22026757 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of triatomic Efimov resonances in an ultracold gas of cesium atoms. Exploiting the wide tunability of interactions resulting from three broad Feshbach resonances in the same spin channel, we measure magnetic-field dependent three-body recombination loss. The positions of the loss resonances yield corresponding values for the three-body parameter, which in universal few-body physics is required to describe three-body phenomena and, in particular, to fix the spectrum of Efimov states. Our observations show a robust universal behavior with a three-body parameter that stays essentially constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berninger
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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