1
|
Bai XJ, Yan YH, Lei HY, Sun FZ, Wang TZ, Zhu CQ, Tan JH, Hu G, Li YF, Ma JL, Liao GQ, Zhang Z, Hu HS, Li YT. Two-dimensional monitoring of a laser-solid x-ray source spot via penumbral coded aperture imaging technique. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:043104. [PMID: 35489950 DOI: 10.1063/5.0082555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The uncertainties of spot size and position need to be clarified for x-ray sources as they can affect the detecting precision of the x-ray probe beam in applications such as radiography. In particular, for laser-driven x-ray sources, they would be more significant as they influence the inevitable fluctuation of the driving laser pulses. Here, we have employed the penumberal coded aperture imaging technique to diagnose the two-dimensional spatial distribution of an x-ray emission source spot generated from a Cu solid target irradiated by an intense laser pulse. Taking advantage of the high detection efficiency and high spatial resolution of this technique, the x-ray source spot is characterized with a relative error of ∼5% in the full width at half maximum of the intensity profile in a single-shot mode for general laser parameters, which makes it possible to reveal the information of the unfixed spot size and position precisely. Our results show the necessity and feasibility of monitoring the spot of these novel laser-driven x-ray sources via the penumbral coded aperture imaging technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jie Bai
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yi-Hong Yan
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hong-Yi Lei
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fang-Zheng Sun
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tian-Ze Wang
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhu
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun-Hao Tan
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guang Hu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yan-Fei Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jing-Long Ma
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guo-Qian Liao
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua-Si Hu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stillman CR, Nilson PM, Sefkow AB, Ivancic ST, Mileham C, Begishev IA, Froula DH. Energy transfer dynamics in strongly inhomogeneous hot-dense-matter systems. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:063208. [PMID: 30011604 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.063208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Direct measurements of energy transfer across steep density and temperature gradients in a hot-dense-matter system are presented. Hot-dense-plasma conditions were generated by high-intensity laser irradiation of a thin-foil target containing a buried metal layer. Energy transfer to the layer was measured using picosecond time-resolved x-ray emission spectroscopy. The data show two x-ray flashes in time. Fully explicit, coupled particle-in-cell and collisional-radiative atomic kinetics model predictions reproduce these observations, connecting the two x-ray flashes with staged radial energy transfer within the target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R Stillman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A B Sefkow
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S T Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Mileham
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I A Begishev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fernández JC, Cort Gautier D, Huang C, Palaniyappan S, Albright BJ, Bang W, Dyer G, Favalli A, Hunter JF, Mendez J, Roth M, Swinhoe M, Bradley PA, Deppert O, Espy M, Falk K, Guler N, Hamilton C, Hegelich BM, Henzlova D, Ianakiev KD, Iliev M, Johnson RP, Kleinschmidt A, Losko AS, McCary E, Mocko M, Nelson RO, Roycroft R, Santiago Cordoba MA, Schanz VA, Schaumann G, Schmidt DW, Sefkow A, Shimada T, Taddeucci TN, Tebartz A, Vogel SC, Vold E, Wurden GA, Yin L. Laser-plasmas in the relativistic-transparency regime: Science and applications. PHYSICS OF PLASMAS 2017; 24:056702. [PMID: 28652684 PMCID: PMC5449275 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Laser-plasma interactions in the novel regime of relativistically induced transparency (RIT) have been harnessed to generate intense ion beams efficiently with average energies exceeding 10 MeV/nucleon (>100 MeV for protons) at "table-top" scales in experiments at the LANL Trident Laser. By further optimization of the laser and target, the RIT regime has been extended into a self-organized plasma mode. This mode yields an ion beam with much narrower energy spread while maintaining high ion energy and conversion efficiency. This mode involves self-generation of persistent high magnetic fields (∼104 T, according to particle-in-cell simulations of the experiments) at the rear-side of the plasma. These magnetic fields trap the laser-heated multi-MeV electrons, which generate a high localized electrostatic field (∼0.1 T V/m). After the laser exits the plasma, this electric field acts on a highly structured ion-beam distribution in phase space to reduce the energy spread, thus separating acceleration and energy-spread reduction. Thus, ion beams with narrow energy peaks at up to 18 MeV/nucleon are generated reproducibly with high efficiency (≈5%). The experimental demonstration has been done with 0.12 PW, high-contrast, 0.6 ps Gaussian 1.053 μm laser pulses irradiating planar foils up to 250 nm thick at 2-8 × 1020 W/cm2. These ion beams with co-propagating electrons have been used on Trident for uniform volumetric isochoric heating to generate and study warm-dense matter at high densities. These beam plasmas have been directed also at a thick Ta disk to generate a directed, intense point-like Bremsstrahlung source of photons peaked at ∼2 MeV and used it for point projection radiography of thick high density objects. In addition, prior work on the intense neutron beam driven by an intense deuterium beam generated in the RIT regime has been extended. Neutron spectral control by means of a flexible converter-disk design has been demonstrated, and the neutron beam has been used for point-projection imaging of thick objects. The plans and prospects for further improvements and applications are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Fernández
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Cort Gautier
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Chengkung Huang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Brian J Albright
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Gilliss Dyer
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Andrea Favalli
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - James F Hunter
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jacob Mendez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Markus Roth
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martyn Swinhoe
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Paul A Bradley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Oliver Deppert
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michelle Espy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Katerina Falk
- Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - Christopher Hamilton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Daniela Henzlova
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Kiril D Ianakiev
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Metodi Iliev
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Randall P Johnson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Annika Kleinschmidt
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Adrian S Losko
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Edward McCary
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Michal Mocko
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Ronald O Nelson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Rebecca Roycroft
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - Victor A Schanz
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gabriel Schaumann
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Derek W Schmidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Tsutomu Shimada
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Terry N Taddeucci
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Alexandra Tebartz
- Institute for Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sven C Vogel
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Erik Vold
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Glen A Wurden
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Lin Yin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bargsten C, Hollinger R, Capeluto MG, Kaymak V, Pukhov A, Wang S, Rockwood A, Wang Y, Keiss D, Tommasini R, London R, Park J, Busquet M, Klapisch M, Shlyaptsev VN, Rocca JJ. Energy penetration into arrays of aligned nanowires irradiated with relativistic intensities: Scaling to terabar pressures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601558. [PMID: 28097218 PMCID: PMC5226645 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-energy density (UHED) matter, characterized by energy densities >1 × 108 J cm-3 and pressures greater than a gigabar, is encountered in the center of stars and inertial confinement fusion capsules driven by the world's largest lasers. Similar conditions can be obtained with compact, ultrahigh contrast, femtosecond lasers focused to relativistic intensities onto targets composed of aligned nanowire arrays. We report the measurement of the key physical process in determining the energy density deposited in high-aspect-ratio nanowire array plasmas: the energy penetration. By monitoring the x-ray emission from buried Co tracer segments in Ni nanowire arrays irradiated at an intensity of 4 × 1019 W cm-2, we demonstrate energy penetration depths of several micrometers, leading to UHED plasmas of that size. Relativistic three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, validated by these measurements, predict that irradiation of nanostructures at intensities of >1 × 1022 W cm-2 will lead to a virtually unexplored extreme UHED plasma regime characterized by energy densities in excess of 8 × 1010 J cm-3, equivalent to a pressure of 0.35 Tbar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Bargsten
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Reed Hollinger
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Vural Kaymak
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Pukhov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Shoujun Wang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alex Rockwood
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - David Keiss
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Richard London
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Jaebum Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | | | | | - Vyacheslav N. Shlyaptsev
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jorge J. Rocca
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| |
Collapse
|