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Tamtögl A, Sacchi M, Schwab V, Koza MM, Fouquet P. Molecular motion of a nanoscopic moonlander via translations and rotations of triphenylphosphine on graphite. Commun Chem 2024; 7:78. [PMID: 38582953 PMCID: PMC10998885 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mass transport at surfaces determines the kinetics of processes such as heterogeneous catalysis and thin-film growth, with the diffusivity being controlled by excitation across a translational barrier. Here, we use neutron spectroscopy to follow the nanoscopic motion of triphenylphosphine (P(C6H5)3 or PPh3) adsorbed on exfoliated graphite. Together with force-field molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the motion is similar to that of a molecular motor, i.e. PPh3 rolls over the surface with an almost negligible activation energy for rotations and motion of the phenyl groups and a comparably small activation energy for translation. While rotations and intramolecular motion dominate up to about 300 K, the molecules follow an additional translational jump-motion across the surface from 350-500 K. The unique behaviour of PPh3 is due to its three-point binding with the surface: Along with van der Waals corrected density functional theory calculations, we illustrate that the adsorption energy of PPh3 increases considerably compared to molecules with flat adsorption geometry, yet the effective diffusion barrier for translational motion increases only slightly. We rationalise these results in terms of molecular symmetry, structure and contact angle, illustrating that the molecular degrees of freedom in larger molecules are intimately connected with the diffusivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tamtögl
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
| | - Marco Sacchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, UK
| | - Victoria Schwab
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael M Koza
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Peter Fouquet
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Holst B, Alexandrowicz G, Avidor N, Benedek G, Bracco G, Ernst WE, Farías D, Jardine AP, Lefmann K, Manson JR, Marquardt R, Artés SM, Sibener SJ, Wells JW, Tamtögl A, Allison W. Material properties particularly suited to be measured with helium scattering: selected examples from 2D materials, van der Waals heterostructures, glassy materials, catalytic substrates, topological insulators and superconducting radio frequency materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7653-7672. [PMID: 33625410 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05833e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Helium Atom Scattering (HAS) and Helium Spin-Echo scattering (HeSE), together helium scattering, are well established, but non-commercial surface science techniques. They are characterised by the beam inertness and very low beam energy (<0.1 eV) which allows essentially all materials and adsorbates, including fragile and/or insulating materials and light adsorbates such as hydrogen to be investigated on the atomic scale. At present there only exist an estimated less than 15 helium and helium spin-echo scattering instruments in total, spread across the world. This means that up till now the techniques have not been readily available for a broad scientific community. Efforts are ongoing to change this by establishing a central helium scattering facility, possibly in connection with a neutron or synchrotron facility. In this context it is important to clarify what information can be obtained from helium scattering that cannot be obtained with other surface science techniques. Here we present a non-exclusive overview of a range of material properties particularly suited to be measured with helium scattering: (i) high precision, direct measurements of bending rigidity and substrate coupling strength of a range of 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures as a function of temperature, (ii) direct measurements of the electron-phonon coupling constant λ exclusively in the low energy range (<0.1 eV, tuneable) for 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures (iii) direct measurements of the surface boson peak in glassy materials, (iv) aspects of polymer chain surface dynamics under nano-confinement (v) certain aspects of nanoscale surface topography, (vi) central properties of surface dynamics and surface diffusion of adsorbates (HeSE) and (vii) two specific science case examples - topological insulators and superconducting radio frequency materials, illustrating how combined HAS and HeSE are necessary to understand the properties of quantum materials. The paper finishes with (viii) examples of molecular surface scattering experiments and other atom surface scattering experiments which can be performed using HAS and HeSE instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Holst
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allegaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
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Malyszko J, Lopatowska P, Mlodawska E, Musialowska D, Malyszko JS, Tomaszuk-Kazberuk A. Atrial fibrillation in kidney transplant recipients: is there a place for the novel drugs? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:1304-1309. [PMID: 28992319 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia of high clinical importance, occurring in 2% of the general population and in 19-24% in patients with chronic kidney disease. It is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Kidney transplant recipients with a history of AF were associated with significantly higher rate of ischaemic strokes, graft failure and post-transplant mortality. AF occurs in over 7% of kidney transplant recipients in the first 3 years after transplantation and is associated with reduced graft and patient survival. The incidence of stroke in patients after kidney transplantation (KTx) is higher than the general population, but markedly lower than those on dialysis. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy is recommended in AF patients at high risk of stroke. There are no randomized studies assessing OAC in patients after KTx and there are no specific recommendations and guidelines on therapeutic strategies in these patients. KTx recipients are a vulnerable population, exposed to variations in renal function, being at higher risk of bleeding and thrombotic complications, with possible interactions with immunosuppression. Surely, there is a place for novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in this group of patients as long as the summary of product characteristics is followed, as they are a valuable anticoagulation therapy. On one hand, they are at least as effective as warfarin; on the other hand NOACs are safer, especially when it comes to intracranial haemorrhages. However, NOACs seem to be underused in this population as they are excreted via kidney, may interact with immunosuppressive therapy and physicians need more experience and confidence in their administration. Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion procedure may also be considered as an opportunity for this group of patients, in particular in the presence of contraindications to anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Malyszko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Dominika Musialowska
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek S Malyszko
- 1st Department of Nephrology and Transplantology with Dialysis Unit, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
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Townsend PSM, Ellis J. Amplitude of jump motion signatures in classical vibration-jump dynamics. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:194705. [PMID: 30466275 DOI: 10.1063/1.5053123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical Langevin dynamics of a particle in a periodic potential energy landscape are studied via the intermediate scattering function (ISF). By construction, the particle performs coupled vibrational and activated jump motion with a wide separation of the vibrational period and the mean residence time between jumps. The long time limit of the ISF is a decaying tail proportional to the function that describes ideal jump motion in the absence of vibrations. The amplitude of the tail is unity in idealized jump dynamics models but is reduced from unity by the intra-well motion. Analytical estimates of the amplitude of the jump motion signature are provided by assuming a factorization of the conditional probability density of the particle position at long times, motivated by the separation of time scales associated with inter-cell and intra-cell motion. The assumption leads to a factorization of the ISF at long correlation times, where one factor is an ideal jump motion signature and the other component is the amplitude of the signature. The amplitude takes the form of a single-particle anharmonic Debye-Waller factor. The factorization approximation is exact at the diffraction conditions associated with the periodic potential. Numerical simulations of the Langevin equation in one and two spatial dimensions confirm that for a strongly corrugated potential the analytical approximation provides a good qualitative description of the trend in the jump signature amplitude, between the points where the factorization is exact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S M Townsend
- Cavendish Laboratory, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - John Ellis
- Cavendish Laboratory, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Delville M, Sabbah L, Girard D, Elie C, Manceau S, Piketty M, Martinez F, Méjean A, Legendre C, Sberro-Soussan R. Prevalence and predictors of early cardiovascular events after kidney transplantation: evaluation of pre-transplant cardiovascular work-up. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131237. [PMID: 26107641 PMCID: PMC4481263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality after renal transplantation. The purpose of this study was to analyze cardiovascular risk factors at transplantation, occurrence of cardiovascular events in the first year after transplantation and evaluate pre-transplant work-up. MATERIAL AND METHOD In total, 244 renal transplant recipients older than 50 years were included. The results of pre-transplant work-up, including clinical evaluation, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, myocardial perfusion testing and coronary angiography were analyzed. RESULTS Patients had multiple risk factors at inclusion on renal transplantation waiting list as high blood pressure (94.7%), dyslipidemia (81.1%), smoking (45.3%), diabetes (23.6%), past history of cardiovascular disease (21.3%) and obesity (12.7%). Following transplantation, 15.5% (n = 38) of patients experienced a cardiovascular event, including 2.8% (n = 7) acute coronary syndrome, 5.8% (n = 14) isolated increase in troponin level and 5.3% (n = 13) new onset atrial fibrillation. The pre-transplant parameters associated with a cardiovascular event were a past medical history of cardiovascular disease (HR = 2.06 [1.06-4.03], p = 0.03), echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (HR = 2.04 [1.04-3.98], p = 0.037) and abnormal myocardial perfusion testing (HR = 2.25 [1.09 -5.96], p = 0.03). Pre-transplantation evaluation allowed the diagnosis of unknown coronary artery lesions in 8.9% of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Delville
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, RTRS « Centaure », Labex « Transplantex », Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Laurent Sabbah
- Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, RTRS « Centaure », Labex « Transplantex », Paris, France
| | - Delphine Girard
- Department of Biostatistics, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, RTRS « Centaure », Labex « Transplantex », Paris, France
| | - Caroline Elie
- Department of Biostatistics, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, RTRS « Centaure », Labex « Transplantex », Paris, France
| | - Sandra Manceau
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, RTRS « Centaure », Labex « Transplantex », Paris, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Marie Piketty
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, RTRS « Centaure », Labex « Transplantex », Paris, France
- Department of Functional Explorations, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Frank Martinez
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, RTRS « Centaure », Labex « Transplantex », Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Méjean
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, RTRS « Centaure », Labex « Transplantex », Paris, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, RTRS « Centaure », Labex « Transplantex », Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Sberro-Soussan
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Hôpital Necker Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, RTRS « Centaure », Labex « Transplantex », Paris, France
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Fan XL, Xiao P, Ran RX, Lau WM. Self-assembled monolayers of CH3S from the adsorption of CH3SSCH3 on Au(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:2533-41. [PMID: 24382397 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54315c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
By performing density functional theory calculations, we have examined the adsorption of dimethyl disulfide (CH3SSCH3) on Au(111). In addition, we have also charted the reaction paths leading to dissociation of the S-S bond and the formation of thiolate-adatom species. Further, we have simulated the scanning tunneling microscopic (STM) images of the key adsorption intermediates and products and compared them with the experimental data available in the literature. In summary, our computations show that CH3SSCH3 adsorbs on Au(111) non-dissociatively with a moderate adsorption energy 0.42 eV for the trans-conformation which is 0.24 eV more stable than its cis-isomer. When the adsorbed trans-CH3SSCH3 dissociates at low temperature, the two CH3S fragments are retained by the closest neighboring sites and the trans-conformation of them prior to S-S dissociation can be preserved. The activation barrier to rotating the CH3S fragments on Au(111) is 0.17 eV so a moderate temperature rise can facilitate the transformation of the trans-conformation and generate a mixture of the trans- and cis-conformation. Our calculations also show that intrinsic defects such as gold adatoms (Auad) are active in CH3SSCH3 dissociation in two mechanisms: a direct mechanism in which CH3SSCH3 dissociation drives Auad formation and CH3S-Auad formation simultaneously, with leftover vacancies as by-products; a sequential mechanism in which Auad is present in advance and subsequently interacts with a nearby CH3S fragment to form CH3S-Auad. The respective activation barriers are 0.15 and 0.32 eV for the trans- and cis-CH3S-Auad-SCH3 complex along the direct mechanism, and 0.21 and 0.18 eV along the sequential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouYi Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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Lechner BAJ, Sacchi M, Jardine AP, Hedgeland H, Allison W, Ellis J, Jenkins SJ, Dastoor PC, Hinch BJ. Jumping, Rotating, and Flapping: The Atomic-Scale Motion of Thiophene on Cu(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1953-1958. [PMID: 26283133 DOI: 10.1021/jz400639c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers of sulfur-containing heterocycles and linear oligomers containing thiophene groups have been widely employed in organic electronic applications. Here, we investigate the dynamics of isolated thiophene molecules on Cu(111) by combining helium spin-echo (HeSE) spectroscopy with density functional theory calculations. We show that the thiophene/Cu(111) system displays a rich array of aperiodic dynamical phenomena that include jump diffusion between adjacent atop sites over a 59-62 meV barrier and activated rotation around a sulfur-copper anchor, two processes that have been observed previously for related systems. In addition, we present experimental evidence for a new, weakly activated process, the flapping of the molecular ring. Repulsive inter-adsorbate interactions and an exceptionally high friction coefficient of 5 ± 2 ps(-1) are also observed. These experiments demonstrate the versatility of the HeSE technique, and the quantitative information extracted in a detailed analysis provides an ideal benchmark for state-of-the-art theoretical techniques including nonlocal adsorbate-substrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A J Lechner
- †Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Sacchi
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Jardine
- †Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Hedgeland
- †Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - William Allison
- †Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - John Ellis
- †Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Dastoor
- §Centre for Organic Electronics, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - B J Hinch
- ∥Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Lechner BAJ, de Wijn AS, Hedgeland H, Jardine AP, Hinch BJ, Allison W, Ellis J. Atomic scale friction of molecular adsorbates during diffusion. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:194710. [PMID: 23697433 DOI: 10.1063/1.4804269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B A J Lechner
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
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Lechner BAJ, Hedgeland H, Ellis J, Allison W, Sacchi M, Jenkins SJ, Hinch BJ. Quantum influences in the diffusive motion of pyrrole on Cu(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5085-8. [PMID: 23532966 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A J Lechner
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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Lechner BAJ, Hedgeland H, Ellis J, Allison W, Sacchi M, Jenkins SJ, Hinch BJ. Quantum Influences in the Diffusive Motion of Pyrrole on Cu(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lechner BAJ, Hedgeland H, Allison W, Ellis J, Jardine AP. Note: a new design for a low-temperature high-intensity helium beam source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:026105. [PMID: 23464267 DOI: 10.1063/1.4791929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A high-intensity supersonic beam source is a key component of any atom scattering instrument, affecting the sensitivity and energy resolution of the experiment. We present a new design for a source which can operate at temperatures as low as 11.8 K, corresponding to a beam energy of 2.5 meV. The new source improves the resolution of the Cambridge helium spin-echo spectrometer by a factor of 5.5, thus extending the accessible timescales into the nanosecond range. We describe the design of the new source and discuss experiments characterizing its performance. Spin-echo measurements of benzene/Cu(100) illustrate its merit in the study of a typical slow-moving molecular adsorbate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A J Lechner
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
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Kole PR, Hedgeland H, Jardine AP, Allison W, Ellis J, Alexandrowicz G. Probing the non-pairwise interactions between CO molecules moving on a Cu(111) surface. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:104016. [PMID: 22353494 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/10/104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The coverage dependent dynamics of CO on a Cu(111) surface are studied on an atomic scale using helium spin-echo spectroscopy. CO molecules occupy top sites preferentially, but also visit intermediate bridge sites in their motion along the reaction coordinate. We observe an increase in hopping rate as the CO coverage grows; however, the motion remains uncorrelated up to at least 0.10 monolayers (ML). From the temperature dependence of the diffusion rate, we find an effective barrier of 98 ± 5 meV for diffusion. Thermal motion is modelled with Langevin molecular dynamics, using a potential energy surface having adsorption sites at top and bridge positions and the experimental data are well represented by an adiabatic barrier for hopping of 123 meV. The sites are not degenerate and the rate changes observed with coverage are modelled successfully by changing the shape of the adiabatic potential energy surface in the region of the transition state without modifying the energy barrier. The results demonstrate that sufficient detail exists in the experimental data to provide information on the principal adsorption sites as well as the energy landscape in the region of the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepijn R Kole
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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