1
|
Liu QH, Tan Y, Cheng CF, Hu SM. Precision spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27914-27925. [PMID: 37843424 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03042c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurements on the hydrogen molecule are of fundamental importance in understanding molecular theory. Comparison of accurate experimental data and theoretical results are used to test the quantum electrodynamics theory and determine physical constants used in the calculation. We review recent advances and perspectives in the precision spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen, representing state-of-the-art molecular spectroscopy methods and cutting-edge high-precision calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hao Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Cun-Feng Cheng
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Shui-Ming Hu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brookes SGH, Hutson JM. Interaction Potential for NaCs for Ultracold Scattering and Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3987-4001. [PMID: 35715220 PMCID: PMC9251775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We obtain the interaction potential for NaCs by fitting to experiments on ultracold scattering and spectroscopy in optical tweezers. The central region of the potential has been accurately determined from Fourier transform spectroscopy at higher temperatures, so we focus on adjusting the long-range and short-range parts. We use coupled-channel calculations of binding energies and wave functions to understand the nature of the molecular states observed in ultracold spectroscopy and of the state that causes the Feshbach resonance used to create ultracold NaCs molecules. We elucidate the relationships between the experimental quantities and features of the interaction potential. We establish the combinations of experimental quantities that determine particular features of the potential. We find that the long-range dispersion coefficient C6 must be increased by about 0.9% to 3256(1)Eha06 to fit the experimental results. We use coupled-channel calculations on the final potential to predict bound-state energies and resonance positions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G H Brookes
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pachucki K, Komasa J. Nonrelativistic energy of tritium-containing hydrogen molecule isotopologues. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Komasa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lai KF, Salumbides EJ, Beyer M, Ubachs W. Precision measurement of quasi-bound resonances in H2 and the H + H scattering length. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.2018063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K.-F. Lai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. J. Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Beyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W. Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lai KF, Salumbides EJ, Ubachs W, Beyer M. Shape Resonances in H_{2} as Photolysis Reaction Intermediates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:183001. [PMID: 34767422 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.183001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shape resonances in H_{2}, produced as reaction intermediates in the photolysis of H_{2}S precursor molecules, are measured in a half-collision approach. Before disintegrating into two ground state H atoms, the reaction is quenched by two-photon Doppler-free excitation to the F electronically excited state of H_{2}. For J=13, 15, 17, 19, and 21, resonances with lifetimes in the range of nano- to milliseconds were observed with an accuracy of 30 MHz (1.4 mK). The experimental resonance positions are found to be in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions when nonadiabatic and quantum electrodynamical corrections are included. This is the first time such effects are observed in collisions between neutral atoms. From the potential energy curve of the H_{2} molecule, now tested at high accuracy over a wide range of internuclear separations, the s-wave scattering length for singlet H(1s)+H(1s) scattering is determined at a=0.2735_{31}^{39} a_{0}.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K-F Lai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E J Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Beyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Blackmore JA, Gregory PD, Bromley SL, Cornish SL. Coherent manipulation of the internal state of ultracold 87Rb 133Cs molecules with multiple microwave fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27529-27538. [PMID: 33079114 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04651e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We explore coherent multi-photon processes in 87Rb133Cs molecules using 3-level lambda and ladder configurations of rotational and hyperfine states, and discuss their relevance to future applications in quantum computation and quantum simulation. In the lambda configuration, we demonstrate the driving of population between two hyperfine levels of the rotational ground state via a two-photon Raman transition. Such pairs of states may be used in the future as a quantum memory, and we measure a Ramsey coherence time for a superposition of these states of 58(9) ms. In the ladder configuration, we show that we can generate and coherently populate microwave dressed states via the observation of an Autler-Townes doublet. We demonstrate that we can control the strength of this dressing by varying the intensity of the microwave coupling field. Finally, we perform spectroscopy of the rotational states of 87Rb133Cs up to N = 6, highlighting the potential of ultracold molecules for quantum simulation in synthetic dimensions. By fitting the measured transition frequencies we determine a new value of the centrifugal distortion coefficient Dv = h × 207.3(2) Hz.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Blackmore
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hua TP, Sun YR, Hu SM. Dispersion-like lineshape observed in cavity-enhanced saturation spectroscopy of HD at 1.4 µm. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4863-4866. [PMID: 32870877 DOI: 10.1364/ol.401879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurement of ro-vibrational transitions in the electronic ground state of the hydrogen molecule can be used to test quantum electrodynamics and also to determine the dimensionless proton-to-electron mass ratio. Saturation spectroscopy of the 2-0 overtone transitions of hydrogen deuterium (HD) were measured with three cavity-enhanced spectroscopy methods. With a sensitivity at the 10-13cm-1 level, we revealed a dispersion-like lineshape instead of a conventional Lamb "dip," which explains the significant discrepancy among previous independent measurements. The spectra can be fit well by using the Fano profile. Centers of R(1) and R(3) lines were determined as 217 105 182 111 (19)stat(240)syskHz and 220 704 305 234 (20)stat(240)syskHz, respectively.
Collapse
|
8
|
Trivikram TM, Salumbides EJ, Jungen C, Ubachs W. Excitation of H 2 at large internuclear separation: outer well states and continuum resonances. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1599457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Trivikram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. J. Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ch. Jungen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - W. Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cygan A, Wcisło P, Wójtewicz S, Kowzan G, Zaborowski M, Charczun D, Bielska K, Trawiński RS, Ciuryło R, Masłowski P, Lisak D. High-accuracy and wide dynamic range frequency-based dispersion spectroscopy in an optical cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:21810-21821. [PMID: 31510251 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.021810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A spectroscopic method free from systematic errors is desired for many challenging applications of gas detection. Although existing cavity-enhanced techniques exhibit very high precision, their accuracy strongly depends on propagation of the light amplitude through an optical system and its detection. Here, we demonstrate that the frequency-based molecular dispersion spectroscopy, involving sub-Hz-level precision in frequency measurements of optical cavity resonances, leads to sub-per-mille accuracy and a wide dynamic range, both previously unattainable by any other spectroscopic technique. The method offers great sensitivity of 5×10-11 cm-1, high speed, limited only by the fundamental response time of the cavity, and traceability of both axes of the spectrum to the primary frequency standard. All these features are necessary for convenient realization of comprehensive molecular spectroscopy from Doppler up to collisional regime without changing the spectroscopic method and modification of the experimental setup. Moreover, the presented approach does not require linear, high-bandwidth nor phase-sensitive detectors and can be directly implemented in existing cavity-enhanced spectrometers utilizing either continuous-wave or coherent broadband radiation. We experimentally prove the predominance of frequency-based spectroscopy over intensity-based one. Our results motivate replacement of intensity-based absorption spectroscopy with a pure frequency-based dispersion one in applications where the highest accuracy is required.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hua TP, Sun YR, Wang J, Liu AW, Hu SM. Frequency metrology of molecules in the near-infrared by NICE-OHMS. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:6106-6115. [PMID: 30876204 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Noise-immune cavity enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS) is extremely sensitive in detecting weak absorption. However, the use of NICE-OHMS for metrology study was also hindered by its sensitivity to influence from various experimental conditions such as the residual amplitude modulation. Here we demonstrate to use NICE-OHMS for precision measurements of Lamb-dip spectra of molecules. After a dedicated investigation of the systematic uncertainties in the NICE-OHMS measurement, the transition frequency of a ro-vibrational line of C2H2 near 789 nm was determined to be 379 639 280 915.3±1.2 kHz (fractional uncertainty 3.2 × 10-12), agreeing well with, but more accurate than, the value determined from previous cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements. The study indicates the possibility to implement the very sensitive NICE-OHMS method for frequency metrology of molecules, or a molecular clock, in the near-infrared.
Collapse
|
11
|
Jansen P, Semeria L, Merkt F. Fundamental vibration frequency and rotational structure of the first excited vibrational level of the molecular helium ion ( He 2 + ). J Chem Phys 2018; 149:154302. [PMID: 30342452 DOI: 10.1063/1.5051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The term values of the rotational levels of the first excited vibrational state of the electronic ground state of He 2 + with a rotational quantum number N + ≤ 13 have been determined with an accuracy of 1.2 × 10-3 cm-1 (∼35 MHz) by multichannel-quantum-defect-theory-assisted Rydberg spectroscopy of metastable He2. Comparison of the experimental term values with the most accurate ab initio results for He 2 + available in the literature [W.-C. Tung, M. Pavanello, and L. Adamowicz, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 104309 (2012)] reveals inconsistencies between the theoretical and experimental results that increase with increasing rotational quantum numbers. The fundamental vibrational wavenumber of He 2 + was determined to be 1628.3832(12) cm-1 by fitting effective molecular constants to the obtained term values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jansen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Semeria
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Merkt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tao LG, Liu AW, Pachucki K, Komasa J, Sun YR, Wang J, Hu SM. Toward a Determination of the Proton-Electron Mass Ratio from the Lamb-Dip Measurement of HD. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:153001. [PMID: 29756862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.153001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Precision spectroscopy of the hydrogen molecule is a test ground of quantum electrodynamics (QED), and it may serve for the determination of fundamental constants. Using a comb-locked cavity ring-down spectrometer, for the first time, we observed the Lamb-dip spectrum of the R(1) line in the overtone of hydrogen deuteride (HD). The line position was determined to be 217 105 182.79±0.03_{stat}±0.08_{syst} MHz (δν/ν=4×10^{-10}), which is the most accurate rovibrational transition ever measured in the ground electronic state of molecular hydrogen. Moreover, from calculations including QED effects up to the order m_{e}α^{6}, we obtained predictions for this R(1) line as well as for the HD dissociation energy, which are less accurate but signaling the importance of the complete treatment of nonadiabatic effects. Provided that the theoretical calculation reaches the same accuracy, the present measurement will lead to a determination of the proton-to-electron mass ratio with a precision of 1.3 parts per billion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L-G Tao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - A-W Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - K Pachucki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Komasa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Y R Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - J Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - S-M Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lim J, Almond JR, Trigatzis MA, Devlin JA, Fitch NJ, Sauer BE, Tarbutt MR, Hinds EA. Laser Cooled YbF Molecules for Measuring the Electron's Electric Dipole Moment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:123201. [PMID: 29694100 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate one-dimensional sub-Doppler laser cooling of a beam of YbF molecules to 100 μK. This is a key step towards a measurement of the electron's electric dipole moment using ultracold molecules. We compare the effectiveness of magnetically assisted and polarization-gradient sub-Doppler cooling mechanisms. We model the experiment and find good agreement with our data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lim
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J R Almond
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M A Trigatzis
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J A Devlin
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N J Fitch
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - B E Sauer
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M R Tarbutt
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - E A Hinds
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Altmann RK, Dreissen LS, Salumbides EJ, Ubachs W, Eikema KSE. Deep-Ultraviolet Frequency Metrology of H_{2} for Tests of Molecular Quantum Theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:043204. [PMID: 29437464 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.043204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen and its isotopic and ionic species are benchmark systems for testing quantum chemical theory. Advances in molecular energy structure calculations enable the experimental verification of quantum electrodynamics and potentially a determination of the proton charge radius from H_{2} spectroscopy. We measure the ground state energy in ortho-H_{2} relative to the first electronically excited state by Ramsey-comb laser spectroscopy on the EF^{1}Σ_{g}^{+}-X^{1}Σ_{g}^{+}(0,0) Q1 transition. The resulting transition frequency of 2 971 234 992 965(73) kHz is 2 orders of magnitude more accurate than previous measurements. This paves the way for a considerably improved determination of the dissociation energy (D_{0}) for fundamental tests with molecular hydrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Altmann
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L S Dreissen
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E J Salumbides
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W Ubachs
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K S E Eikema
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Insero G, Borri S, Calonico D, Pastor PC, Clivati C, D'Ambrosio D, De Natale P, Inguscio M, Levi F, Santambrogio G. Measuring molecular frequencies in the 1-10 μm range at 11-digits accuracy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12780. [PMID: 28986590 PMCID: PMC5630624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution spectroscopy in the 1-10 μm region has never been fully tackled for the lack of widely-tunable and practical light sources. Indeed, all solutions proposed thus far suffer from at least one of three issues: they are feasible only in a narrow spectral range; the power available for spectroscopy is limited; the frequency accuracy is poor. Here, we present a setup for high-resolution spectroscopy, whose approach can be applied in the whole 1-10 μm range. It combines the power of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and the accuracy achievable by difference frequency generation using an orientation patterned GaP crystal. The frequency is measured against a primary frequency standard using the Italian metrological fibre link network. We demonstrate the performance of the setup by measuring a vibrational transition in a highly-excited metastable state of CO around 6 μm with 11 digits of precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Insero
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-CNR & Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze & European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Firenze, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - S Borri
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-CNR & Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze & European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Firenze, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - D Calonico
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - P Cancio Pastor
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-CNR & Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze & European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Clivati
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - D D'Ambrosio
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-CNR & Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze & European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P De Natale
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-CNR & Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze & European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Firenze, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Inguscio
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-CNR & Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze & European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F Levi
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - G Santambrogio
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-CNR & Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze & European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. .,INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Firenze, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Trivikram TM, Niu ML, Wcisło P, Ubachs W, Salumbides EJ. Precision measurements and test of molecular theory in highly excited vibrational states of H 2 ( v = 11). APPLIED PHYSICS. B, LASERS AND OPTICS 2016; 122:294. [PMID: 32336882 PMCID: PMC7154793 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-016-6570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate E F 1 Σ g + - X 1 Σ g + transition energies in molecular hydrogen were determined for transitions originating from levels with highly excited vibrational quantum number, v = 11, in the ground electronic state. Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy was applied on vibrationally excited H 2 ∗ , produced via the photodissociation of H2S, yielding transition frequencies with accuracies of 45 MHz or 0.0015 cm-1. An important improvement is the enhanced detection efficiency by resonant excitation to autoionizing 7 p π electronic Rydberg states, resulting in narrow transitions due to reduced ac-Stark effects. Using known EF level energies, the level energies of X(v = 11, J = 1, 3-5) states are derived with accuracies of typically 0.002 cm-1. These experimental values are in excellent agreement with and are more accurate than the results obtained from the most advanced ab initio molecular theory calculations including relativistic and QED contributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Madhu Trivikram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. L. Niu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Wcisło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - W. Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. J. Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics, University of San Carlos, 6000 Cebu City, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Semeria L, Jansen P, Merkt F. Precision measurement of the rotational energy-level structure of the three-electron molecule He 2. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:204301. [PMID: 27908106 DOI: 10.1063/1.4967256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The term values of all rotational levels of the 4He2+ X+ 2Σu+ (ν+=0) ground vibronic state with rotational quantum number N+ ≤ 19 have been determined with an accuracy of 8 × 10-4 cm-1 (∼25 MHz) by multichannel-quantum-defect-theory-assisted Rydberg spectroscopy of metastable He2∗. Comparison of these term values with term values recently calculated ab initio by Tung et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 136, 104309 (2012)] reveals discrepancies that rapidly increase with increasing rotational quantum number and reach values of 0.07 cm-1 (∼2.1 GHz) at N+ = 19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Semeria
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Jansen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Merkt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Niu ML, Salumbides EJ, Ubachs W. Communication: Test of quantum chemistry in vibrationally hot hydrogen molecules. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:081102. [PMID: 26328810 DOI: 10.1063/1.4929568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision measurements are performed on highly excited vibrational quantum states of molecular hydrogen. The v = 12, J = 0 - 3 rovibrational levels of H2 (X(1)Σg (+)), lying only 2000 cm(-1) below the first dissociation limit, were populated by photodissociation of H2S and their level energies were accurately determined by two-photon Doppler-free spectroscopy. A comparison between the experimental results on v = 12 level energies with the best ab initio calculations shows a good agreement, where the present experimental accuracy of 3.5 × 10(-3) cm(-1) is more precise than theory, hence providing a gateway to further test theoretical advances in this benchmark quantum system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Niu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pachucki K, Komasa J. Leading order nonadiabatic corrections to rovibrational levels of H2, D2, and T2. J Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4927079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Pachucki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Komasa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pachucki K, Komasa J. Accurate adiabatic correction in the hydrogen molecule. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:224103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4902981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Pachucki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Komasa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bagdonaite J, Salumbides EJ, Preval SP, Barstow MA, Barrow JD, Murphy MT, Ubachs W. Limits on a gravitational field dependence of the proton-electron mass ratio from H2 in white dwarf stars. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:123002. [PMID: 25279624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spectra of molecular hydrogen (H2) are employed to search for a possible proton-to-electron mass ratio (μ) dependence on gravity. The Lyman transitions of H2, observed with the Hubble Space Telescope towards white dwarf stars that underwent a gravitational collapse, are compared to accurate laboratory spectra taking into account the high temperature conditions (T∼13 000 K) of their photospheres. We derive sensitivity coefficients Ki which define how the individual H2 transitions shift due to μ dependence. The spectrum of white dwarf star GD133 yields a Δμ/μ constraint of (-2.7±4.7stat±0.2syst)×10(-5) for a local environment of a gravitational potential ϕ∼10(4) ϕEarth, while that of G29-38 yields Δμ/μ=(-5.8±3.8stat±0.3syst)×10(-5) for a potential of 2×10(4) ϕEarth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Bagdonaite
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E J Salumbides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands and Department of Physics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - S P Preval
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LEI 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M A Barstow
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LEI 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J D Barrow
- DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - M T Murphy
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - W Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sprecher D, Liu J, Krähenmann T, Schäfer M, Merkt F. High-resolution spectroscopy and quantum-defect model for the gerade triplet np and nf Rydberg states of He2. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:064304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4864002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
23
|
Dickenson GD, Niu ML, Salumbides EJ, Komasa J, Eikema KSE, Pachucki K, Ubachs W. Fundamental vibration of molecular hydrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:193601. [PMID: 23705705 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.193601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental ground tone vibration of H(2), HD, and D(2) is determined to an accuracy of 2×10(-4) cm(-1) from Doppler-free laser spectroscopy in the collisionless environment of a molecular beam. This rotationless vibrational splitting is derived from the combination difference between electronic excitation from the X(1)Σ(g)(+), v=0, and v=1 levels to a common EF(1)Σ(g)(+), v=0 level. Agreement within 1σ between the experimental result and a full ab initio calculation provides a stringent test of quantum electrodynamics in a chemically bound system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G D Dickenson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, VU University, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Morgenweg J, Eikema KSE. Multi-delay, phase coherent pulse pair generation for precision Ramsey-frequency comb spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:5275-5286. [PMID: 23482099 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.005275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of phase-stable mJ-pulse pairs at programmable inter-pulse delays up to hundreds of nanoseconds. A detailed investigation of potential sources for phase shifts during the parametric amplification of the selected pulses from a Ti:Sapphire frequency comb is presented, both numerically and experimentally. It is shown that within the statistical error of the phase measurement of 10 mrad, there is no dependence of the differential phase shift over the investigated inter-pulse delay range of more than 300 ns. In combination with nonlinear upconversion of the amplified pulses, the presented system will potentially enable short wavelength (<100 nm), multi-transition Ramsey-frequency comb spectroscopy at the kHz-level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Morgenweg
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen HC, Hsiao CY, Ting WJ, Lin ST, Shy JT. Saturation spectroscopy of CO2 and frequency stabilization of an optical parametric oscillator at 2.77 μm. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:2409-2411. [PMID: 22739924 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.002409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the frequency stabilization of a CW single-frequency, singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to the saturation absorption center of the (12)C(16)O2[10°1,02°1](II)>←00°0 P(14) line at 2.77 μm. The CO2 molecules were excited by the OPO idler wave, and the absorption signal was monitored through the fluorescence at 4.3 μm using a gold-coated longitudinal cell. The idler frequency was stabilized onto the line center by wavelength modulation method. The linewidth of the saturation dip was estimated to be 4.7 MHz, and the achieved frequency stability was 3.9 kHz (3.6×10(-11)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Chen Chen
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Campargue A, Kassi S, Pachucki K, Komasa J. The absorption spectrum of H2: CRDS measurements of the (2-0) band, review of the literature data and accurate ab initio line list up to 35 000 cm−1. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:802-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22912e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
27
|
Komasa J, Piszczatowski K, Łach G, Przybytek M, Jeziorski B, Pachucki K. Quantum Electrodynamics Effects in Rovibrational Spectra of Molecular Hydrogen. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:3105-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ct200438t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Komasa
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Łach
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Przybytek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogumił Jeziorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pachucki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|