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Abstract
Single crystalline magnetite Fe 3 O 4 was investigated at low temperatures in the charge ordered state by electric measurements and time-resolved diffraction with voltage applied in-situ. Dielectric spectroscopy indicates relaxor ferroelectric characteristics, with polarization switching observably only at sufficiently low temperatures and in a suitably chosen time-window. PUND measurements with a ms time scale indicate a switchable polarization of about 0 . 6 μ C / cm 2 . Significant switching occurs only above a threshold field of about 3 kV / mm , and it occurs with a time delay of about 20 μ s . The time-resolved diffraction experiment yields, for sufficiently high voltage pulses, a systematic variation by about 0 . 1 % of the intensity of the ( 2 , 2 ¯ , 10 ¯ ) Bragg reflection, which is attributed to structural switching of domains of the non-centrosymmetric C c structure to its inversion twins, providing proof of intrinsic ferroelectricity in charge ordered magnetite.
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Song C, You Y, Chen X, Zhou X, Wang Y, Pan F. How to manipulate magnetic states of antiferromagnets. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:112001. [PMID: 29337295 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiferromagnetic materials, which have drawn considerable attention recently, have fascinating features: they are robust against perturbation, produce no stray fields, and exhibit ultrafast dynamics. Discerning how to efficiently manipulate the magnetic state of an antiferromagnet is key to the development of antiferromagnetic spintronics. In this review, we introduce four main methods (magnetic, strain, electrical, and optical) to mediate the magnetic states and elaborate on intrinsic origins of different antiferromagnetic materials. Magnetic control includes a strong magnetic field, exchange bias, and field cooling, which are traditional and basic. Strain control involves the magnetic anisotropy effect or metamagnetic transition. Electrical control can be divided into two parts, electric field and electric current, both of which are convenient for practical applications. Optical control includes thermal and electronic excitation, an inertia-driven mechanism, and terahertz laser control, with the potential for ultrafast antiferromagnetic manipulation. This review sheds light on effective usage of antiferromagnets and provides a new perspective on antiferromagnetic spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China. Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Martins HP, Mossanek RJO, Martí X, Sánchez F, Fontcuberta J, Abbate M. Mn 3d bands and Y-O hybridization of hexagonal and orthorhombic YMnO 3 thin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:295501. [PMID: 28561012 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa75e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report here the O K-edge x-ray absorption spectra of hexagonal and orthorhombic YMnO3 thin films, aiming at comparing the changes in the Mn 3d bands as well as the role of Y 4d-O 2p hybridization. The experimental results were analyzed using first principles (GGA) band structure calculations. The spectra present clear differences in the Mn 3d bands, which are attributed to changes in the Mn-O coordination and symmetry. A strong Y 4d-O 2p hybridization is observed in both the hexagonal and orthorhombic films, and its possible role on the occurrence of the observed ferroelectricity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Martins
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19044, 81531-990 Curitiba PR, Brazil
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Fina I, Quintana A, Padilla-Pantoja J, Martí X, Macià F, Sánchez F, Foerster M, Aballe L, Fontcuberta J, Sort J. Electric-Field-Adjustable Time-Dependent Magnetoelectric Response in Martensitic FeRh Alloy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:15577-15582. [PMID: 28429588 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Steady or dynamic magnetoelectric response, selectable and adjustable by only varying the amplitude of the applied electric field, is found in a multiferroic FeRh/PMN-PT device. In-operando time-dependent structural, ferroelectric, and magnetoelectric characterizations provide evidence that, as in magnetic shape memory martensitic alloys, the observed distinctive magnetoelectric responses are related to the time-dependent relative abundance of antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phases in FeRh, unbalanced by voltage-controlled strain. This flexible magnetoelectric response can be exploited not only for energy-efficient memory operations but also in other applications, where multilevel and/or transient responses are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Fina
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Quintana
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Padilla-Pantoja
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Martí
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ferran Macià
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florencio Sánchez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Foerster
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility , Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Aballe
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility , Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Fontcuberta
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Pg. Lluís Companys 23, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Matsubara M, Manz S, Mochizuki M, Kubacka T, Iyama A, Aliouane N, Kimura T, Johnson SL, Meier D, Fiebig M. Magnetoelectric domain control in multiferroic TbMnO
3. Science 2015; 348:1112-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1260561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Matsubara
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sebastian Manz
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masahito Mochizuki
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Teresa Kubacka
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ayato Iyama
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Nadir Aliouane
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Steven L. Johnson
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Meier
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Fiebig
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Radaelli G, Petti D, Plekhanov E, Fina I, Torelli P, Salles BR, Cantoni M, Rinaldi C, Gutiérrez D, Panaccione G, Varela M, Picozzi S, Fontcuberta J, Bertacco R. Electric control of magnetism at the Fe/BaTiO₃ interface. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3404. [PMID: 24584546 PMCID: PMC3942656 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfacial magnetoelectric coupling is a viable path to achieve electrical writing of magnetic information in spintronic devices. For the prototypical Fe/BaTiO3 system, only tiny changes of the interfacial Fe magnetic moment upon reversal of the BaTiO3 dielectric polarization have been predicted so far. Here, by using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism in combination with high resolution electron microscopy and first principles calculations, we report on an undisclosed physical mechanism for interfacial magnetoelectric coupling in the Fe/BaTiO3 system. At this interface, an ultrathin oxidized iron layer exists, whose magnetization can be electrically and reversibly switched on-off at room-temperature by reversing the BaTiO3 polarization. The suppression / recovery of interfacial ferromagnetism results from the asymmetric effect that ionic displacements in BaTiO3 produces on the exchange coupling constants in the interfacial oxidized Fe layer. The observed giant magnetoelectric response holds potential for optimizing interfacial magnetoelectric coupling in view of efficient, low-power spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Radaelli
- LNESS-Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - D Petti
- LNESS-Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - E Plekhanov
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR-SPIN, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - I Fina
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P Torelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR - IOM, Laboratorio TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - B R Salles
- 1] Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR - IOM, Laboratorio TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy [2] Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Cantoni
- LNESS-Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - C Rinaldi
- LNESS-Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - D Gutiérrez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - G Panaccione
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR - IOM, Laboratorio TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Varela
- 1] Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA [2] Departamento Fisica Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Picozzi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR-SPIN, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J Fontcuberta
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Bertacco
- LNESS-Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
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Lu C, Dong S, Xia Z, Luo H, Yan Z, Wang H, Tian Z, Yuan S, Wu T, Liu J. Polarization enhancement and ferroelectric switching enabled by interacting magnetic structures in DyMnO₃ thin films. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3374. [PMID: 24291803 PMCID: PMC3844969 DOI: 10.1038/srep03374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutual controls of ferroelectricity and magnetism are stepping towards practical applications proposed for quite a few promising devices in which multiferroic thin films are involved. Although ferroelectricity stemming from specific spiral spin ordering has been reported in highly distorted bulk perovskite manganites, the existence of magnetically induced ferroelectricity in the corresponding thin films remains an unresolved issue, which unfortunately halts this step. In this work, we report magnetically induced electric polarization and its remarkable response to magnetic field (an enhancement of ~800% upon a field of 2 Tesla at 2 K) in DyMnO₃ thin films grown on Nb-SrTiO₃ substrates. Accompanying with the large polarization enhancement, the ferroelectric coercivity corresponding to the magnetic chirality switching field is significantly increased. A picture based on coupled multicomponent magnetic structures is proposed to understand these features. Moreover, different magnetic anisotropy related to strain-suppressed GdFeO₃-type distortion and Jahn-Teller effect is identified in the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Lu
- School of Physics & Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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White JS, Bator M, Hu Y, Luetkens H, Stahn J, Capelli S, Das S, Döbeli M, Lippert T, Malik VK, Martynczuk J, Wokaun A, Kenzelmann M, Niedermayer C, Schneider CW. Strain-induced ferromagnetism in antiferromagnetic LuMnO3 thin films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:037201. [PMID: 23909354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.037201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Single phase and strained LuMnO(3) thin films are discovered to display coexisting ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orders. A large moment ferromagnetism (≈1μ(B)), which is absent in bulk samples, is shown to display a magnetic moment distribution that is peaked at the highly strained substrate-film interface. We further show that the strain-induced ferromagnetism and the antiferromagnetic order are coupled via an exchange field, therefore demonstrating strained rare-earth manganite thin films as promising candidate systems for new multifunctional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S White
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Tian YF, Ding JF, Lin WN, Chen ZH, David A, He M, Hu WJ, Chen L, Wu T. Anomalous exchange bias at collinear/noncollinear spin interface. Sci Rep 2013. [PMCID: PMC3549540 DOI: 10.1038/srep01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the interfacial magnetic coupling in manganite bilayers of collinear ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and noncollinear multiferroic TbMnO3. Exchange bias is observed at the Néel temperature of TbMnO3 (~41 K) due to the onset of long-range antiferromagnetic ordering in the Mn spin sublattice. Interestingly, an anomalous plateau of exchange bias emerges at the ordering temperature of Tb spins (~10 K), and we ascribe this unique feature to the strong coupling between Tb and Mn spin sublattices in TbMnO3, which in turn influences the magnetic coupling across the interface. On the other hand, the enhancement of coercivity in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/TbMnO3 shows monotonous temperature dependence. Our results illustrate a strong interfacial magnetic interaction at the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/TbMnO3 interface, highlighting the roles of competing spin orders, magnetic frustration, and coupling between multiple spin sublattices in artificial collinear/noncollinear spin heterostructures.
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