1
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von der Leyen MW, Holloway J, Ma Y, Campbell PT, Aboushelbaya R, Qian Q, Antoine AF, Balcazar M, Cardarelli J, Feng Q, Fitzgarrald R, Hou BX, Kalinchenko G, Latham J, Maksimchuk AM, McKelvey A, Nees J, Ouatu I, Paddock RW, Spiers B, Thomas AGR, Timmis R, Krushelnick K, Norreys PA. Observation of Monoenergetic Electrons from Two-Pulse Ionization Injection in Quasilinear Laser Wakefields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:105002. [PMID: 36962018 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The generation of low emittance electron beams from laser-driven wakefields is crucial for the development of compact x-ray sources. Here, we show new results for the injection and acceleration of quasimonoenergetic electron beams in low amplitude wakefields experimentally and using simulations. This is achieved by using two laser pulses decoupling the wakefield generation from the electron trapping via ionization injection. The injection duration, which affects the beam charge and energy spread, is found to be tunable by adjusting the relative pulse delay. By changing the polarization of the injector pulse, reducing the ionization volume, the electron spectra of the accelerated electron bunches are improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W von der Leyen
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Holloway
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Y Ma
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P T Campbell
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R Aboushelbaya
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Q Qian
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A F Antoine
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Balcazar
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Cardarelli
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Q Feng
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R Fitzgarrald
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - B X Hou
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Kalinchenko
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Latham
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A M Maksimchuk
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A McKelvey
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Nees
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - I Ouatu
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R W Paddock
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B Spiers
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A G R Thomas
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R Timmis
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - K Krushelnick
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P A Norreys
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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2
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Habib AF, Manahan GG, Scherkl P, Heinemann T, Sutherland A, Altuiri R, Alotaibi BM, Litos M, Cary J, Raubenheimer T, Hemsing E, Hogan MJ, Rosenzweig JB, Williams PH, McNeil BWJ, Hidding B. Attosecond-Angstrom free-electron-laser towards the cold beam limit. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1054. [PMID: 36828817 PMCID: PMC9958197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron beam quality is paramount for X-ray pulse production in free-electron-lasers (FELs). State-of-the-art linear accelerators (linacs) can deliver multi-GeV electron beams with sufficient quality for hard X-ray-FELs, albeit requiring km-scale setups, whereas plasma-based accelerators can produce multi-GeV electron beams on metre-scale distances, and begin to reach beam qualities sufficient for EUV FELs. Here we show, that electron beams from plasma photocathodes many orders of magnitude brighter than state-of-the-art can be generated in plasma wakefield accelerators (PWFAs), and then extracted, captured, transported and injected into undulators without significant quality loss. These ultrabright, sub-femtosecond electron beams can drive hard X-FELs near the cold beam limit to generate coherent X-ray pulses of attosecond-Angstrom class, reaching saturation after only 10 metres of undulator. This plasma-X-FEL opens pathways for advanced photon science capabilities, such as unperturbed observation of electronic motion inside atoms at their natural time and length scale, and towards higher photon energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Habib
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - G. G. Manahan
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - P. Scherkl
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK ,grid.9026.d0000 0001 2287 2617University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Heinemann
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - A. Sutherland
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - R. Altuiri
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.449346.80000 0004 0501 7602Physics Department, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - B. M. Alotaibi
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.449346.80000 0004 0501 7602Physics Department, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Litos
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. Cary
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA ,grid.448325.c0000 0004 0556 1325Tech-X Corporation, Boulder, USA
| | - T. Raubenheimer
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - E. Hemsing
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - M. J. Hogan
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - J. B. Rosenzweig
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - P. H. Williams
- grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK ,grid.482271.a0000 0001 0727 2226ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, UK
| | - B. W. J. McNeil
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - B. Hidding
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK ,grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute for Laser and Plasma Physics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Reichwein L, Pukhov A, Golovanov A, Kostyukov IY. Positron acceleration via laser-augmented blowouts in two-column plasma structures. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:055207. [PMID: 35706251 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.055207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose a setup for positron acceleration consisting of an electron driver and a laser pulse creating a twofold plasma column structure. The resulting wakefield is capable of accelerating positron bunches over long distances even when the evolution of the driver is considered. The scheme is studied by means of particle-in-cell simulations. Further, the analytical expression for the accelerating and focusing fields are obtained, showing the equilibrium lines along which the witness bunch is accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Reichwein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Pukhov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anton Golovanov
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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4
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Li F, Dalichaouch TN, Pierce JR, Xu X, Tsung FS, Lu W, Joshi C, Mori WB. Ultrabright Electron Bunch Injection in a Plasma Wakefield Driven by a Superluminal Flying Focus Electron Beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:174803. [PMID: 35570446 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.174803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new method for self-injection of high-quality electron bunches in the plasma wakefield structure in the blowout regime utilizing a "flying focus" produced by a drive beam with an energy chirp. In a flying focus the speed of the density centroid of the drive bunch can be superluminal or subluminal by utilizing the chromatic dependence of the focusing optics. We first derive the focal velocity and the characteristic length of the focal spot in terms of the focal length and an energy chirp. We then demonstrate using multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations that a wake driven by a superluminally propagating flying focus of an electron beam can generate GeV-level electron bunches with ultralow normalized slice emittance (∼30 nm rad), high current (∼17 kA), low slice energy spread (∼0.1%), and therefore high normalized brightness (>10^{19} A/m^{2}/rad^{2}) in a plasma of density ∼10^{19} cm^{-3}. The injection process is highly controllable and tunable by changing the focal velocity and shaping the drive beam current. Near-term experiments at FACET II where the capabilities to generate tens of kA, <10 fs drivers are planned, could potentially produce beams with brightness near 10^{20} A/m^{2}/rad^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T N Dalichaouch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J R Pierce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - X Xu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F S Tsung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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5
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Khudiakov V, Pukhov A. Optimized laser-assisted electron injection into a quasilinear plasma wakefield. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:035201. [PMID: 35428075 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.035201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an electron injection scheme for plasma wakefield acceleration. The method is based on a recently proposed technique of fast electron generation via laser-solid interaction: a femtosecond laser pulse with the energy of tens of mJ hitting a dense plasma target at 45^{∘} angle expels a well collimated bunch of electrons and accelerates these close to the specular direction up to several MeVs. We study trapping of these fast electrons by a quasilinear wakefield excited by an external beam driver in a surrounding low density plasma. This configuration can be relevant to the AWAKE experiment at CERN. We vary different injection parameters: the phase and angle of injection, the laser pulse energy. An approximate trapping condition is derived for a linear axisymmetric wake. It is used to optimize the trapped charge and is verified by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is shown that a quasilinear plasma wave with the accelerating field ∼ 2.5 GV/m can trap electron bunches with ∼ 100 pC charge, ∼60μm transverse normalized emittance and accelerate them to energies of several GeV with the spread ≲ 1% after 10 m..
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Affiliation(s)
- V Khudiakov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Pukhov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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6
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Demonstration of a compact plasma accelerator powered by laser-accelerated electron beams. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2895. [PMID: 34001874 PMCID: PMC8129089 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma wakefield accelerators are capable of sustaining gigavolt-per-centimeter accelerating fields, surpassing the electric breakdown threshold in state-of-the-art accelerator modules by 3-4 orders of magnitude. Beam-driven wakefields offer particularly attractive conditions for the generation and acceleration of high-quality beams. However, this scheme relies on kilometer-scale accelerators. Here, we report on the demonstration of a millimeter-scale plasma accelerator powered by laser-accelerated electron beams. We showcase the acceleration of electron beams to 128 MeV, consistent with simulations exhibiting accelerating gradients exceeding 100 GV m−1. This miniaturized accelerator is further explored by employing a controlled pair of drive and witness electron bunches, where a fraction of the driver energy is transferred to the accelerated witness through the plasma. Such a hybrid approach allows fundamental studies of beam-driven plasma accelerator concepts at widely accessible high-power laser facilities. It is anticipated to provide compact sources of energetic high-brightness electron beams for quality-demanding applications such as free-electron lasers. Particle accelerators based on laser- or electron-driven plasma waves promise compact sources for relativistic electron bunches. Here, Kurz and Heinemann et al. demonstrate a hybrid two-stage configuration, combining the individual features of both accelerating schemes.
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7
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Nie Z, Li F, Morales F, Patchkovskii S, Smirnova O, An W, Nambu N, Matteo D, Marsh KA, Tsung F, Mori WB, Joshi C. In Situ Generation of High-Energy Spin-Polarized Electrons in a Beam-Driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:054801. [PMID: 33605740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.054801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ generation of a high-energy, high-current, spin-polarized electron beam is an outstanding scientific challenge to the development of plasma-based accelerators for high-energy colliders. In this Letter, we show how such a spin-polarized relativistic beam can be produced by ionization injection of electrons of certain atoms with a circularly polarized laser field into a beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator, providing a much desired one-step solution to this challenge. Using time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) simulations, we show the propensity rule of spin-dependent ionization of xenon atoms can be reversed in the strong-field multiphoton regime compared with the non-adiabatic tunneling regime, leading to high total spin polarization. Furthermore, three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are incorporated with TDSE simulations, providing start-to-end simulations of spin-dependent strong-field ionization of xenon atoms and subsequent trapping, acceleration, and preservation of electron spin polarization in lithium plasma. We show the generation of a high-current (0.8 kA), ultralow-normalized-emittance (∼37 nm), and high-energy (2.7 GeV) electron beam within just 11 cm distance, with up to ∼31% net spin polarization. Higher current, energy, and net spin-polarization beams are possible by optimizing this concept, thus solving a long-standing problem facing the development of plasma accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Nie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Felipe Morales
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Olga Smirnova
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiming An
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Noa Nambu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Matteo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Kenneth A Marsh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Frank Tsung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Warren B Mori
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Chan Joshi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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8
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Nie Z, Pai CH, Zhang J, Ning X, Hua J, He Y, Wu Y, Su Q, Liu S, Ma Y, Cheng Z, Lu W, Chu HH, Wang J, Zhang C, Mori WB, Joshi C. Photon deceleration in plasma wakes generates single-cycle relativistic tunable infrared pulses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2787. [PMID: 32493931 PMCID: PMC7271200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Availability of relativistically intense, single-cycle, tunable infrared sources will open up new areas of relativistic nonlinear optics of plasmas, impulse IR spectroscopy and pump-probe experiments in the molecular fingerprint region. However, generation of such pulses is still a challenge by current methods. Recently, it has been proposed that time dependent refractive index associated with laser-produced nonlinear wakes in a suitably designed plasma density structure rapidly frequency down-converts photons. The longest wavelength photons slip backwards relative to the evolving laser pulse to form a single-cycle pulse within the nearly evacuated wake cavity. This process is called photon deceleration. Here, we demonstrate this scheme for generating high-power (~100 GW), near single-cycle, wavelength tunable (3–20 µm), infrared pulses using an 810 nm drive laser by tuning the density profile of the plasma. We also demonstrate that these pulses can be used to in-situ probe the transient and nonlinear wakes themselves. Plasma can act as strong nonlinear refractive index medium that can be exploited to downshift the frequency of a laser pulse. Here, the authors show the generation of single-cycle tunable infrared pulses using strong density gradients associated with laser-produced wakes in plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Pai
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaonan Ning
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianfei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yunxiao He
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yipeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qianqian Su
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hsu-Hsin Chu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan.,Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jyhpyng Wang
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan. .,Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, 32001, Taiwan. .,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Chaojie Zhang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Warren B Mori
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chan Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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9
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Ma Y, Seipt D, Hussein AE, Hakimi S, Beier NF, Hansen SB, Hinojosa J, Maksimchuk A, Nees J, Krushelnick K, Thomas AGR, Dollar F. Polarization-Dependent Self-Injection by Above Threshold Ionization Heating in a Laser Wakefield Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:114801. [PMID: 32242688 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental observation of a decreased self-injection threshold by using laser pulses with circular polarization in laser wakefield acceleration experiments in a nonpreformed plasma, compared to the usually employed linear polarization. A significantly higher electron beam charge was also observed for circular polarization compared to linear polarization over a wide range of parameters. Theoretical analysis and quasi-3D particle-in-cell simulations reveal that the self-injection and hence the laser wakefield acceleration is polarization dependent and indicate a different injection mechanism for circularly polarized laser pulses, originating from larger momentum gain by electrons during above threshold ionization. This enables electrons to meet the trapping condition more easily, and the resulting higher plasma temperature was confirmed via spectroscopy of the XUV plasma emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - D Seipt
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A E Hussein
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - S Hakimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - N F Beier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S B Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - J Hinojosa
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Maksimchuk
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Nees
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - K Krushelnick
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A G R Thomas
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - F Dollar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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10
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Wu Y, Ji L, Geng X, Yu Q, Wang N, Feng B, Guo Z, Wang W, Qin C, Yan X, Zhang L, Thomas J, Hützen A, Pukhov A, Büscher M, Shen B, Li R. Polarized electron acceleration in beam-driven plasma wakefield based on density down-ramp injection. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:043202. [PMID: 31770946 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.043202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the precession of electron spins during beam-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration based on density down-ramp injection by means of full three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. A relativistic electron beam generated via, e.g., laser wakefield acceleration, serves as the driving source. It traverses the prepolarized gas target and accelerates polarized electrons via the excited wakefield. We derive the criteria for the driving beam parameters and the limitation on the injected beam flux to preserve a high degree of polarization for the accelerated electrons, which are confirmed by our 3D PIC simulations and single-particle modeling. The electron-beam driver is free of the prepulse issue associated with a laser driver, thus eliminating possible depolarization of the prepolarized gas due to ionization by the prepulse. These results provide guidance for future experiments towards generating a source of polarized electrons based on wakefield acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xuesong Geng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Nengwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Bo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chengyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xue Yan
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Lingang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Johannes Thomas
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Hützen
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str. 1, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Pukhov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Büscher
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str. 1, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Baifei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China.,Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ruxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China.,Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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11
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Ferran Pousa A, Martinez de la Ossa A, Assmann RW. Intrinsic energy spread and bunch length growth in plasma-based accelerators due to betatron motion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17690. [PMID: 31776391 PMCID: PMC6881450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma-based accelerators (PBAs), having demonstrated the production of GeV electron beams in only centimetre scales, offer a path towards a new generation of highly compact and cost-effective particle accelerators. However, achieving the required beam quality, particularly on the energy spread for applications such as free-electron lasers, remains a challenge. Here we investigate fundamental sources of energy spread and bunch length in PBAs which arise from the betatron motion of beam electrons. We present an analytical theory, validated against particle-in-cell simulations, which accurately describes these phenomena. Significant impact on the beam quality is predicted for certain configurations, explaining previously observed limitations on the achievable bunch length and energy spread. Guidelines for mitigating these contributions towards high-quality beams are deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Ferran Pousa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany.
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, 22761, Germany.
| | | | - Ralph W Assmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
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12
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D'Arcy R, Aschikhin A, Bohlen S, Boyle G, Brümmer T, Chappell J, Diederichs S, Foster B, Garland MJ, Goldberg L, Gonzalez P, Karstensen S, Knetsch A, Kuang P, Libov V, Ludwig K, Martinez de la Ossa A, Marutzky F, Meisel M, Mehrling TJ, Niknejadi P, Põder K, Pourmoussavi P, Quast M, Röckemann JH, Schaper L, Schmidt B, Schröder S, Schwinkendorf JP, Sheeran B, Tauscher G, Wesch S, Wing M, Winkler P, Zeng M, Osterhoff J. FLASHForward: plasma wakefield accelerator science for high-average-power applications. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180392. [PMID: 31230573 PMCID: PMC6602913 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The FLASHForward experimental facility is a high-performance test-bed for precision plasma wakefield research, aiming to accelerate high-quality electron beams to GeV-levels in a few centimetres of ionized gas. The plasma is created by ionizing gas in a gas cell either by a high-voltage discharge or a high-intensity laser pulse. The electrons to be accelerated will either be injected internally from the plasma background or externally from the FLASH superconducting RF front end. In both cases, the wakefield will be driven by electron beams provided by the FLASH gun and linac modules operating with a 10 Hz macro-pulse structure, generating 1.25 GeV, 1 nC electron bunches at up to 3 MHz micro-pulse repetition rates. At full capacity, this FLASH bunch-train structure corresponds to 30 kW of average power, orders of magnitude higher than drivers available to other state-of-the-art LWFA and PWFA experiments. This high-power functionality means FLASHForward is the only plasma wakefield facility in the world with the immediate capability to develop, explore and benchmark high-average-power plasma wakefield research essential for next-generation facilities. The operational parameters and technical highlights of the experiment are discussed, as well as the scientific goals and high-average-power outlook. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. D'Arcy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Aschikhin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Bohlen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Boyle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Brümmer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Chappell
- University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - S. Diederichs
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B. Foster
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - M. J. Garland
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Goldberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Gonzalez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Karstensen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Knetsch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Kuang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V. Libov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Ludwig
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Martinez de la Ossa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Marutzky
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Meisel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. J. Mehrling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P. Niknejadi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Põder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Pourmoussavi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Quast
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. -H. Röckemann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Schaper
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B. Schmidt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Schröder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. -P. Schwinkendorf
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B. Sheeran
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Tauscher
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Wesch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Wing
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - P. Winkler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Zeng
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Martinez de la Ossa A, Assmann RW, Bussmann M, Corde S, Couperus Cabadağ JP, Debus A, Döpp A, Ferran Pousa A, Gilljohann MF, Heinemann T, Hidding B, Irman A, Karsch S, Kononenko O, Kurz T, Osterhoff J, Pausch R, Schöbel S, Schramm U. Hybrid LWFA-PWFA staging as a beam energy and brightness transformer: conceptual design and simulations. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180175. [PMID: 31230579 PMCID: PMC6602909 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a conceptual design for a hybrid laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (LWFA) to beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA). In this set-up, the output beams from an LWFA stage are used as input beams of a new PWFA stage. In the PWFA stage, a new witness beam of largely increased quality can be produced and accelerated to higher energies. The feasibility and the potential of this concept is shown through exemplary particle-in-cell simulations. In addition, preliminary simulation results for a proof-of-concept experiment in Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (Germany) are shown. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. W. Assmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Corde
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS - École Polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | | | - A. Debus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Döpp
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Ferran Pousa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. F. Gilljohann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T. Heinemann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | - B. Hidding
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | - A. Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Karsch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - O. Kononenko
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS - École Polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - T. Kurz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Pausch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Schöbel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - U. Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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14
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Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Amorim LD, Adli E, An W, Clarke CI, Clayton CE, Corde S, Gessner S, Green SZ, Hogan MJ, Joshi C, Kononenko O, Lindstrøm CA, Litos M, Lu W, Marsh KA, Mori WB, San Miguel Claveria P, O'Shea B, Raj G, Storey D, White G, Xu X, Yakimenko V. Producing multi-coloured bunches through beam-induced ionization injection in plasma wakefield accelerator. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180184. [PMID: 31230576 PMCID: PMC6602915 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the properties of electron beams formed in plasma wakefield accelerators through ionization injection. In particular, the potential for generating a beam composed of co-located multi-colour beamlets is demonstrated in the case where the ionization is initiated by the evolving charge field of the drive beam itself. The physics of the processes of ionization and injection are explored through OSIRIS simulations. Experimental evidence showing similar features are presented from the data obtained in the E217 experiment at the FACET facility of the SLAC National Laboratory. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. D. Amorim
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - E. Adli
- University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - W. An
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - C. I. Clarke
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - C. E. Clayton
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - S. Corde
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91762, France
| | | | - S. Z. Green
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M. J. Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - C. Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - O. Kononenko
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91762, France
| | | | - M. Litos
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - W. Lu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, People's Republic of China
| | - K. A. Marsh
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - W. B. Mori
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - P. San Miguel Claveria
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91762, France
| | - B. O'Shea
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - G. Raj
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91762, France
| | - D. Storey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - G. White
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xinlu Xu
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - V. Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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15
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Manahan GG, Habib AF, Scherkl P, Ullmann D, Beaton A, Sutherland A, Kirwan G, Delinikolas P, Heinemann T, Altuijri R, Knetsch A, Karger O, Cook NM, Bruhwiler DL, Sheng ZM, Rosenzweig JB, Hidding B. Advanced schemes for underdense plasma photocathode wakefield accelerators: pathways towards ultrahigh brightness electron beams. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180182. [PMID: 31230572 PMCID: PMC6602916 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 'Trojan Horse' underdense plasma photocathode scheme applied to electron beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration has opened up a path which promises high controllability and tunability and to reach extremely good quality as regards emittance and five-dimensional beam brightness. This combination has the potential to improve the state-of-the-art in accelerator technology significantly. In this paper, we review the basic concepts of the Trojan Horse scheme and present advanced methods for tailoring both the injector laser pulses and the witness electron bunches and combine them with the Trojan Horse scheme. These new approaches will further enhance the beam qualities, such as transverse emittance and longitudinal energy spread, and may allow, for the first time, to produce ultrahigh six-dimensional brightness electron bunches, which is a necessary requirement for driving advanced radiation sources. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. G. Manahan
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A. F. Habib
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - P. Scherkl
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - D. Ullmann
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A. Beaton
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - A. Sutherland
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - G. Kirwan
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Delinikolas
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - T. Heinemann
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Altuijri
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Physics Department, Princess Nora Bint Abd Ulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Knetsch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O. Karger
- Department of Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Z.-M. Sheng
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
- Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - J. B. Rosenzweig
- Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B. Hidding
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
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16
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Hidding B, Foster B, Hogan MJ, Muggli P, Rosenzweig JB. Directions in plasma wakefield acceleration. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20190215. [PMID: 31230575 PMCID: PMC6602912 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This introductory article is a synopsis of the status and prospects of particle-beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA). Conceptual and experimental breakthroughs obtained over the last years have initiated a rapid growth of the research field, and increased maturity of underlying technology allows an increasing number of research groups to engage in experimental R&D. We briefly describe the fundamental mechanisms of PWFA, from which its chief attractions arise. Most importantly, this is the capability of extremely rapid acceleration of electrons and positrons at gradients many orders of magnitude larger than in conventional accelerators. This allows the size of accelerator units to be shrunk from the kilometre to metre scale, and possibly the quality of accelerated electron beam output to be improved by orders of magnitude. In turn, such compact and high-quality accelerators are potentially transformative for applications across natural, material and life sciences. This overview provides contextual background for the manuscripts of this issue, resulting from a Theo Murphy meeting held in the summer of 2018. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Hidding
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK
| | - B. Foster
- Department of Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- John Adams Institute and Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. J. Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - P. Muggli
- Max Planck Institut für Physik, München, Germany
| | - J. B. Rosenzweig
- Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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17
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Adli E. Plasma wakefield linear colliders-opportunities and challenges. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180419. [PMID: 31230574 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A linear electron-positron collider operating at TeV-scale energies will provide high precision measurements and allow, for example, precision studies of the Higgs boson as well as searches for physics beyond the standard model. A future linear collider should produce collisions at high energy, with high luminosity and with a good wall plug to beam power transfer efficiency. The luminosity per power consumed is a key metric that can be used to compare linear collider concepts. The plasma wakefield accelerator has demonstrated high-gradient, high-efficiency acceleration of an electron beam and is therefore a promising technology for a future linear collider. We will go through the opportunities of using plasma wakefield acceleration technology for a collider, as well as a few of the collider-specific challenges that must be addressed in order for a high-energy, high luminosity-per-power plasma wakefield collider to become a reality. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Adli
- Department of Physics , University of Oslo , N-0316 Oslo , Norway
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18
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Abstract
Fundamental similarities and differences between laser-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (LWFA) and particle-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) are discussed. The complementary features enable the conception and development of novel hybrid plasma accelerators, which allow previously not accessible compact solutions for high quality electron bunch generation and arising applications. Very high energy gains can be realized by electron beam drivers even in single stages because PWFA is practically dephasing-free and not diffraction-limited. These electron driver beams for PWFA in turn can be produced in compact LWFA stages. In various hybrid approaches, these PWFA systems can be spiked with ionizing laser pulses to realize tunable and high-quality electron sources via optical density downramp injection (also known as plasma torch) or plasma photocathodes (also known as Trojan Horse) and via wakefield-induced injection (also known as WII). These hybrids can act as beam energy, brightness and quality transformers, and partially have built-in stabilizing features. They thus offer compact pathways towards beams with unprecedented emittance and brightness, which may have transformative impact for light sources and photon science applications. Furthermore, they allow the study of PWFA-specific challenges in compact setups in addition to large linac-based facilities, such as fundamental beam–plasma interaction physics, to develop novel diagnostics, and to develop contributions such as ultralow emittance test beams or other building blocks and schemes which support future plasma-based collider concepts.
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19
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Golovin G, Yan W, Luo J, Fruhling C, Haden D, Zhao B, Liu C, Chen M, Chen S, Zhang P, Banerjee S, Umstadter D. Electron Trapping from Interactions between Laser-Driven Relativistic Plasma Waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:104801. [PMID: 30240250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of large-amplitude relativistic plasma waves were investigated experimentally by propagating two synchronized ultraintense femtosecond laser pulses in plasma at oblique crossing angles to each other. The electrostatic and electromagnetic fields of the colliding waves acted to preaccelerate and trap electrons via previously predicted, but untested injection mechanisms of ponderomotive drift and wake-wake interference. High-quality energetic electron beams were produced, also revealing valuable new information about plasma-wave dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory Golovin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Wenchao Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Ji Luo
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Colton Fruhling
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Dan Haden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Baozhen Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shouyuan Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Sudeep Banerjee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Donald Umstadter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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20
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Reichwein L, Thomas J, Pukhov A. Two-dimensional structures of electron bunches in relativistic plasma cavities. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:013201. [PMID: 30110785 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The spatial structure of an ultralow-emittance electron bunch in a plasma wakefield blowout regime is studied. The full Liénard-Wiechert potentials are considered for mutual interparticle interactions in the framework of the equilibrium slice model. This model uses the quasistatic theory which allows one to solve the Liénard-Wiechert potentials without knowledge of the electrons' history. The equilibrium structure we find is similar to already observed hexagonal lattices but shows topological defects. Scaling laws for interparticle distances are obtained from numerical simulations and analytical estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Reichwein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Thomas
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Pukhov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Martinez de la Ossa A, Mehrling TJ, Osterhoff J. Intrinsic Stabilization of the Drive Beam in Plasma-Wakefield Accelerators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:064803. [PMID: 30141650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.064803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hose instability of the drive beam constitutes a major challenge for the stable operation of plasma-wakefield accelerators. In this Letter, we show that drive beams with a transverse size comparable to the plasma blowout radius generate a wake with a varying focusing along the beam, which leads to a rapid detuning of the slice-betatron oscillations and suppresses the instability. This intrinsic stabilization principle provides an applicable and effective method for the suppression of the hosing of the drive beam and allows for a stable acceleration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez de la Ossa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T J Mehrling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Single-stage plasma-based correlated energy spread compensation for ultrahigh 6D brightness electron beams. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15705. [PMID: 28580954 PMCID: PMC5465367 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma photocathode wakefield acceleration combines energy gains of tens of GeV m−1 with generation of ultralow emittance electron bunches, and opens a path towards 5D-brightness orders of magnitude larger than state-of-the-art. This holds great promise for compact accelerator building blocks and advanced light sources. However, an intrinsic by-product of the enormous electric field gradients inherent to plasma accelerators is substantial correlated energy spread—an obstacle for key applications such as free-electron-lasers. Here we show that by releasing an additional tailored escort electron beam at a later phase of the acceleration, when the witness bunch is relativistically stable, the plasma wave can be locally overloaded without compromising the witness bunch normalized emittance. This reverses the effective accelerating gradient, and counter-rotates the accumulated negative longitudinal phase space chirp of the witness bunch. Thereby, the energy spread is reduced by an order of magnitude, thus enabling the production of ultrahigh 6D-brightness beams. Controlling and improving electron beam parameters are crucial for their application in free electron laser and X-ray sources. Here the authors generate quality electron beams with reduced energy spread from plasma accelerators by using a tailored escort electron bunch with the main accelerating bunch.
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Abstract
Particle accelerators are the ultimate microscopes. They produce high energy beams of particles — or, in some cases, generate X-ray laser pulses — to probe the fundamental particles and forces that make up the universe and to explore the building blocks of life. But it takes huge accelerators, like the Large Hadron Collider or the two-mile-long SLAC linac, to generate beams with enough energy and resolving power. If we could achieve the same thing with accelerators just a few meters long, accelerators and particle colliders could be much smaller and cheaper. Since the first theoretical work in the early 1980s, an exciting series of experiments have aimed at accelerating electrons and positrons to high energies in a much shorter distance by having them “surf” on waves of hot, ionized gas like that found in fluorescent light tubes. Electron-beam-driven experiments have measured the integrated and dynamic aspects of plasma focusing, the bright flux of high energy betatron radiation photons, particle beam refraction at the plasma–neutral-gas interface, and the structure and amplitude of the accelerating wakefield. Gradients spanning kT/m to MT/m for focusing and 100[Formula: see text]MeV/m to 50[Formula: see text]GeV/m for acceleration have been excited in meter-long plasmas with densities of 10[Formula: see text]–10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], respectively. Positron-beam-driven experiments have evidenced the more complex dynamic and integrated plasma focusing, 100[Formula: see text]MeV/m to 5[Formula: see text]GeV/m acceleration in linear and nonlinear plasma waves, and explored the dynamics of hollow channel plasma structures. Strongly beam-loaded plasma waves have accelerated beams of electrons and positrons with hundreds of pC of charge to over 5[Formula: see text]GeV in meter scale plasmas with high efficiency and narrow energy spread. These “plasma wakefield acceleration” experiments have been mounted by a diverse group of accelerator, laser and plasma researchers from national laboratories and universities around the world. This article reviews the basic principles of plasma wakefield acceleration with electron and positron beams, the current state of understanding, the push for first applications and the long range R&D roadmap toward a high energy collider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94303, USA
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24
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Clayton CE, Adli E, Allen J, An W, Clarke CI, Corde S, Frederico J, Gessner S, Green SZ, Hogan MJ, Joshi C, Litos M, Lu W, Marsh KA, Mori WB, Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Xu X, Yakimenko V. Self-mapping the longitudinal field structure of a nonlinear plasma accelerator cavity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12483. [PMID: 27527569 PMCID: PMC4990705 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of emittance of the accelerating beam is the next challenge for plasma-based accelerators envisioned for future light sources and colliders. The field structure of a highly nonlinear plasma wake is potentially suitable for this purpose but has not been yet measured. Here we show that the longitudinal variation of the fields in a nonlinear plasma wakefield accelerator cavity produced by a relativistic electron bunch can be mapped using the bunch itself as a probe. We find that, for much of the cavity that is devoid of plasma electrons, the transverse force is constant longitudinally to within ±3% (r.m.s.). Moreover, comparison of experimental data and simulations has resulted in mapping of the longitudinal electric field of the unloaded wake up to 83 GV m(-1) to a similar degree of accuracy. These results bode well for high-gradient, high-efficiency acceleration of electron bunches while preserving their emittance in such a cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Clayton
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - E Adli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - J Allen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W An
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C I Clarke
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Corde
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91762, France
| | - J Frederico
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Gessner
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Z Green
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Litos
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - K A Marsh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - N Vafaei-Najafabadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - X Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - V Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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25
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Xu XL, Pai CH, Zhang CJ, Li F, Wan Y, Wu YP, Hua JF, Lu W, An W, Yu P, Joshi C, Mori WB. Nanoscale Electron Bunching in Laser-Triggered Ionization Injection in Plasma Accelerators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:034801. [PMID: 27472116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.034801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionization injection is attractive as a controllable injection scheme for generating high quality electron beams using plasma-based wakefield acceleration. Because of the phase-dependent tunneling ionization rate and the trapping dynamics within a nonlinear wake, the discrete injection of electrons within the wake is nonlinearly mapped to a discrete final phase space structure of the beam at the location where the electrons are trapped. This phenomenon is theoretically analyzed and examined by three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations which show that three-dimensional effects limit the wave number of the modulation to between >2k_{0} and about 5k_{0}, where k_{0} is the wave number of the injection laser. Such a nanoscale bunched beam can be diagnosed by and used to generate coherent transition radiation and may find use in generating high-power ultraviolet radiation upon passage through a resonant undulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C-H Pai
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C J Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Wan
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y P Wu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J F Hua
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - W An
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Yu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Joshi
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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26
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Feng C, Xiang D, Deng H, Huang D, Wang D, Zhao Z. Generating intense fully coherent soft x-ray radiation based on a laser-plasma accelerator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:14993-15002. [PMID: 26072855 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.014993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Laser-plasma based accelerator has the potential to dramatically reduce the size and cost of future x-ray light sources to the university-laboratory scale. However, the large energy spread of the laser-plasma accelerated electron beam may hinder the way for short wavelength free-electron laser generation. In this paper, we propose a novel method for directly imprinting strong coherent micro-bunching on the electron beam with large intrinsic energy spread by using a wavefront-tilted conventional optical laser beam and a weak dipole magnet. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that this technique can be used for the generation of fully coherent femtosecond soft x-ray radiation at gigawatts level with a very short undulator.
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27
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Zeng M, Chen M, Yu LL, Mori WB, Sheng ZM, Hidding B, Jaroszynski DA, Zhang J. Multichromatic narrow-energy-spread electron bunches from laser-wakefield acceleration with dual-color lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:084801. [PMID: 25768765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.084801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A method based on laser wakefield acceleration with controlled ionization injection triggered by another frequency-tripled laser is proposed, which can produce electron bunches with low energy spread. As two color pulses copropagate in the background plasma, the peak amplitude of the combined laser field is modulated in time and space during the laser propagation due to the plasma dispersion. Ionization injection occurs when the peak amplitude exceeds a certain threshold. The threshold is exceeded for limited duration periodically at different propagation distances, leading to multiple ionization injections and separated electron bunches. The method is demonstrated through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Such electron bunches may be used to generate multichromatic x-ray sources for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - M Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - L L Yu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - W B Mori
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Z M Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - B Hidding
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - D A Jaroszynski
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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28
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Zhang T, Feng C, Deng H, Wang D, Dai Z, Zhao Z. Compensating the electron beam energy spread by the natural transverse gradient of laser undulator in all-optical x-ray light sources. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:13880-13888. [PMID: 24921579 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.013880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
All-optical ideas provide a potential to dramatically cut off the size and cost of x-ray light sources to the university-laboratory scale, with the combination of the laser-plasma accelerator and the laser undulator. However, the large longitudinal energy spread of the electron beam from laser-plasma accelerator may hinder the way to high brightness of these all-optical light sources. In this paper, the beam energy spread effect is proposed to be significantly compensated by the natural transverse gradient of a laser undulator when properly transverse-dispersing the electron beam. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations on conventional laser-Compton scattering sources and high-gain all-optical x-ray free-electron lasers with the electron beams from laser-plasma accelerators are presented.
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29
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Yu LL, Esarey E, Schroeder CB, Vay JL, Benedetti C, Geddes CGR, Chen M, Leemans WP. Two-color laser-ionization injection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:125001. [PMID: 24724654 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.125001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A method is proposed to generate femtosecond, ultralow emittance (∼10-8 m rad), electron beams in a laser-plasma accelerator using two lasers of different colors. A long-wavelength pump pulse, with a large ponderomotive force and small peak electric field, excites a wake without fully ionizing a high-Z gas. A short-wavelength injection pulse, with a small ponderomotive force and large peak electric field, copropagating and delayed with respect to the pump laser, ionizes a fraction of the remaining bound electrons at a trapping wake phase, generating an electron beam that is accelerated in the wake.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-L Yu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - E Esarey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C B Schroeder
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J-L Vay
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Benedetti
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C G R Geddes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - W P Leemans
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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30
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Xu XL, Hua JF, Li F, Zhang CJ, Yan LX, Du YC, Huang WH, Chen HB, Tang CX, Lu W, Yu P, An W, Joshi C, Mori WB. Phase-space dynamics of ionization injection in plasma-based accelerators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:035003. [PMID: 24484147 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.035003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of beam phase space in ionization injection into plasma wakefields is studied using theory and particle-in-cell simulations. The injection process involves both longitudinal and transverse phase mixing, leading initially to a rapid emittance growth followed by oscillation, decay, and a slow growth to saturation. An analytic theory for this evolution is presented and verified through particle-in-cell simulations. This theory includes the effects of injection distance (time), acceleration distance, wakefield structure, and nonlinear space charge forces, and it also shows how ultralow emittance beams can be produced using ionization injection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Xu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J F Hua
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C J Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - L X Yan
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y C Du
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W H Huang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - H B Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C X Tang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Yu
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W An
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W B Mori
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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31
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Martinez de la Ossa A, Grebenyuk J, Mehrling T, Schaper L, Osterhoff J. High-quality electron beams from beam-driven plasma accelerators by wakefield-induced ionization injection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:245003. [PMID: 24483670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.245003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new and simple strategy for controlled ionization-induced trapping of electrons in a beam-driven plasma accelerator. The presented method directly exploits electric wakefields to ionize electrons from a dopant gas and capture them into a well-defined volume of the accelerating and focusing wake phase, leading to high-quality witness bunches. This injection principle is explained by example of three-dimensional particle-in-cell calculations using the code OSIRIS. In these simulations a high-current-density electron-beam driver excites plasma waves in the blowout regime inside a fully ionized hydrogen plasma of density 5×10(17)cm-3. Within an embedded 100 μm long plasma column contaminated with neutral helium gas, the wakefields trigger ionization, trapping of a defined fraction of the released electrons, and subsequent acceleration. The hereby generated electron beam features a 1.5 kA peak current, 1.5 μm transverse normalized emittance, an uncorrelated energy spread of 0.3% on a GeV-energy scale, and few femtosecond bunch length.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Grebenyuk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Mehrling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Schaper
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
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32
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Bourgeois N, Cowley J, Hooker SM. Two-pulse ionization injection into quasilinear laser wakefields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:155004. [PMID: 24160608 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.155004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a scheme for controlling electron injection into the quasilinear wakefield driven by a guided drive pulse via ionization of a dopant species by a collinear injection laser pulse with a short Rayleigh range. The scheme is analyzed by particle-in-cell simulations which show controlled injection and acceleration of electrons to an energy of 370 MeV, a relative energy spread of 2%, and a normalized transverse emittance of 2.0 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bourgeois
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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Lehe R, Lifschitz AF, Davoine X, Thaury C, Malka V. Optical transverse injection in laser-plasma acceleration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:085005. [PMID: 24010450 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.085005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Laser-wakefield acceleration constitutes a promising technology for future electron accelerators. A crucial step in such an accelerator is the injection of electrons into the wakefield, which will largely determine the properties of the extracted beam. We present here a new paradigm of colliding-pulse injection, which allows us to generate high-quality electron bunches having both a very low emittance (0.17 mm·mrad) and a low energy spread (2%), while retaining a high charge (~100 pC) and a short duration (3 fs). In this paradigm, the pulse collision provokes a transient expansion of the accelerating bubble, which then leads to transverse electron injection. This mechanism contrasts with previously observed optical injection mechanisms, which were essentially longitudinal. We also specify the range of parameters in which this new type of injection occurs and show that it is within reach of existing high-intensity laser facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lehe
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS UMR7639-École Polytechnique, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, Palaiseau 91762, France
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Li F, Hua JF, Xu XL, Zhang CJ, Yan LX, Du YC, Huang WH, Chen HB, Tang CX, Lu W, Joshi C, Mori WB, Gu YQ. Generating high-brightness electron beams via ionization injection by transverse colliding lasers in a plasma-wakefield accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:015003. [PMID: 23863007 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The production of ultrabright electron bunches using ionization injection triggered by two transversely colliding laser pulses inside a beam-driven plasma wake is examined via three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The relatively low intensity lasers are polarized along the wake axis and overlap with the wake for a very short time. The result is that the residual momentum of the ionized electrons in the transverse plane of the wake is reduced, and the injection is localized along the propagation axis of the wake. This minimizes both the initial thermal emittance and the emittance growth due to transverse phase mixing. Simulations show that ultrashort (~8 fs) high-current (0.4 kA) electron bunches with a normalized emittance of 8.5 and 6 nm in the two planes, respectively, and a brightness of 1.7×10(19) A rad(-2) m(-2) can be obtained for realistic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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