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López-Flores L, de la Cruz MO. Induced phase transformation in ionizable colloidal nanoparticles. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:122. [PMID: 38060163 PMCID: PMC10703989 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Acid-base equilibria directly influence the functionality and behavior of particles in a system. Due to the ionizing effects of acid-base functional groups, particles will undergo charge exchange. The degree of ionization and their intermolecular and electrostatic interactions are controlled by varying the pH and salt concentration of the solution in a system. Although the pH can be tuned in experiments, it is hard to model this effect using simulations or theoretical approaches. This is due to the difficulty in treating charge regulation and capturing the cooperative effects in a colloidal suspension with Coulombic interaction. In this work, we analyze a suspension of ionizable colloidal particles via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, along with Monte Carlo simulations for charge regulation (MC-CR) and derive a phase diagram of the system as a function of pH. It is observed that as pH increases, particles functionalized with acid groups change their arrangement from face-centered cubic (FCC) packing to a disordered state. We attribute these transitions to an increase in the degree of charge polydispersity arising from an increase in pH. Our work shows that charge regulation leads to amorphous solids in colloids when the mean nanoparticle charge is sufficiently high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia López-Flores
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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2
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Hait D, Head-Gordon M. When Is a Bond Broken? The Polarizability Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312078. [PMID: 37713599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The question of when a chemical bond can be said to be broken is of fundamental chemical interest but has not been widely studied. Herein we propose that the maxima of static polarizability along bond dissociation coordinates naturally define cutoff points for bond rupture, as they represent the onset of localization of shared electron density into constituent fragments. Examples of computed polarizability maxima over the course of bond cleavage in main-group and transition metal compounds are provided, across covalent, dative and charge-shift bonds. The behavior along reaction paths is also considered. Overall, the static polarizability is found to be a sensitive reporter of electronic structure reorganization associated with bond stretching, and thus can serve as a metric for describing bond cleavage (or diagnose the absence of a chemical bond).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Probing the protein corona around charged macromolecules: interpretation of isothermal titration calorimetry by binding models and computer simulations. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIsothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a widely used tool to experimentally probe the heat signal of the formation of the protein corona around macromolecules or nanoparticles. If an appropriate binding model is applied to the ITC data, the heat of binding and the binding stoichiometry as well as the binding affinity per protein can be quantified and interpreted. However, the binding of the protein to the macromolecule is governed by complex microscopic interactions. In particular, due to the steric and electrostatic protein–protein interactions within the corona as well as cooperative, charge renormalization effects of the total complex, the application of standard (e.g., Langmuir) binding models is questionable and the development of more appropriate binding models is very challenging. Here, we discuss recent developments in the interpretation of the Langmuir model applied to ITC data of protein corona formation, exemplified for the well-defined case of lysozyme coating highly charged dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS), and demonstrate that meaningful data can be extracted from the fits if properly analyzed. As we show, this is particular useful for the interpretation of ITC data by molecular computer simulations where binding affinities can be calculated but it is often not clear how to consistently compare them with the ITC data. Moreover, we discuss the connection of Langmuir models to continuum binding models (where no discrete binding sites have to be assumed) and their possible extensions toward the inclusion of leading order cooperative electrostatic effects.
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Michaels TCT, Liu LX, Curk S, Bolhuis PG, Šarić A, Knowles TPJ. Reaction rate theory for supramolecular kinetics: application to protein aggregation. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1474280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. T. Michaels
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lucie X. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samo Curk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Peter G. Bolhuis
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anđela Šarić
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Bergenholtz J. Detachment dynamics of colloidal spheres with adhesive interactions. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:042610. [PMID: 29758768 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.042610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Escape of colloidal-size particles from various kinds of solids, such as aggregates and surfaces, occurs in a wide variety of settings of both fundamental and applied scientific interest. In this paper an exact solution for the detachment of adhesive spheres from each other by means of diffusion is presented. The solution takes into account repeated detachment and reattachment events in the course of time on the way toward the permanently separated state. For strongly adhesive spheres this state is approached in an exponential manner essentially regardless of how the bound state is specified. The analytical solution is shown to capture semiquantitatively the escape from more realistic potential wells using a mapping procedure whereby equality of second virial coefficients is imposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bergenholtz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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6
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Ness C, Zaccone A. Effect of Hydrodynamic Interactions on the Lifetime of Colloidal Bonds. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ness
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Zaccone
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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7
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Hood SN, Kassal I. Entropy and Disorder Enable Charge Separation in Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4495-4500. [PMID: 27783509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although organic heterojunctions can separate charges with near-unity efficiency and on a subpicosecond time scale, the full details of the charge-separation process remain unclear. In typical models, the Coulomb binding between the electron and the hole can exceed the thermal energy kBT by an order of magnitude, suggesting that it is impossible for the charges to separate before recombining. Here, we consider the entropic contribution to charge separation in the presence of disorder and find that even modest amounts of disorder have a decisive effect, reducing the charge-separation barrier to about kBT or eliminating it altogether. Therefore, the charges are usually not thermodynamically bound at all and could separate spontaneously if the kinetics otherwise allowed it. Our conclusion holds despite the worst-case assumption of localized, thermalized carriers and is only strengthened if mechanisms like delocalization or "hot" states are also present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Hood
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ivan Kassal
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Zaccone A, Terentjev I, Herling TW, Knowles TPJ, Aleksandrova A, Terentjev EM. Kinetics of fragmentation and dissociation of two-strand protein filaments: Coarse-grained simulations and experiments. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:105101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kyriakos K, Philipp M, Lin CH, Dyakonova M, Vishnevetskaya N, Grillo I, Zaccone A, Miasnikova A, Laschewsky A, Müller-Buschbaum P, Papadakis CM. Quantifying the Interactions in the Aggregation of Thermoresponsive Polymers: The Effect of Cononsolvency. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:420-5. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kyriakos
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Martine Philipp
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Che-Hung Lin
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Margarita Dyakonova
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Natalya Vishnevetskaya
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Isabelle Grillo
- Large Scale Structures Group; Institut Laue-Langevin; 71, Avenue des Martyrs 38042 Grenoble France
| | - Alessio Zaccone
- Theorie weicher Materie; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Anna Miasnikova
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
- Fraunhofer IAP; PO Box 600 651 14406 Potsdam Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Christine M. Papadakis
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie/Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien; Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
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Zaccone A, Terentjev I, Di Michele L, Terentjev EM. Fragmentation and depolymerization of non-covalently bonded filaments. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:114905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4914925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zaccone
- Physics Department and Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I. Terentjev
- Granta Design, 62 Clifton Rd., Cambridge CB1 7EG, United Kingdom
| | - L. Di Michele
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E. M. Terentjev
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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11
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Foderà V, Zaccone A, Lattuada M, Donald AM. Electrostatics controls the formation of amyloid superstructures in protein aggregation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:108105. [PMID: 25166715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The possibility for proteins to aggregate in different superstructures, i.e. large-scale polymorphism, has been widely observed, but an understanding of the physicochemical mechanisms behind it is still out of reach. Here we present a theoretical model for the description of a generic aggregate formed from an ensemble of charged proteins. The model predicts the formation of multifractal structures with the geometry of the growth determined by the electrostatic interactions between single proteins. The model predictions are successfully verified in comparison with experimental curves for aggregate growth allowing us to reveal the mechanism of formation of such complex structures. The model is general and is able to predict aggregate morphologies occurring both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings provide a framework where the physical interactions between single proteins, the aggregate morphology, and the growth kinetics are connected into a single model in agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Foderà
- Sector of Biological and Soft Systems, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Zaccone
- Sector of Biological and Soft Systems, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom and Theory of Condensed Matter, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Lattuada
- ETH Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, HCI F135, Wolfgang Pauli Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Athene M Donald
- Sector of Biological and Soft Systems, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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12
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Zaccone A, Crassous JJ, Ballauff M. Colloidal gelation with variable attraction energy. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:104908. [PMID: 23514520 DOI: 10.1063/1.4794695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an approximation scheme to the master kinetic equations for aggregation and gelation with thermal breakup in colloidal systems with variable attraction energy. With the cluster fractal dimension df as the only phenomenological parameter, rich physical behavior is predicted. The viscosity, the gelation time, and the cluster size are predicted in closed form analytically as a function of time, initial volume fraction, and attraction energy by combining the reversible clustering kinetics with an approximate hydrodynamic model. The fractal dimension df modulates the time evolution of cluster size, lag time and gelation time, and of the viscosity. The gelation transition is strongly nonequilibrium and time-dependent in the unstable region of the state diagram of colloids where the association rate is larger than the dissociation rate. Only upon approaching conditions where the initial association and the dissociation rates are comparable for all species (which is a condition for the detailed balance to be satisfied) aggregation can occur with df = 3. In this limit, homogeneous nucleation followed by Lifshitz-Slyozov coarsening is recovered. In this limited region of the state diagram the macroscopic gelation process is likely to be driven by large spontaneous fluctuations associated with spinodal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Zaccone
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
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