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Bénisti D, Morice O, Rousseaux C, Debayle A, Masson-Laborde PE, Loiseau P. Nonlinear kinetic estimate of Raman reflectivity in a hohlraum plasma with a radiation hydrodynamics code. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:L043201. [PMID: 38755812 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.l043201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter, we introduce an inline model for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), which runs on our radiation hydrodynamics code troll. This model accounts for nonlinear kinetic effects and for the SRS feedback on the plasma hydrodynamics. We dubbed it PIEM because it is a fully "PredIctivE Model," because no free parameter is to be adjusted a posteriori in order to match the experimental results. PIEM predictions are compared against experimental measurements performed at the Ligne d'Intégration Laser. From these comparisons, we discuss the PIEM ability to correctly catch the impact of nonlinear kinetic effects on SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bénisti
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, F-91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - O Morice
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - A Debayle
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, F-91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - P E Masson-Laborde
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, F-91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - P Loiseau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, F-91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
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2
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Palastro JP, Miller KG, Follett RK, Ramsey D, Weichman K, Arefiev AV, Froula DH. Space-Time Structured Plasma Waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:095101. [PMID: 38489653 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.095101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Electrostatic waves play a critical role in nearly every branch of plasma physics from fusion to advanced accelerators, to astro, solar, and ionospheric physics. The properties of planar electrostatic waves are fully determined by the plasma conditions, such as density, temperature, ionization state, or details of the distribution functions. Here we demonstrate that electrostatic wave packets structured with space-time correlations can have properties that are independent of the plasma conditions. For instance, an appropriately structured electrostatic wave packet can travel at any group velocity, even backward with respect to its phase fronts, while maintaining a localized energy density. These linear, propagation-invariant wave packets can be constructed with or without orbital angular momentum by superposing natural modes of the plasma and can be ponderomotively excited by space-time structured laser pulses like the flying focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Palastro
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - K G Miller
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R K Follett
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Ramsey
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - K Weichman
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - A V Arefiev
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - D H Froula
- University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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3
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A Comprehensive Review on Amplification of Laser Pulses via Stimulated Raman Scattering and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Plasmas. PLASMA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/plasma5040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for high-intensity lasers has grown ever since the invention of lasers in 1960, owing to their applications in the fields of inertial confinement fusion, plasma-based relativistic particle accelerators, complex X-ray and gamma-ray sources, and laboratory astrophysics. To create such high-intensity lasers, free-running lasers were either Q-switched or mode-locked to increase the peak power to the gigawatt range. Later, chirped pulse amplification was developed, allowing the generation of peak power up to 1012 W. However, the next generation of high-intensity lasers might not be able to be driven by the solid-state technology alone as they are already operating close to their damage thresholds. In this scenario, concepts of amplification based on plasmas has the potential to revolutionize the laser industry, as plasma is already a broken-down medium, and hence does not pose any problems related to the damage thresholds. On the other hand, there are many other aspects that need to be addressed before developing technologies based on plasma-based amplification, and they are being investigated via theoretical and numerical methods and supported by several experiments. In this report, we review the prospects of employing plasma as the medium of amplification by utilising stimulated scattering techniques, such as the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) techniques, to modulate high-power laser pulses, which would possibly be the key to the next generation of high-power lasers. The 1980s saw the commencement of research in this field, and possibilities of obtaining high peak powers were verified theoretically with the help of numerical calculations and simulations. The extent of amplification by these stimulated scattering schemes are limited by a number of instabilities such as forward Raman scattering (FRS), filamentation, etc., and here, magnetised plasma played an important role in counteracting these parasitic effects. The current research combines all these factors to experimentally realise a large-scale plasma-based amplifier, which can impact the high-energy laser industry in the near future.
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4
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Christopherson AR, Betti R, Forrest CJ, Howard J, Theobald W, Delettrez JA, Rosenberg MJ, Solodov AA, Stoeckl C, Patel D, Gopalaswamy V, Cao D, Peebles JL, Edgell DH, Seka W, Epstein R, Wei MS, Gatu Johnson M, Simpson R, Regan SP, Campbell EM. Direct Measurements of DT Fuel Preheat from Hot Electrons in Direct-Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:055001. [PMID: 34397224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hot electrons generated by laser-plasma instabilities degrade the performance of laser-fusion implosions by preheating the DT fuel and reducing core compression. The hot-electron energy deposition in the DT fuel has been directly measured for the first time by comparing the hard x-ray signals between DT-layered and mass-equivalent ablator-only implosions. The electron energy deposition profile in the fuel is inferred through dedicated experiments using Cu-doped payloads of varying thickness. The measured preheat energy accurately explains the areal-density degradation observed in many OMEGA implosions. This technique can be used to assess the viability of the direct-drive approach to laser fusion with respect to the scaling of hot-electron preheat with laser energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Christopherson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C J Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J Howard
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J A Delettrez
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M J Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - A A Solodov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Patel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V Gopalaswamy
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Cao
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J L Peebles
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D H Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M S Wei
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Simpson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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5
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Vieux G, Cipiccia S, Grant DW, Lemos N, Grant P, Ciocarlan C, Ersfeld B, Hur MS, Lepipas P, Manahan GG, Raj G, Reboredo Gil D, Subiel A, Welsh GH, Wiggins SM, Yoffe SR, Farmer JP, Aniculaesei C, Brunetti E, Yang X, Heathcote R, Nersisyan G, Lewis CLS, Pukhov A, Dias JM, Jaroszynski DA. An ultra-high gain and efficient amplifier based on Raman amplification in plasma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2399. [PMID: 28546551 PMCID: PMC5445100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman amplification arising from the excitation of a density echelon in plasma could lead to amplifiers that significantly exceed current power limits of conventional laser media. Here we show that 1-100 J pump pulses can amplify picojoule seed pulses to nearly joule level. The extremely high gain also leads to significant amplification of backscattered radiation from "noise", arising from stochastic plasma fluctuations that competes with externally injected seed pulses, which are amplified to similar levels at the highest pump energies. The pump energy is scattered into the seed at an oblique angle with 14 J sr-1, and net gains of more than eight orders of magnitude. The maximum gain coefficient, of 180 cm-1, exceeds high-power solid-state amplifying media by orders of magnitude. The observation of a minimum of 640 J sr-1 directly backscattered from noise, corresponding to ≈10% of the pump energy in the observation solid angle, implies potential overall efficiencies greater than 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vieux
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines, Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - S Cipiccia
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - D W Grant
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - N Lemos
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Lawrence Livermore National laboratory, NIF and photon Sciences, 7000, East avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - P Grant
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - C Ciocarlan
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
- IFIN-HH, National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - B Ersfeld
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - M S Hur
- UNIST, Banyeon-ri 100. Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea
| | - P Lepipas
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - G G Manahan
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - G Raj
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
- Centre de Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - D Reboredo Gil
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - A Subiel
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
- Medical Radiation Science, National Physical Laboratory, Medical Radiation Science, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - G H Welsh
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - S M Wiggins
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - S R Yoffe
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J P Farmer
- Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich Heine Universität, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Aniculaesei
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - E Brunetti
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - X Yang
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Key Lab of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - R Heathcote
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - G Nersisyan
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - C L S Lewis
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Pukhov
- Theoretische Physik I, Heinrich Heine Universität, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J M Dias
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D A Jaroszynski
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance and University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom.
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6
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Chirped pulse Raman amplification in warm plasma: towards controlling saturation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13333. [PMID: 26290153 PMCID: PMC4542156 DOI: 10.1038/srep13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulated Raman backscattering in plasma is potentially an efficient method of amplifying laser pulses to reach exawatt powers because plasma is fully broken down and withstands extremely high electric fields. Plasma also has unique nonlinear optical properties that allow simultaneous compression of optical pulses to ultra-short durations. However, current measured efficiencies are limited to several percent. Here we investigate Raman amplification of short duration seed pulses with different chirp rates using a chirped pump pulse in a preformed plasma waveguide. We identify electron trapping and wavebreaking as the main saturation mechanisms, which lead to spectral broadening and gain saturation when the seed reaches several millijoules for durations of 10’s – 100’s fs for 250 ps, 800 nm chirped pump pulses. We show that this prevents access to the nonlinear regime and limits the efficiency, and interpret the experimental results using slowly-varying-amplitude, current-averaged particle-in-cell simulations. We also propose methods for achieving higher efficiencies.
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7
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Laser light triggers increased Raman amplification in the regime of nonlinear Landau damping. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4158. [PMID: 24938756 PMCID: PMC4354404 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulated Raman backscattering (SRS) has many unwanted effects in megajoule-scale
inertially confined fusion (ICF) plasmas. Moreover, attempts to harness SRS to amplify
short laser pulses through backward Raman amplification have achieved limited success.
In high-temperature fusion plasmas, SRS usually occurs in a kinetic regime where the
nonlinear response of the Langmuir wave to the laser drive and its host of complicating
factors make it difficult to predict the degree of amplification that can be achieved
under given experimental conditions. Here we present experimental evidence of reduced
Landau damping with increasing Langmuir wave amplitude and determine its effects on
Raman amplification. The threshold for trapping effects to influence the amplification
is shown to be very low. Above threshold, the complex SRS dynamics results in increased
amplification factors, which partly explains previous ICF experiments. These insights
could aid the development of more efficient backward Raman amplification schemes in this
regime. Stimulated Raman scattering is one of the methods being explored to
generate ultrahigh intensity short laser pulses. Depierreux et al. explore a new
regime, also relevant to inertial confinement thermonuclear fusion, in which nonlinear
kinetic response of a hot plasma enhances Raman amplification.
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Lehmann G, Spatschek KH, Sewell G. Pulse shaping during Raman-seed amplification for short laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:063107. [PMID: 23848789 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.063107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Raman-seed pulse amplification in a one-dimensional backscattering geometry is investigated with the help of numerical simulations and analytical estimates. The significant dependence of the initial amplification on the pulse form is revisited on the basis of a three-wave interaction as well as a kinetic Vlasov model. It is shown how the short duration of the input seed pulse influences its subsequent behavior, depending on plasma density and pump strength. The evolution during a "start-up period," which has been observed earlier, can be explained analytically. In the nonlinear (pump depletion) regime, the pulse generated in the start-up period will be further amplified and may evolve into a self-similar π-pulse solution. The Vlasov code predicts algebraic growth in time of the seed amplitude, similar to the findings based on self-similar solutions of the three-wave-interaction model. An initially very narrow pulse is shown to grow more slowly than an initially broad one.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lehmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Chapman T, Hüller S, Masson-Laborde P, Heron A, Rozmus W, Pesme D. The dependence of spatial autoresonance in SRS on kLλD. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135905012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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