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Zhang Y, Gong M, Liu Z, Niu S, Shan X, Chen X. Experimental and Theoretical Study on Electron Momentum Spectroscopy of SF 6: Distorted-Wave and Vibrational Motion. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1252-1258. [PMID: 36705984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c09072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational and distorted-wave effects are usually invoked to explain the measured electron momentum profiles for molecular orbitals. The vibrational effect can be accounted for quantitatively by a harmonic analytical quantum mechanical approach within the plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA). On the other hand, quantitative calculation considering the distorted-wave effect was available only recently by a multicenter-three-distorted-wave (MCTDW) method (Phys. Rev. A2022, 105, 042805). Here, we report a joint experimental and theoretical investigation on electron momentum spectroscopy of SF6. The experiments were performed using a high-sensitivity (e, 2e) spectrometer employing non-coplanar symmetric geometry with incident electron energy equal to 1200 eV + binding energy. The experimental electron momentum profiles are compared with theoretical calculations by the MCTDW method at equilibrium geometry and by the PWIA method both at equilibrium geometry and considering vibrational motions. For all the measured orbitals, large discrepancies were observed between the experiments and the PWIA calculations at equilibrium geometry. For the highest occupied molecular orbital 1t1g, the vibrational effect can partly explain the high intensity of the experimental momentum profile at low momenta. For the other orbitals, the influence of the vibrational effect is negligible. On the other hand, the MCTDW calculations improve the agreement with the experiments for all the observed orbitals, indicating that the distorted-wave effect plays an important role in reproducing the measured momentum profiles of SF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Maomao Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Shanshan Niu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Xu Shan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
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Vibrational and distorted-wave effects on the highest occupied molecular orbital electronics structure of tetrachloromethane. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang YC, Niu SS, Tang YG, Zhang Y, Shan X, Xu CK, Chen XJ. Electron momentum spectroscopy investigation on electronic structure of iso-dichloroethylene valence shell. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1903059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-chun Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shan-shan Niu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ya-guo Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xu Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chun-kai Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiang-jun Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Watanabe N, Hirayama T, Yamada S, Takahashi M. Development of an electron-ion coincidence apparatus for molecular-frame electron energy loss spectroscopy studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:043105. [PMID: 29716374 DOI: 10.1063/1.5025773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report details of an electron-ion coincidence apparatus, which has been developed for molecular-frame electron energy loss spectroscopy studies. The apparatus is mainly composed of a pulsed electron gun, an energy-dispersive electron spectrometer, and an ion momentum imaging spectrometer. Molecular-orientation dependence of the high-energy electron scattering cross section can be examined by conducting measurements of vector correlation between the momenta of the scattered electron and fragment ion. Background due to false coincidences is significantly reduced by introducing a pulsed electron beam and pulsing scheme of ion extraction. The experimental setup has been tested by measuring the inner-shell excitation of N2 at an incident electron energy of 1.5 keV and a scattering angle of 10.2°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Watanabe
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hirayama
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - So Yamada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takahashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Tang Y, Shan X, Liu Z, Niu S, Wang E, Chen X. Development of an electron momentum spectrometer for time-resolved experiments employing nanosecond pulsed electron beam. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:033101. [PMID: 29604728 DOI: 10.1063/1.5018665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The low count rate of (e, 2e) electron momentum spectroscopy (EMS) has long been a major limitation of its application to the investigation of molecular dynamics. Here we report a new EMS apparatus developed for time-resolved experiments in the nanosecond time scale, in which a double toroidal energy analyzer is utilized to improve the sensitivity of the spectrometer and a nanosecond pulsed electron gun with a repetition rate of 10 kHz is used to obtain an average beam current up to nA. Meanwhile, a picosecond ultraviolet laser with a repetition rate of 5 kHz is introduced to pump the sample target. The time zero is determined by photoionizing the target using a pump laser and monitoring the change of the electron beam current with time delay between the laser pulse and electron pulse, which is influenced by the plasma induced by the photoionization. The performance of the spectrometer is demonstrated by the EMS measurement on argon using a pulsed electron beam, illustrating the potential abilities of the apparatus for investigating the molecular dynamics in excited states when employing the pump-probe scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguo Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xu Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shanshan Niu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Enliang Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Imaging molecular geometry with electron momentum spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39351. [PMID: 28004794 PMCID: PMC5177885 DOI: 10.1038/srep39351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron momentum spectroscopy is a unique tool for imaging orbital-specific electron density of molecule in momentum space. However, the molecular geometry information is usually veiled due to the single-centered character of momentum space wavefunction of molecular orbital (MO). Here we demonstrate the retrieval of interatomic distances from the multicenter interference effect revealed in the ratios of electron momentum profiles between two MOs with symmetric and anti-symmetric characters. A very sensitive dependence of the oscillation period on interatomic distance is observed, which is used to determine F-F distance in CF4 and O-O distance in CO2 with sub-Ångström precision. Thus, using one spectrometer, and in one measurement, the electron density distributions of MOs and the molecular geometry information can be obtained simultaneously. Our approach provides a new robust tool for imaging molecules with high precision and has potential to apply to ultrafast imaging of molecular dynamics if combined with ultrashort electron pulses in the future.
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Zhao MF, Shan X, Yang J, Wang EL, Niu SS, Chen XJ. Observation of Interference Effects in (e, 2e) Electron Momentum Spectroscopy of SF6. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/28/cjcp1508168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Shi Y, Shan X, Wang E, Yang H, Zhang W, Chen X. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on the Outer Valence Electronic Structure of Cyclopropylamine by (e, 2e) Electron Momentum Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:4484-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503198r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information
and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xu Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information
and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Enliang Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information
and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hongjiang Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information
and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information
and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information
and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Zhang Z, Shan X, Wang T, Wang E, Chen X. Observation of the interference effect in vibrationally resolved electron momentum spectroscopy of H2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:023204. [PMID: 24484009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.023204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement on vibrationally resolved electron momentum spectroscopy of H2 by using a high-resolution (e, 2e) spectrometer. The vibrational-specific experimental momentum profiles have been obtained and shown to be in agreement with calculations of (e, 2e) ionization cross sections taking into account the vibrational wave functions. Distinct deviations from Franck-Condon predictions have been observed in vibrational ratios of cross sections, which can readily be ascribed to the Young-type two-center interference. Unlike previous (e, 2e) work, the present observation of an interference effect does not rely on the comparison with the one-center atomic cross section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xu Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Enliang Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Builth-Williams JD, Bellm SM, Chiari L, Thorn PA, Jones DB, Chaluvadi H, Madison DH, Ning CG, Lohmann B, da Silva GB, Brunger MJ. A dynamical (e,2e) investigation of the structurally related cyclic ethers tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, and 1,4-dioxane. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:034306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4813237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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