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Gravina S, Chishti NA, Di Bernardo S, Fasci E, Castrillo A, Laliotis A, Gianfrani L. Comb-Referenced Doppler-Free Spectrometry of the ^{200}Hg and ^{202}Hg Intercombination Line at 254 nm. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:213001. [PMID: 38856258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.213001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We report on precision spectroscopy of the 6s^{2} ^{1}S_{0}→6s6p ^{3}P_{1} intercombination line of mercury in the deep ultraviolet, by means of a frequency-comb referenced, wavelength-modulated, saturated absorption technique. This method allowed us to perform sub-Doppler investigations with an absolute frequency axis at 254 nm, while ensuring a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio. The absolute line center frequencies of the ^{200}Hg and ^{202}Hg bosonic isotopes were measured with a global uncertainty of 8 and 15 kHz (namely, 6.8×10^{-12} and 1.3×10^{-11}, in relative terms), respectively, the statistical and systematic components being significantly reduced as compared to past determinations. This remarkable result was achieved also thanks to an in-depth study of the ac Stark effect. Furthermore, we found the most accurate ^{200}Hg-^{202}Hg isotope shift ever obtained before, namely, 5 295 57 0±15_{stat}±8_{syst} kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gravina
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Naveed A Chishti
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Simona Di Bernardo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Eugenio Fasci
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Athanasios Laliotis
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Livio Gianfrani
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Kraus B, Dawel F, Hannig S, Kramer J, Nauk C, Schmidt PO. Phase-stabilized UV light at 267 nm through twofold second harmonic generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:44992-45007. [PMID: 36522911 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Providing phase stable laser light is important to extend the interrogation time of optical clocks towards many seconds and thus achieve small statistical uncertainties. We report a laser system providing more than 50 µW phase-stabilized UV light at 267.4 nm for an aluminium ion optical clock. The light is generated by frequency-quadrupling a fibre laser at 1069.6 nm in two cascaded non-linear crystals, both in single-pass configuration. In the first stage, a 10 mm long PPLN waveguide crystal converts 1 W fundamental light to more than 0.2 W at 534.8 nm. In the following 50 mm long DKDP crystal, more than 50 µW of light at 267.4 nm are generated. An upper limit for the passive short-term phase stability has been measured by a beat-node measurement with an existing phase-stabilized quadrupling system employing the same source laser. The resulting fractional frequency instability of less than 5×10-17 after 1 s supports lifetime-limited probing of the 27Al+ clock transition, given a sufficiently stable laser source. A further improved stability of the fourth harmonic light is expected through interferometric path length stabilisation of the pump light by back-reflecting it through the entire setup and correcting for frequency deviations. The in-loop error signal indicates an electronically limited instability of 1 × 10-18 at 1 s.
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Kędziorski A, Patrick Zobel J, Krośnicki M, Koperski J. Rydberg states of ZnAr complex. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2073282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kędziorski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marek Krośnicki
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Koperski
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Xu G, Jiao D, Chen L, Zhang L, Dong R, Liu T, Wang J. Vibration modes of a transportable optical cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:24264-24277. [PMID: 34614675 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many factors still need to be evaluated to fully understand the physical mechanisms determining optical cavity vibration, which are crucial for designing and constructing a transportable ultra-stable laser. Herein, a detailed dynamic analysis is used to characterize the vibration modes of a transportable optical cavity. The first five resonance modes are identified in the presence of a cavity support, and the guidelines to achieve a high first-order resonance frequency are proposed; thereby, high robustness is described using a 50 mm length optical cavity. The results demonstrate that the first-order resonance of up to 681 Hz with a gross weight of 2.51 kg can be achieved using an optimization strategy for given cavity support. The theoretical results are consistent with simulation and experiment. With the optimal group, a 1.34 Hz linewidth transportable ultra-stable laser at 1550 nm is established, and a linewidth of 1.5 Hz and frequency instability of 9.5×10-15@1s are obtained after the test including 100 km actual road transportation and 34 min continuous vibration. The test condition is equivalent to ∼ 1000 km road transportation. Our method can be readily extended to other transportable optical cavities, providing a powerful tool for improving the robustness of vibration, particularly important for transportable environments.
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Gogyan A, Tecmer P, Zawada M. Multi-reference ab initio calculations of Hg spectral data and analysis of magic and zero-magic wavelengths. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:8654-8665. [PMID: 33820308 DOI: 10.1364/oe.416106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have identified magic wavelengths for 1S0 ↔ 3P1,2 (mJ = 0) transitions and zero-magic wavelengths for the 3P1,2 (mJ = 0) states of 200Hg atoms, analysed the robustness of the magic conditions with respect to wavelength and polarization imperfections. We show that the most experimentally feasible magic wavelength for the 1S0 ↔ 3P2 transition is 351.8 nm of π polarized light. Relevant transition wavelengths and transition strengths are calculated using the state-of-the-art Complete Active Space Self-Consistent-Field (CASSCF) method with a perturbative inclusion of spin-orbit coupling. The transition wavelengths are a posteriori corrected for the dynamical energy using the second-order perturbation theory.
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Yamaguchi A, Safronova MS, Gibble K, Katori H. Narrow-line Cooling and Determination of the Magic Wavelength of Cd. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:113201. [PMID: 31573273 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically determine the magic wavelength of the (5s^{2})^{1}S_{0}-(5s5p)^{3}P_{0} clock transition of ^{111}Cd to be 419.88(14) and 420.1(7) nm. To perform Lamb-Dicke spectroscopy of the clock transition, we use narrow-line laser cooling on the ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{1} transition to cool the atoms to 6 μK and load them into an optical lattice. Cadmium is an attractive candidate for optical lattice clocks because it has a small sensitivity to blackbody radiation and its efficient narrow-line cooling mitigates higher order light shifts. We calculate the blackbody shift, including the dynamic correction, to be fractionally 2.83(8)×10^{-16} at 300 K, an order of magnitude smaller than that of Sr and Yb. We also report calculations of the Cd ^{1}P_{1} lifetime and the ground state C_{6} coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yamaguchi
- Quantum Metrology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Space-Time Engineering Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Gibble
- Quantum Metrology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - H Katori
- Quantum Metrology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Space-Time Engineering Research Team, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Shi L, Andrade JRC, Tajalli A, Geng J, Yi J, Heidenblut T, Segerink FB, Babushkin I, Kholodtsova M, Merdji H, Bastiaens B, Morgner U, Kovacev M. Generating Ultrabroadband Deep-UV Radiation and Sub-10 nm Gap by Hybrid-Morphology Gold Antennas. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4779-4786. [PMID: 31244236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the interaction between hybrid-morphology gold optical antennas and a few-cycle Ti:sapphire laser up to ablative intensities, demonstrating rich nonlinear plasmonic effects and promising applications in coherent frequency upconversion and nanofabrication technology. The two-dimensional array of hybrid antennas consists of elliptical apertures combined with bowties in its minor axis. The plasmonic resonance frequency of the bowties is red-shifted with respect to the laser central frequency and thus mainly enhances the third harmonic spectrum at long wavelengths. The gold film between two neighboring elliptical apertures forms an hourglass-shaped structure, which acts as a "plasmonic lens" and thus strongly reinforces surface currents into a small area. This enhanced surface current produces a rotating magnetic field that deeply penetrates into the substrate. At resonant frequency, the magnetic field is further intensified by the bowties. The resonant frequency of the hourglass is blueshifted with respect to the laser central frequency. Consequently, it spectacularly extends the third harmonic spectrum toward short wavelengths. The resultant third harmonic signal ranges from 230 to 300 nm, much broader than the emission from a sapphire crystal. In addition, the concentration of surface current within the neck of the hourglass antenna results in a structural modification through laser ablation, producing sub-10 nm sharp metallic gaps. Moreover, after laser illumination the optical field hotspots are imprinted around the antennas, allowing us to confirm the subwavelength enhancement of the electric near-field intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shi
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
| | - José R C Andrade
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
| | - Ayhan Tajalli
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
| | - Jiao Geng
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
| | - Juemin Yi
- Institute of Physics and Center of Interface Science , Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg , 26129 , Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Torsten Heidenblut
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Institute of Materials Science , Leibniz University Hannover , An der University 2 , 30823 , Garbsen, Hannover Germany
| | - Frans B Segerink
- Optical Sciences, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Ihar Babushkin
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
| | - Maria Kholodtsova
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS , Universite Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay 91191 , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Hamed Merdji
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS , Universite Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay 91191 , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Bert Bastiaens
- Laser Physics and Nonlinear Optics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , 7500AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Morgner
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
| | - Milutin Kovacev
- Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
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Akamatsu D, Kobayashi T, Hisai Y, Tanabe T, Hosaka K, Yasuda M, Hong FL. Dual-Mode Operation of an Optical Lattice Clock Using Strontium and Ytterbium Atoms. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2018; 65:1069-1075. [PMID: 29856725 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2018.2819888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an optical lattice clock that can operate in dual modes: a strontium (Sr) clock mode and an ytterbium (Yb) clock mode. Dual-mode operation of the Sr-Yb optical lattice clock is achieved by alternately cooling and trapping 87Sr and 171Yb atoms inside the vacuum chamber of the clock. Optical lattices for Sr and Yb atoms were arranged with horizontal and vertical configurations, respectively, resulting in a small distance of the order of between the trapped Sr and Yb atoms. The 1S0-3P0 clock transitions in the trapped atoms were interrogated in turn and the clock lasers were stabilized to the transitions. We demonstrated the frequency ratio measurement of the Sr and Yb clock transitions by using the dual-mode operation of the Sr-Yb optical lattice clock. The dual-mode operation can reduce the uncertainty of the blackbody radiation shift in the frequency ratio measurement, because both Sr and Yb atoms share the same blackbody radiation.
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Nakamura T, Ito I, Kobayashi Y. Offset-free broadband Yb:fiber optical frequency comb for optical clocks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:19376-19381. [PMID: 26367597 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.019376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a passively offset-frequency stabilized optical frequency comb centered at 1060 nm. The offset-free comb was achieved through difference frequency generation (DFG) between two portions of a supercontinuum based on a Yb:fiber laser. As the DFG comb had only one degree of freedom, repetition frequency, full stabilization was achieved via locking one of the modes to an ultra-stable continuous wave (CW) laser. The DFG comb provided sufficient average power to enable further amplification, using Yb-doped fiber amplifier, and spectral broadening. The spectrum spanned from 690 nm to 1300 nm and the average power was of several hundred mW, which could be ideal for the comparison of optical clocks, such as optical lattice clocks operated with Sr (698 nm) and Hg (1063 nm) reference atoms.
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McFerran JJ, Magalhães DV, Mandache C, Millo J, Zhang W, Le Coq Y, Santarelli G, Bize S. Laser locking to the 199Hg 1S0-3P0 clock transition with 5.4 × 10(-15)/✓τ fractional frequency instability. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:3477-3479. [PMID: 22940921 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.003477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With 199Hg atoms confined in an optical lattice trap in the Lamb-Dicke regime, we obtain a spectral line at 265.6 nm for which the FWHM is ~15 Hz. Here we lock an ultrastable laser to this ultranarrow 1S0-3P0 clock transition and achieve a fractional frequency instability of 5.4×10(-15)/✓τ for τ ≤ 400 s. The highly stable laser light used for the atom probing is derived from a 1062.6 nm fiber laser locked to an ultrastable optical cavity that exhibits a mean drift rate of -6.0×10(-17) s(-1) (-16.9 mHz s(-1) at 282 THz) over a six month period. A comparison between two such lasers locked to independent optical cavities shows a flicker noise limited fractional frequency instability of 4×10(-16) per cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J McFerran
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Paris, France.
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