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Li T, Deng S, Liu H, Chen J. Insights into Strain Engineering: From Ferroelectrics to Related Functional Materials and Beyond. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7045-7105. [PMID: 38754042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Ferroelectrics have become indispensable components in various application fields, including information processing, energy harvesting, and electromechanical conversion, owing to their unique ability to exhibit electrically or mechanically switchable polarization. The distinct polar noncentrosymmetric lattices of ferroelectrics make them highly responsive to specific crystal structures. Even slight changes in the lattice can alter the polarization configuration and response to external fields. In this regard, strain engineering has emerged as a prevalent regulation approach that not only offers a versatile platform for structural and performance optimization within ferroelectrics but also unlocks boundless potential in various functional materials. In this review, we systematically summarize the breakthroughs in ferroelectric-based functional materials achieved through strain engineering and progress in method development. We cover research activities ranging from fundamental attributes to wide-ranging applications and novel functionalities ranging from electromechanical transformation in sensors and actuators to tunable dielectric materials and information technologies, such as transistors and nonvolatile memories. Building upon these achievements, we also explore the endeavors to uncover the unprecedented properties through strain engineering in related chemical functionalities, such as ferromagnetism, multiferroicity, and photoelectricity. Finally, through discussions on the prospects and challenges associated with strain engineering in the materials, this review aims to stimulate the development of new methods for strain regulation and performance boosting in functional materials, transcending the boundaries of ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiqing Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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2
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Wu Y, Jiang P, Yang T. Rational design, crystal structure, and frustrated magnetism of the Ge-containing YbFe 2O 4-type layered oxides In 2Zn 3-xCo xGeO 8 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3). Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37365940 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01293j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
YbFe2O4-type layered oxides have attracted tremendous interest because the unique crystal comprises two distinct geometrically frustrated triangular cation-sublattices. Herein, a series of YbFe2O4-type materials In2Zn3-xCoxGeO8 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) were rationally designed and experimentally synthesized for the first time. The crystal structures of In2Zn3-xCoxGeO8 were investigated comprehensively by Rietveld refinements against high-resolution monochromatic Cu Kα1 XRD data. Zn2+, Co2+, and Ge4+ cations are distributed randomly on the [MO]2 bilayer and possess a trigonal bipyramid (TBP) coordination geometry. Because Co2+ has an unpaired electron in the dz2 orbital and a larger electronegativity than Zn2+, Co2+-to-Zn2+ equivalent substitution in In2Zn3-xCoxGeO8 results in more compact MO5-TBPs, which is the origin of anisotropic lattice expansion and contraction along the a and c axes, respectively. The Co2+ moments in the [MO]2 bilayer are strongly AFM coupled and geometrically frustrated, therefore resulting in a spin-glass magnetic transition at around Tg = 20 K for In2ZnCo2GeO8, while a long-range AFM ordering is established for In2Co3GeO8 with a Néel temperature of 53 K, attributed to the significantly enhanced AFM interactions and increased In3+/Co2+ anti-site disordering, as compared to those in In2ZnCo2GeO8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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3
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Kocsis V, Tokunaga Y, Rõõm T, Nagel U, Fujioka J, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y, Bordács S. Spin-Lattice and Magnetoelectric Couplings Enhanced by Orbital Degrees of Freedom in Polar Multiferroic Semiconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:036801. [PMID: 36763405 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.036801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Orbital degrees of freedom mediating an interaction between spin and lattice were predicted to raise strong magnetoelectric effect, i.e., to realize an efficient coupling between magnetic and ferroelectric orders. However, the effect of orbital fluctuations has been considered only in a few magnetoelectric materials, as orbital-degeneracy driven Jahn-Teller effect rarely couples to polarization. Here, we explore the spin-lattice coupling in multiferroic Swedenborgites with mixed valence and Jahn-Teller active transition metal ions on a stacked triangular and Kagome lattice using infrared and dielectric spectroscopy. On one hand, in CaBaM_{4}O_{7} (M=Co, Fe), we observe a strong magnetic-order-induced shift in the phonon frequencies and a corresponding large change in the dielectric response. Remarkably, as an unusual manifestation of the spin-phonon coupling, the spin fluctuations reduce the phonon lifetime by one order of magnitude at the magnetic phase transitions. On the other hand, lattice vibrations, dielectric response, and electric polarization show no variation at the Néel temperature of CaBaFe_{2}Co_{2}O_{7}, which is built up by orbital singlet ions. Our results provide a showcase for orbital degrees of freedom enhanced magnetoelectric coupling via the example of Swedenborgites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kocsis
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institut für Festkörperforschung, Leibniz IFW-Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yusuke Tokunaga
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Toomas Rõõm
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Urmas Nagel
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jun Fujioka
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Taguchi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo College and Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Sándor Bordács
- Department of Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Quantum Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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4
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Unusual solid-state transformations in LuFe2O4 films during their synthesis via MOCVD with further reduction. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Cheng S, Li X, Xu C, Liu Y, Beleggia M, Wu L, Wang W, Petrovic C, Bellaiche L, Tao J, Zhu Y. Coexistence and Coupling of Multiple Charge Orderings and Spin States in Hexagonal Ferrite. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5782-5787. [PMID: 34170143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between charge and spin orderings in strongly correlated systems plays a crucial role in fundamental physics and device applications. As a candidate of multiferroic materials, LuFe2O4 with a nominal Fe2.5+ valence state has the potential for strong charge-spin interactions; however, these interactions have not been fully understood until now. Here, combining complementary characterization methods with theoretical calculations, two types of charge orderings with distinct magnetic properties are revealed. The ground states of LuFe2O4 are decided by the parallel/antiparallel coupling of both charge and spin orderings in the adjacent FeO double layers. Whereas the ferroelectric charge ordering remains ferrimagnetic below 230 K, the antiferroelectric ordering undergoes antiferromagnetic-ferrimagnetic-paramagnetic transitions from 2 K to room temperature. This study demonstrates the unique aspects of strong spin-charge coupling within LuFe2O4. Our results shed light on the coexistence and competing nature of orderings in quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Cheng
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Changsong Xu
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Marco Beleggia
- DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Laurent Bellaiche
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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Nguyen T, Fleming Y, Bender P, Grysan P, Valle N, El Adib B, Adjeroud N, Arl D, Emo M, Ghanbaja J, Michels A, Polesel-Maris J. Low-Temperature Growth of AlN Films on Magnetostrictive Foils for High-Magnetoelectric-Response Thin-Film Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30874-30884. [PMID: 34157227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a strong ME effect in thin-film composites consisting of nickel, iron, or cobalt foils and 550 nm thick AlN films grown by PE-ALD at a (low) temperature of 250 °C and ensuring isotropic and highly conformal coating profiles. The AlN film quality and the interface between the film and the foils are meticulously investigated by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and the adhesion test. An interface (transition) layer of partially amorphous AlxOy/AlOxNy with thicknesses of 10 and 20 nm, corresponding to the films grown on Ni, Fe, and Co foils, is revealed. The AlN film is found to be composed of a mixture of amorphous and nanocrystalline grains at the interface. However, its crystallinity is improved as the film grew and shows a highly preferred (002) orientation. High self-biased ME coefficients (αME at a zero-bias magnetic field) of 3.3, 2.7, and 3.1 V·cm-1·Oe-1 are achieved at an off-resonance frequency of 46 Hz in AlN/Ni thin-film composites with different Ni foil thicknesses of 7.5, 15, and 30 μm, respectively. In addition, magnetoelectric measurements have also been carried out in composites made of 550 nm thick films grown on 12.5 μm thick Fe and 15 μm thick Co foils. The maximum magnetoelectric coefficients of AlN/Fe and AlN/Co composites are 0.32 and 0.12 V·cm-1·Oe-1, measured at 46 Hz at a bias magnetic field (Hdc) of 6 and 200 Oe, respectively. The difference of magnetoelectric transducing responses of each composite is discussed according to interface analysis. We report a maximum delivered power density of 75 nW/cm3 for the AlN/Ni composite with a load resistance of 200 kΩ to address potential energy harvesting and electromagnetic sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Nguyen
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Campus Limpertsberg, 162 Avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Yves Fleming
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Philipp Bender
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Campus Limpertsberg, 162 Avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick Grysan
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Valle
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Brahime El Adib
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Noureddine Adjeroud
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Didier Arl
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Mélanie Emo
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jaafar Ghanbaja
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Andreas Michels
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Campus Limpertsberg, 162 Avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jérôme Polesel-Maris
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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7
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Direct evidence of electronic ferroelectricity in YbFe 2O 4 using neutron diffraction and nonlinear spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4277. [PMID: 33608561 PMCID: PMC7896071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first observation of room temperature spontaneous electric polarization in an electronic ferroelectric material, a YbFe2O4 single crystal. The observation was based on second harmonic generation (SHG), a nonlinear optical process. Tensor analysis of the SHG signal revealed that this material has a polar charge superstructure with Cm symmetry. This result settles the long-term discussion on the uncertainty about electronic ferroelectric properties, including the charge order structure. We present a complete picture of the polar charge ordering of this material via consistent results from two different characterization methods. The SHG signal shows the same temperature dependence as the superlattice signal observed in neutron diffraction experiments. These results prove ferroelectric coupling to electron ordering in YbFe2O4, which results in electronic ferroelectricity which is enabled by the real space ordering of iron cations with different valences. The existence of electronic ferroelectricity holds promise for future electronics technologies where devices run a thousand times faster than frequency of the present CPU (a few gigahertz) embedded in smartphones, etc.
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Abstract
Abstract
The realization that materials with coexisting magnetic and ferroelectric order open up efficient ways to control magnetism by electric fields unites scientists from different communities in the effort to explore the phenomenon of multiferroics. Following a tremendous development, the field has now gained some maturity. In this article, we give a succinct review of the history of this exciting class of materials and its evolution from “ferroelectromagnets” to “multiferroics” and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lottermoser
- Department of Materials , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 , Zurich , ZH 8093 , Switzerland
| | - Dennis Meier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Sem Sælandsvei 12 , Trondheim 7034 , Norway
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9
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Fan S, Das H, Rébola A, Smith KA, Mundy J, Brooks C, Holtz ME, Muller DA, Fennie CJ, Ramesh R, Schlom DG, McGill S, Musfeldt JL. Site-specific spectroscopic measurement of spin and charge in (LuFeO 3) m/(LuFe 2O 4) 1 multiferroic superlattices. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5582. [PMID: 33149138 PMCID: PMC7642375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Interface materials offer a means to achieve electrical control of ferrimagnetism at room temperature as was recently demonstrated in (LuFeO3)m/(LuFe2O4)1 superlattices. A challenge to understanding the inner workings of these complex magnetoelectric multiferroics is the multitude of distinct Fe centres and their associated environments. This is because macroscopic techniques characterize average responses rather than the role of individual iron centres. Here, we combine optical absorption, magnetic circular dichroism and first-principles calculations to uncover the origin of high-temperature magnetism in these superlattices and the charge-ordering pattern in the m = 3 member. In a significant conceptual advance, interface spectra establish how Lu-layer distortion selectively enhances the Fe2+ → Fe3+ charge-transfer contribution in the spin-up channel, strengthens the exchange interactions and increases the Curie temperature. Comparison of predicted and measured spectra also identifies a non-polar charge ordering arrangement in the LuFe2O4 layer. This site-specific spectroscopic approach opens the door to understanding engineered materials with multiple metal centres and strong entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Fan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Hena Das
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, 4259 Nagatesuta, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Alejandro Rébola
- Instituto de Física Rosario-CONICET, Boulevard 27 de Febrero 210 bis, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Kevin A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Julia Mundy
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Charles Brooks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Megan E Holtz
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Craig J Fennie
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Stephen McGill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Janice L Musfeldt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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Li M, Tan H, Duan W. Hexagonal rare-earth manganites and ferrites: a review of improper ferroelectricity, magnetoelectric coupling, and unusual domain walls. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14415-14432. [PMID: 32584340 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hexagonal rare-earth manganites and ferrites are well-known improper ferroelectrics with low-temperature antiferromagnetism/weak ferromagnetism. In recent decades, new multi-functional device concepts and applications have provoked the exploration for multiferroics which simultaneously possess ferroelectric and magnetic orders. As a promising platform for multiferroicity, hexagonal manganites and ferrites are attracting great research interest among the fundamental scientific and technological communities. Moreover, the novel type of vortex-like ferroelectric domain walls are locked to the antiphase structural domain walls, providing an extra degree of freedom to tune the magnetoelectric coupling and other properties such as conductance. Here, we summarize the main experimental achievements and up-to-date theoretical understanding of the ferroelectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties, as well as the intriguing domain patterns in hexagonal rare-earth manganites and ferrites. Recent work on non-stoichiometric compounds will also be briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglei Li
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Hengxin Tan
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wenhui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Zhang L, Zheng D, Fan L, Wang J, Kim M, Wang J, Wang H, Xing X, Tian J, Chen J. Controllable Ferromagnetism in Super-tetragonal PbTiO 3 through Strain Engineering. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:881-886. [PMID: 31887059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The coupling strain in nanoscale systems can achieve control of the physical properties in functional materials, such as ferromagnets, ferroelectrics, and superconductors. Here, we directly demonstrate the atomic-scale structure of super-tetragonal PbTiO3 nanocomposite epitaxial thin films, including the extraordinary coupling of strain transition and the existence of the oxygen vacancies. Large strain gradients, both longitudinal and transverse (∼3 × 107 m-1), have been observed. The original non-magnetic ferroelectric composites notably evoke ferromagnetic properties, derived from the combination of Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies. The saturation ferromagnetic moment can be controlled by the strain of both the interphase and substrate, optimized to a high value of ∼55 emu/cc in 10-nm thick nanocomposite epitaxial thin films on the LaAlO3 substrate. Strain engineering provides a route to explore multiferroic systems in conventional non-magnetic ferroelectric oxides and to create functional data storage devices from both ferroelectrics and ferromagnetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxing Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Dongxing Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Processing Technology, School of Science , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Longlong Fan
- College of Physics and Materials Science , Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin 300387 , China
| | - Jinguo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Moon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Jiaou Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Huanhua Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xianran Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jianjun Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
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12
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Abstract
Single crystalline magnetite Fe 3 O 4 was investigated at low temperatures in the charge ordered state by electric measurements and time-resolved diffraction with voltage applied in-situ. Dielectric spectroscopy indicates relaxor ferroelectric characteristics, with polarization switching observably only at sufficiently low temperatures and in a suitably chosen time-window. PUND measurements with a ms time scale indicate a switchable polarization of about 0 . 6 μ C / cm 2 . Significant switching occurs only above a threshold field of about 3 kV / mm , and it occurs with a time delay of about 20 μ s . The time-resolved diffraction experiment yields, for sufficiently high voltage pulses, a systematic variation by about 0 . 1 % of the intensity of the ( 2 , 2 ¯ , 10 ¯ ) Bragg reflection, which is attributed to structural switching of domains of the non-centrosymmetric C c structure to its inversion twins, providing proof of intrinsic ferroelectricity in charge ordered magnetite.
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13
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Co-emergence of magnetic order and structural fluctuations in magnetite. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2857. [PMID: 31253806 PMCID: PMC6599026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the Verwey transition occurring at TV ≈ 125 K in magnetite (Fe3O4) has been an outstanding problem over many decades. A complex low temperature electronic order was recently discovered and associated structural fluctuations persisting above TV are widely reported, but the origin of the underlying correlations and hence of the Verwey transition remains unclear. Here we show that local structural fluctuations in magnetite emerge below the Curie transition at TC ≈ 850 K, through X-ray pair distribution function analysis. Around 80% of the low temperature correlations emerge in proportion to magnetization below TC. This confirms that fluctuations in Fe-Fe bonding arising from magnetic order are the primary electronic instability and hence the origin of the Verwey transition. Such hidden instabilities may be important to other spin-polarised conductors and orbitally degenerate materials.
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14
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Deng S, Wu L, Cheng H, Zheng JC, Cheng S, Li J, Wang W, Shen J, Tao J, Zhu J, Zhu Y. Charge-Lattice Coupling in Hole-Doped LuFe_{2}O_{4+δ}: The Origin of Second-Order Modulation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:126401. [PMID: 30978042 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding singularities in ordered structures, such as dislocations in lattice modulation and solitons in charge ordering, offers great opportunities to disentangle the interactions between the electronic degrees of freedom and the lattice. Specifically, a modulated structure has traditionally been expressed in the form of a discrete Fourier series with a constant phase and amplitude for each component. Here, we report atomic scale observation and analysis of a new modulation wave in hole-doped LuFe_{2}O_{4+δ} that requires significant modifications to the conventional modeling of ordered structures. This new modulation with an unusual quasiperiodic singularity can be accurately described only by introducing a well-defined secondary modulation vector in both the phase and amplitude parameter spaces. Correlated with density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations, our results reveal that those singularities originate from the discontinuity of lattice displacement induced by interstitial oxygen in the system. The approach of our work is applicable to a wide range of ordered systems, advancing our understanding of the nature of singularity and modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Lijun Wu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Cheng Zheng
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Institute of Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tao
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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15
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Spaldin NA, Ramesh R. Advances in magnetoelectric multiferroics. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:203-212. [PMID: 30783227 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of magnetic properties by an electric field in magnetoelectric multiferroic materials has driven significant research activity, with the goal of realizing their transformative technological potential. Here, we review progress in the fundamental understanding and design of new multiferroic materials, advances in characterization and modelling tools to describe them, and the exploration of devices and applications. Focusing on the translation of the many scientific breakthroughs into technological innovations, we identify the key open questions in the field where targeted research activities could have maximum impact in transitioning scientific discoveries into real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Spaldin
- Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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16
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17
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Mundy JA, Brooks CM, Holtz ME, Moyer JA, Das H, Rébola AF, Heron JT, Clarkson JD, Disseler SM, Liu Z, Farhan A, Held R, Hovden R, Padgett E, Mao Q, Paik H, Misra R, Kourkoutis LF, Arenholz E, Scholl A, Borchers JA, Ratcliff WD, Ramesh R, Fennie CJ, Schiffer P, Muller DA, Schlom DG. Atomically engineered ferroic layers yield a room-temperature magnetoelectric multiferroic. Nature 2016; 537:523-7. [DOI: 10.1038/nature19343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Observation of momentum-resolved charge fluctuations proximate to the charge-order phase using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23611. [PMID: 27021464 PMCID: PMC4817204 DOI: 10.1038/srep23611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In strongly correlated electron systems, enhanced fluctuations in the proximity of the ordered states of electronic degrees of freedom often induce anomalous electronic properties such as unconventional superconductivity. While spin fluctuations in the energy-momentum space have been studied widely using inelastic neutron scattering, other degrees of freedom, i.e., charge and orbital, have hardly been explored thus far. Here, we use resonant inelastic x-ray scattering to observe charge fluctuations proximate to the charge-order phase in transition metal oxides. In the two-leg ladder of Sr14−xCaxCu24O41, charge fluctuations are enhanced at the propagation vector of the charge order (qCO) when the order is melted by raising temperature or by doping holes. In contrast, charge fluctuations are observed not only at qCO but also at other momenta in a geometrically frustrated triangular bilayer lattice of LuFe2O4. The observed charge fluctuations have a high energy (~1 eV), suggesting that the Coulomb repulsion between electrons plays an important role in the formation of the charge order.
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19
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Ikeda N, Nagata T, Kano J, Mori S. Present status of the experimental aspect of RFe₂O₄ study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:053201. [PMID: 25603817 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/5/053201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We give a brief review of the experimental research on a triangular mixed valence iron oxide RFe2O4 (R = Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc or In). Interest in this material has been increasing every year because of the fascinating but complicated interaction between spin, charge and the orbital state of iron ions in frustrated geometry. Reports collected in this review cover experimental research on crystallography, chemical analysis, bulk and thin film preparation, magnetic, dielectric, diffraction with neutrons, x-ray and electron, optical and x-ray absorption, Mössbauer spectroscopy and other methods that incorporate the use of modern scientific technology and knowledge. The report mainly focuses on experimental facts since 1990 on which an early review by Siratori has been published (Kimizuka et al 1990 Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths vol 13, ed K A Gschneidner Jr and L Eyring (Amsterdam: North-Holland/Elsevier) pp 283-384).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshi Ikeda
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama City, 700-8530, Japan
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20
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Manimuthu P, Vidya R, Ravindran P, Fjellvåg H, Venkateswaran C. Observation of direct magneto-dielectric behaviour in Lu3Fe5O12−δ above room-temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:17688-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02719e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancy created an intrinsic magneto-dielectric effect in Lu3Fe5O12.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Manimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Physics
- University of Madras
- Chennai-600 025
- India
| | - R. Vidya
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences
- Chennai-600 113
- India
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- Department of Chemistry
| | - P. Ravindran
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - H. Fjellvåg
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- N-0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - C. Venkateswaran
- Department of Nuclear Physics
- University of Madras
- Chennai-600 025
- India
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21
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Singh K, Simon C, Cannuccia E, Lepetit MB, Corraze B, Janod E, Cario L. Orbital-ordering-driven multiferroicity and magnetoelectric coupling in GeV₄S₈. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:137602. [PMID: 25302917 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.137602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report here the discovery of multiferroicity and large magnetoelectric coupling in the type I orbital order system GeV₄S₈. Our study demonstrates that this clustered compound displays a para-ferroelectric transition at 32 K. This transition originates from an orbital ordering which reorganizes the charge within the transition metal clusters. Below the antiferromagnetic transition at 17 K, the application of a magnetic field significantly affects the ferroelectric polarization, revealing thus a large magnetoelectric coupling. Our study suggests that the application of a magnetic field induces a metamagnetic transition which significantly affects the ferroelectric polarization thanks to an exchange striction phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Singh
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, ENSICAEN, 6 Bd. du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Charles Simon
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, ENSICAEN, 6 Bd. du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex 4, France and Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Elena Cannuccia
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Bernadette Lepetit
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France and Institut Néel, CNRS UPR 2940 Département MCBT, 25 avenue des Martyrs, BP 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Benoit Corraze
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la houssinière, BP32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Etienne Janod
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la houssinière, BP32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Laurent Cario
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la houssinière, BP32229, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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22
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Yamauchi K, Barone P. Electronic ferroelectricity induced by charge and orbital orderings. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:103201. [PMID: 24552672 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/10/103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
After the revival of the magnetoelectric effect which took place in the early 2000s, the interest in multiferroic materials displaying simultaneous presence of spontaneous long-range magnetic and dipolar order has motivated an exponential growth of research activity, from both the experimental and theoretical perspectives. Within this context, and relying also on the rigorous formulation of macroscopic polarization as provided by the Berry-phase approach, it has been possible to identify new microscopic mechanisms responsible for the appearance of ferroelectricity. In particular, it has been realized that electronic spin, charge and orbital degrees of freedom may be responsible for the breaking of the space-inversion symmetry, a necessary condition for the appearance of electric polarization, even in centrosymmetric crystal structures. In view of its immediate potential application in magnetoelectric-based devices, many efforts have been made to understand how magnetic orderings may lead to ferroelectric polarization, and to identify candidate materials. On the other hand, the role of charge and orbital degrees of freedom, which have received much less attention, has been predicted to be non-negligible in several cases. Here, we review recent theoretical advances in the field of so-called electronic ferroelectricity, focusing on the possible mechanisms by which charge- and/or orbital-ordering effects may cause the appearance of macroscopic polarization. Generally, a naive distinction can be drawn between materials displaying almost localized electrons and those characterized by a strong covalent character and delocalized electrons. As for the latter, an intuitive understanding of basic mechanisms is provided in the framework of tight-binding model Hamiltonians, which are used to shed light on unusual charge/orbital effects in half-doped manganites, whereas the case of magnetite will be thoroughly discussed in light of recent progress pointing to an electronic origin of its proposed ferroelectric and magnetoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Yamauchi
- ISIR-SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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23
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Calder S, Giblin SR, Parker DR, Deen PP, Ritter C, Stewart JR, Rols S, Fennell T. Neutron scattering and μSR investigations of the low temperature state of LuCuGaO₄. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:356002. [PMID: 23917326 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/35/356002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
LuCuGaO₄ has magnetic Cu(2+) and diamagnetic Ga(3+) ions distributed on a triangular bilayer and is suggested to undergo a spin glass transition at Tg ∼ 0.4 K. Using μSR (muon spin rotation) and neutron scattering measurements, we show that at low temperature the spins form a short range correlated state with spin fluctuations detectable over a wide range of timescales: at 0.05 K magnetic fluctuations can be detected in both the μSR time window and also extending beyond 7 meV in the inelastic neutron scattering response, indicating magnetic fluctuations spanning timescales between ∼10(-5) and ∼10(-10) s. The dynamical susceptibility scales according to the form χ″(ω)T(α), with α = 1, throughout the measured temperature range (0.05-50 K). These effects are associated with quantum fluctuations and some degree of structural disorder in ostensibly quite different materials, including certain heavy fermion alloys, kagome spin liquids, quantum spin glasses, and valence bond glasses. We therefore suggest that LuCuGaO₄ is an interesting model compound for the further examination of disorder and quantum magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Calder
- Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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24
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Niermann D, Waschkowski F, de Groot J, Angst M, Hemberger J. Dielectric properties of charge-ordered LuFe(2)O(4) revisited: the apparent influence of contacts. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:016405. [PMID: 23031121 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.016405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We show results of broadband dielectric measurements on the charge ordered, proposed to be multiferroic material LuFe(2)O(4). The temperature and frequency dependence of the complex permittivity as investigated for temperatures above and below the charge-order transition near T(CO)≈320 K and for frequencies up to 1 GHz can be well described by a standard equivalent-circuit model considering Maxwell-Wagner-type contacts and hopping induced ac conductivity. No pronounced contribution of intrinsic dipolar polarization could be found, and thus the ferroelectric character of the charge order in LuFe(2)O(4) has to be questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Niermann
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Köln, Germany
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