1
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Paschen T, Brückner L, Wu M, Spiecker E, Hommelhoff P. Highly Localized Optical Field Enhancement at Neon Ion Sputtered Tungsten Nanotips. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7114-7119. [PMID: 37470781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
We present laser-driven rescattering of electrons at a nanometric protrusion (nanotip), which is fabricated with an in situ neon ion sputtering technique applied to a tungsten needle tip. Electron energy spectra obtained before and after the sputtering show rescattering features, such as a plateau and high-energy cutoff. Extracting the optical near-field enhancement in both cases, we observe a strong increase of more than 2-fold for the nanotip. Accompanying finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations show a good match with the experimentally extracted near-field strengths. Additionally, high electric field localization for the nanotip is found. The combination of transmission electron microscope imaging of such nanotips and the determination of the near-field enhancement by electron rescattering represent a full characterization of the electric near-field of these intriguing electron emitters. Ultimately, nanotips as small as single nanometers can be produced, which is of utmost interest for electron diffraction experiments and low-emittance electron sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Paschen
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leon Brückner
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mingjian Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Hommelhoff
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Medeghini F, Pettine J, Meyer SM, Murphy CJ, Nesbitt DJ. Regulating and Directionally Controlling Electron Emission from Gold Nanorods with Silica Coatings. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:644-651. [PMID: 34989588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric coatings offer a versatile means of manipulating hot carrier emission from nanoplasmonic systems for emerging nanocatalysis and photocathode applications, with uniform coatings acting as regulators and nonuniform coatings providing directional photocurrent control. However, the mechanisms for electron emission through dense and mesoporous silica (SiO2) coatings require further examination. Here, we present a systematic investigation of photoemission from single gold nanorods as a function of dense versus mesoporous silica coating thicknesses. Studies with dense coatings on gold nanostructures clarify the short (∼1 nm) attenuation length responsible for severely reduced transmission through the silica conduction band. By contrast, mesoporous silica is much more transmissive, and a simple geometric model quantitatively recapitulates the electron escape probability through nanoscopic porous channels. Finally, photoelectron velocity map imaging (VMI) studies of nanorods with coating defects verify that photoemission occurs preferentially through the thinner regions, illustrating new opportunities for designing photocurrent distributions on the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Medeghini
- JILA, University of Colorado─Boulder and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jacob Pettine
- JILA, University of Colorado─Boulder and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado─Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sean M Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David J Nesbitt
- JILA, University of Colorado─Boulder and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado─Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado─Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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3
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Zhou S, Guo X, Chen K, Cole MT, Wang X, Li Z, Dai J, Li C, Dai Q. Optical-Field-Driven Electron Tunneling in Metal-Insulator-Metal Nanojunction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101572. [PMID: 34708551 PMCID: PMC8693043 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical-field driven electron tunneling in nanojunctions has made demonstrable progress toward the development of ultrafast charge transport devices at subfemtosecond time scales, and have evidenced great potential as a springboard technology for the next generation of on-chip "lightwave electronics." Here, the empirical findings on photocurrent the high nonlinearity in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanojunctions driven by ultrafast optical pulses in the strong optical-field regime are reported. In the present MIM device, a 14th power-law scaling is identified, never achieved before in any known solid-state device. This work lays important technological foundations for the development of a new generation of ultracompact and ultrafast electronics devices that operate with suboptical-cycle response times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and DevicesCAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and DevicesCAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and DevicesCAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Matthew Thomas Cole
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of BathBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of PhysicsNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and DevicesCAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for NanotechnologyGuangzhou510700P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Dai
- Department of PhysicsNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Chi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and DevicesCAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and DevicesCAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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4
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Zhou S, Chen K, Cole MT, Li Z, Li M, Chen J, Lienau C, Li C, Dai Q. Ultrafast Electron Tunneling Devices-From Electric-Field Driven to Optical-Field Driven. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101449. [PMID: 34240495 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The search for ever higher frequency information processing has become an area of intense research activity within the micro, nano, and optoelectronics communities. Compared to conventional semiconductor-based diffusive transport electron devices, electron tunneling devices provide significantly faster response times due to near-instantaneous tunneling that occurs at sub-femtosecond timescales. As a result, the enhanced performance of electron tunneling devices is demonstrated, time and again, to reimagine a wide variety of traditional electronic devices with a variety of new "lightwave electronics" emerging, each capable of reducing the electron transport channel transit time down to attosecond timescales. In response to unprecedented rapid progress within this field, here the current state-of-the-art in electron tunneling devices is reviewed, current challenges and opportunities are highlighted, and possible future research directions are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Matthew Thomas Cole
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Zhenjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mo Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Christoph Lienau
- Institut für Physik, Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Chi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Müller M, Martín Sabanés N, Kampfrath T, Wolf M. Phase-Resolved Detection of Ultrabroadband THz Pulses inside a Scanning Tunneling Microscope Junction. ACS PHOTONICS 2020; 7:2046-2055. [PMID: 32851116 PMCID: PMC7441495 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Coupling phase-stable single-cycle terahertz (THz) pulses to scanning tunneling microscope (STM) junctions enables spatiotemporal imaging with femtosecond temporal and Ångstrom spatial resolution. The time resolution achieved in such THz-gated STM is ultimately limited by the subcycle temporal variation of the tip-enhanced THz field acting as an ultrafast voltage pulse, and hence by the ability to feed high-frequency, broadband THz pulses into the junction. Here, we report on the coupling of ultrabroadband (1-30 THz) single-cycle THz pulses from a spintronic THz emitter (STE) into a metallic STM junction. We demonstrate broadband phase-resolved detection of the THz voltage transient directly in the STM junction via THz-field-induced modulation of ultrafast photocurrents. Comparison to the unperturbed far-field THz waveform reveals the antenna response of the STM tip. Despite tip-induced low-pass filtering, frequencies up to 15 THz can be detected in the tip-enhanced near-field, resulting in THz transients with a half-cycle period of 115 fs. We further demonstrate simple polarity control of the THz bias via the STE magnetization and show that up to 2 V THz bias at 1 MHz repetition rate can be achieved in the current setup. Finally, we find a nearly constant THz voltage and waveform over a wide range of tip-sample distances, which by comparison to numerical simulations confirms the quasi-static nature of the THz pulses. Our results demonstrate the suitability of spintronic THz emitters for ultrafast THz-STM with unprecedented bandwidth of the THz bias and provide insight into the femtosecond response of defined nanoscale junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Müller
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Martín Sabanés
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Kampfrath
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Xiong X, Zhou Y, Luo Y, Li X, Bosman M, Ang LK, Zhang P, Wu L. Plasmon-Enhanced Resonant Photoemission Using Atomically Thick Dielectric Coatings. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8806-8815. [PMID: 32567835 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By proposing an atomically thick dielectric coating on a metal nanoemitter, we theoretically show that the optical field tunneling of ultrafast-laser-induced photoemission can occur at an ultralow incident field strength of 0.03 V/nm. This coating strongly confines plasmonic fields and provides secondary field enhancement beyond the geometrical plasmon field enhancement effect, which can substantially reduce the barrier and enable more efficient photoemission. We numerically demonstrate that a 1 nm thick layer of SiO2 around a Au-nanopyramid will enhance the resonant photoemission current density by 2 orders of magnitude, where the transition from multiphoton absorption to optical field tunneling is accessed at an incident laser intensity at least 10 times lower than that of the bare nanoemitter. The effects of the coating properties such as refractive index, thickness, and geometrical settings are studied, and tunable photoemission is numerically demonstrated by using different ultrafast lasers. Our approach can also directly be extended to nonmetal emitters, to-for example-2D material coatings, and to plasmon-induced hot carrier generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiong
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States
| | - Xiang Li
- Leadmicro Nano Technology Co., Ltd, 7 Xingchuang Road, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Michel Bosman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634
| | - Lay Kee Ang
- SUTD-MIT International Design Center, Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States
| | - Lin Wu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632
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7
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Rakhmatov E, Alizadehkhaledi A, Hajisalem G, Gordon R. Bright upconverted emission from light-induced inelastic tunneling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:16497-16510. [PMID: 32549471 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Upconverted light from nanostructured metal surfaces can be produced by harmonic generation and multi-photon luminescence; however, these are very weak processes and require extremely high field intensities to produce a measurable signal. Here we report on bright emission, 5 orders of magnitude greater than harmonic generation, that can be seen from metal tunnel junctions that we believe is due to light-induced inelastic tunneling emission. Like inelastic tunneling light emission, which was recently reported to have 2% conversion efficiency per tunneling event, the emission wavelength recorded varies with the local electric field applied; however, here the field is from a 1560 nm femtosecond pulsed laser source. Finite-difference time-domain simulations of the experimental conditions show the local field is sufficient to generate tunneling-based inelastic light emission in the visible regime. This phenomenon is promising for producing ultrafast upconverted light emission with higher efficiency than conventional nonlinear processes.
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8
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Pettine J, Choo P, Medeghini F, Odom TW, Nesbitt DJ. Plasmonic nanostar photocathodes for optically-controlled directional currents. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1367. [PMID: 32170067 PMCID: PMC7069989 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic nanocathodes offer unique opportunities for optically driving, switching, and steering femtosecond photocurrents in nanoelectronic devices and pulsed electron sources. However, angular photocurrent distributions in nanoplasmonic systems remain poorly understood and are therefore difficult to anticipate and control. Here, we provide a direct momentum-space characterization of multiphoton photoemission from plasmonic gold nanostars and demonstrate all-optical control over these currents. Versatile angular control is achieved by selectively exciting different tips on single nanostars via laser frequency or linear polarization, thereby rotating the tip-aligned directional photoemission as observed with angle-resolved 2D velocity mapping and 3D reconstruction. Classical plasmonic field simulations combined with quantum photoemission theory elucidate the role of surface-mediated nonlinear excitation for plasmonic field enhancements highly concentrated at the sharp tips (Rtip = 3.4 nm). We thus establish a simple mechanism for femtosecond spatiotemporal current control in designer nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pettine
- JILA, University of Colorado Boulder and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Priscilla Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Fabio Medeghini
- JILA, University of Colorado Boulder and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Teri W Odom
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - David J Nesbitt
- JILA, University of Colorado Boulder and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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9
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Cardenas DE, Ostermayr TM, Di Lucchio L, Hofmann L, Kling MF, Gibbon P, Schreiber J, Veisz L. Sub-cycle dynamics in relativistic nanoplasma acceleration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7321. [PMID: 31086214 PMCID: PMC6513988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of light with nanometer-sized solids provides the means of focusing optical radiation to sub-wavelength spatial scales with associated electric field enhancements offering new opportunities for multifaceted applications. We utilize collective effects in nanoplasmas with sub-two-cycle light pulses of extreme intensity to extend the waveform-dependent electron acceleration regime into the relativistic realm, by using 106 times higher intensity than previous works to date. Through irradiation of nanometric tungsten needles, we obtain multi-MeV energy electron bunches, whose energy and direction can be steered by the combined effect of the induced near-field and the laser field. We identified a two-step mechanism for the electron acceleration: (i) ejection within a sub-half-optical-cycle into the near-field from the target at >TVm-1 acceleration fields, and (ii) subsequent acceleration in vacuum by the intense laser field. Our observations raise the prospect of isolating and controlling relativistic attosecond electron bunches, and pave the way for next generation electron and photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Cardenas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Am Couloumbwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - T M Ostermayr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Am Couloumbwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - L Di Lucchio
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - L Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Am Couloumbwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - M F Kling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Am Couloumbwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - P Gibbon
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - J Schreiber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München, Am Couloumbwall 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - L Veisz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Strasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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10
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Aguirregabiria G, Marinica DC, Ludwig M, Brida D, Leitenstorfer A, Aizpurua J, Borisov AG. Dynamics of electron-emission currents in plasmonic gaps induced by strong fields. Faraday Discuss 2019; 214:147-157. [PMID: 30834916 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00158h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of ultrafast electron currents triggered by femtosecond laser pulse irradiation of narrow gaps in a plasmonic dimer is studied using quantum mechanical Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT). The electrons are injected into the gap due to the optical field emission from the surfaces of the metal nanoparticles across the junction. Further evolution of the electron currents in the gap is governed by the locally enhanced electric fields. The combination of TDDFT and classical modelling of the electron trajectories allows us to study the quiver motion of the electrons in the gap region as a function of the Carrier Envelope Phase (CEP) of the incident pulse. In particular, we demonstrate the role of the quiver motion in establishing the CEP-sensitive net electric transport between nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garikoitz Aguirregabiria
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dana-Codruta Marinica
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay - UMR 8214, CNRS-Université Paris Sud, Batiment 520, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Markus Ludwig
- Department of Physics, Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniele Brida
- Department of Physics, Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany and Physics & Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 162a Avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg
| | - Alfred Leitenstorfer
- Department of Physics, Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Andrey G Borisov
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay - UMR 8214, CNRS-Université Paris Sud, Batiment 520, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
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11
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Abstract
Tunneling is the most fundamental quantum mechanical phenomenon with wide-ranging applications. Matter waves such as electrons in solids can tunnel through a one-dimensional potential barrier, e.g. an insulating layer sandwiched between conductors. A general approach to control tunneling currents is to apply voltage across the barrier. Here, we form closed loops of tunneling barriers exposed to external optical control to manipulate ultrafast tunneling electrons. Eddy currents induced by incoming electromagnetic pulses project upon the ring, spatiotemporally changing the local potential. The total tunneling current which is determined by the sum of contributions from all the parts along the perimeter is critically dependent upon the symmetry of the loop and the polarization of the incident fields, enabling full-wave rectification of terahertz pulses. By introducing global geometry and local operation to current-driven circuitry, our work provides a novel platform for ultrafast optoelectronics, macroscopic quantum phenomena, energy harvesting, and multi-functional quantum devices.
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12
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Lehr M, Foerster B, Schmitt M, Krüger K, Sönnichsen C, Schönhense G, Elmers HJ. Momentum Distribution of Electrons Emitted from Resonantly Excited Individual Gold Nanorods. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6606-6612. [PMID: 29052414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron emission by femtosecond laser pulses from individual Au nanorods is studied with a time-of-flight momentum resolving photoemission electron microscope (ToF k-PEEM). The Au nanorods adhere to a transparent indium-tin oxide substrate, allowing for illumination from the rear side at normal incidence. Localized plasmon polaritons are resonantly excited at 800 nm with 100 fs long pulses. The momentum distribution of emitted electrons reveals two distinct emission mechanisms: a coherent multiphoton photoemission process from the optically heated electron gas leads to an isotropic emission distribution. In contrast, an additional emission process resulting from the optical field enhancement at both ends of the nanorod leads to a strongly directional emission parallel to the nanorod's long axis. The relative intensity of both contributions can be controlled by the peak intensity of the incident light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lehr
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Foerster
- Institut für physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School for Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Schmitt
- Institut für physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Krüger
- Institut für physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Sönnichsen
- Institut für physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerd Schönhense
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Elmers
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität , Staudinger Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Ciappina MF, Pérez-Hernández JA, Landsman AS, Okell WA, Zherebtsov S, Förg B, Schötz J, Seiffert L, Fennel T, Shaaran T, Zimmermann T, Chacón A, Guichard R, Zaïr A, Tisch JWG, Marangos JP, Witting T, Braun A, Maier SA, Roso L, Krüger M, Hommelhoff P, Kling MF, Krausz F, Lewenstein M. Attosecond physics at the nanoscale. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:054401. [PMID: 28059773 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa574e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently two emerging areas of research, attosecond and nanoscale physics, have started to come together. Attosecond physics deals with phenomena occurring when ultrashort laser pulses, with duration on the femto- and sub-femtosecond time scales, interact with atoms, molecules or solids. The laser-induced electron dynamics occurs natively on a timescale down to a few hundred or even tens of attoseconds (1 attosecond = 1 as = 10-18 s), which is comparable with the optical field. For comparison, the revolution of an electron on a 1s orbital of a hydrogen atom is ∼152 as. On the other hand, the second branch involves the manipulation and engineering of mesoscopic systems, such as solids, metals and dielectrics, with nanometric precision. Although nano-engineering is a vast and well-established research field on its own, the merger with intense laser physics is relatively recent. In this report on progress we present a comprehensive experimental and theoretical overview of physics that takes place when short and intense laser pulses interact with nanosystems, such as metallic and dielectric nanostructures. In particular we elucidate how the spatially inhomogeneous laser induced fields at a nanometer scale modify the laser-driven electron dynamics. Consequently, this has important impact on pivotal processes such as above-threshold ionization and high-order harmonic generation. The deep understanding of the coupled dynamics between these spatially inhomogeneous fields and matter configures a promising way to new avenues of research and applications. Thanks to the maturity that attosecond physics has reached, together with the tremendous advance in material engineering and manipulation techniques, the age of atto-nanophysics has begun, but it is in the initial stage. We present thus some of the open questions, challenges and prospects for experimental confirmation of theoretical predictions, as well as experiments aimed at characterizing the induced fields and the unique electron dynamics initiated by them with high temporal and spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Ciappina
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines project, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Lee C, Kim ST, Jeong BG, Yun SJ, Song YJ, Lee YH, Park DJ, Jeong MS. Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging of Two-Dimensional Tungsten Disulfide with Optimized Tip Fabrication Process. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40810. [PMID: 28084466 PMCID: PMC5234014 DOI: 10.1038/srep40810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We successfully achieve the tip-enhanced nano Raman scattering images of a tungsten disulfide monolayer with optimizing a fabrication method of gold nanotip by controlling the concentration of etchant in an electrochemical etching process. By applying a square-wave voltage supplied from an arbitrary waveform generator to a gold wire, which is immersed in a hydrochloric acid solution diluted with ethanol at various ratios, we find that both the conical angle and radius of curvature of the tip apex can be varied by changing the ratio of hydrochloric acid and ethanol. We also suggest a model to explain the origin of these variations in the tip shape. From the systematic study, we find an optimal condition for achieving the yield of ~60% with the radius of ~34 nm and the cone angle of ~35°. Using representative tips fabricated under the optimal etching condition, we demonstrate the tip-enhanced Raman scattering experiment of tungsten disulfide monolayer grown by a chemical vapor deposition method with a spatial resolution of ~40 nm and a Raman enhancement factor of ~4,760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanwoo Lee
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Geun Jeong
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joon Yun
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Song
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Jae Park
- Department of Physics, Hallym University, Hallymdaehakgil 1, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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15
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Feist A, Bach N, Rubiano da Silva N, Danz T, Möller M, Priebe KE, Domröse T, Gatzmann JG, Rost S, Schauss J, Strauch S, Bormann R, Sivis M, Schäfer S, Ropers C. Ultrafast transmission electron microscopy using a laser-driven field emitter: Femtosecond resolution with a high coherence electron beam. Ultramicroscopy 2016; 176:63-73. [PMID: 28139341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We present the development of the first ultrafast transmission electron microscope (UTEM) driven by localized photoemission from a field emitter cathode. We describe the implementation of the instrument, the photoemitter concept and the quantitative electron beam parameters achieved. Establishing a new source for ultrafast TEM, the Göttingen UTEM employs nano-localized linear photoemission from a Schottky emitter, which enables operation with freely tunable temporal structure, from continuous wave to femtosecond pulsed mode. Using this emission mechanism, we achieve record pulse properties in ultrafast electron microscopy of 9Å focused beam diameter, 200fs pulse duration and 0.6eV energy width. We illustrate the possibility to conduct ultrafast imaging, diffraction, holography and spectroscopy with this instrument and also discuss opportunities to harness quantum coherent interactions between intense laser fields and free-electron beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Feist
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nora Bach
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nara Rubiano da Silva
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Danz
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Möller
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina E Priebe
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Domröse
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Gregor Gatzmann
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rost
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Schauss
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Strauch
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Bormann
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Murat Sivis
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Schäfer
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Claus Ropers
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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16
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High-energy electron emission from metallic nano-tips driven by intense single-cycle terahertz pulses. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13405. [PMID: 27830701 PMCID: PMC5109587 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrons ejected from atoms and subsequently driven to high energies in strong laser fields enable techniques from attosecond pulse generation to imaging with rescattered electrons. Analogous processes govern strong-field electron emission from nanostructures, where long wavelength radiation and large local field enhancements hold the promise for producing electrons with substantially higher energies, allowing for higher resolution time-resolved imaging. Here we report on the use of single-cycle terahertz pulses to drive electron emission from unbiased nano-tips. Energies exceeding 5 keV are observed, substantially greater than previously attained at higher drive frequencies. Despite large differences in the magnitude of the respective local fields, we find that the maximum electron energies are only weakly dependent on the tip radius, for 10 nm<R<1,000 nm. Due to the single-cycle nature of the field, the high-energy electron emission is predicted to be confined to a single burst, potentially enabling a variety of applications. High-energy electron sources are powerful tools for investigating dynamics at atomic and subatomic scales. Here, Li and Jones demonstrate the terahertz-driven emission of electrons with energies exceeding five kiloelectronvolts from nano-tips and study its dependence on the tip radius.
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17
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Delayed electron emission in strong-field driven tunnelling from a metallic nanotip in the multi-electron regime. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35877. [PMID: 27786287 PMCID: PMC5082369 DOI: 10.1038/srep35877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Illuminating a nano-sized metallic tip with ultrashort laser pulses leads to the emission of electrons due to multiphoton excitations. As optical fields become stronger, tunnelling emission directly from the Fermi level becomes prevalent. This can generate coherent electron waves in vacuum leading to a variety of attosecond phenomena. Working at high emission currents where multi-electron effects are significant, we were able to characterize the transition from one regime to the other. Specifically, we found that the onset of laser-driven tunnelling emission is heralded by the appearance of a peculiar delayed emission channel. In this channel, the electrons emitted via laser-driven tunnelling emission are driven back into the metal, and some of the electrons reappear in the vacuum with some delay time after undergoing inelastic scattering and cascading processes inside the metal. Our understanding of these processes gives insights on attosecond tunnelling emission from solids and should prove useful in designing new types of pulsed electron sources.
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18
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Minai L, Zeidan A, Yeheskely-Hayon D, Yudovich S, Kviatkovsky I, Yelin D. Experimental Proof for the Role of Nonlinear Photoionization in Plasmonic Phototherapy. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4601-7. [PMID: 27266996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Targeting individual cells within a heterogeneous tissue is a key challenge in cancer therapy, encouraging new approaches for cancer treatment that complement the shortcomings of conventional therapies. The highly localized interactions triggered by focused laser beams promise great potential for targeting single cells or small cell clusters; however, most laser-tissue interactions often involve macroscopic processes that may harm healthy nearby tissue and reduce specificity. Specific targeting of living cells using femtosecond pulses and nanoparticles has been demonstrated promising for various potential therapeutic applications including drug delivery via optoporation, drug release, and selective cell death. Here, using an intense resonant femtosecond pulse and cell-specific gold nanorods, we show that at certain irradiation parameters cell death is triggered by nonlinear plasmonic photoionization and not by thermally driven processes. The experimental results are supported by a physical model for the pulse-particle-medium interactions. A good correlation is found between the calculated total number and energy of the generated free electrons and the observed cell death, suggesting that femtosecond photoionization plays the dominant role in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Minai
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Adel Zeidan
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Daniella Yeheskely-Hayon
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Shimon Yudovich
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Inna Kviatkovsky
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Dvir Yelin
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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19
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Vogelsang J, Robin J, Nagy BJ, Dombi P, Rosenkranz D, Schiek M, Groß P, Lienau C. Ultrafast Electron Emission from a Sharp Metal Nanotaper Driven by Adiabatic Nanofocusing of Surface Plasmons. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:4685-91. [PMID: 26061633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report photoelectron emission from the apex of a sharp gold nanotaper illuminated via grating coupling at a distance of 50 μm from the emission site with few-cycle near-infrared laser pulses. We find a fifty-fold increase in electron yield over that for direct apex illumination. Spatial localization of the electron emission to a nanometer-sized region is demonstrated by point-projection microscopic imaging of a silver nanowire. Our results reveal negligible plasmon-induced electron emission from the taper shaft and thus efficient nanofocusing of few-cycle plasmon wavepackets. This novel, remotely driven emission scheme offers a particularly compact source of ultrashort electron pulses of immediate interest for miniaturized electron microscopy and diffraction schemes with ultrahigh time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vogelsang
- †Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- ‡Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Robin
- †Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- ‡Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Benedek J Nagy
- §Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- ∥Institute of Physics, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Dombi
- §Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Rosenkranz
- †Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Schiek
- †Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Petra Groß
- †Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- ‡Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lienau
- †Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- ‡Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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20
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Vogelsang J, Robin J, Piglosiewicz B, Manzoni C, Farinello P, Melzer S, Feru P, Cerullo G, Lienau C, Groß P. High passive CEP stability from a few-cycle, tunable NOPA-DFG system for observation of CEP-effects in photoemission. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:25295-306. [PMID: 25401563 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.025295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of fundamental mechanisms taking place on a femtosecond time scale is enabled by ultrafast pulsed laser sources. Here, the control of pulse duration, center wavelength, and especially the carrier-envelope phase has been shown to be of essential importance for coherent control of high harmonic generation and attosecond physics and, more recently, also for electron photoemission from metallic nanostructures. In this paper we demonstrate the realization of a source of 2-cycle laser pulses tunable between 1.2 and 2.1 μm, and with intrinsic CEP stability. The latter is guaranteed by difference frequency generation between the output pulse trains of two noncollinear optical parametric amplifier stages that share the same CEP variations. The CEP stability is better than 50 mrad over 20 minutes, when averaging over 100 pulses. We demonstrate the good CEP stability by measuring kinetic energy spectra of photoemitted electrons from a single metal nanostructure and by observing a clear variation of the electron yield with the CEP.
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21
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Sivis M, Ropers C. Generation and bistability of a waveguide nanoplasma observed by enhanced extreme-ultraviolet fluorescence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:085001. [PMID: 24010446 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of the highly nonlinear optical excitation of noble gases in tapered hollow waveguides using few-femtosecond laser pulses. The local plasmonic field enhancement induces the generation of a nanometric plasma, resulting in incoherent extreme-ultraviolet fluorescence from optical transitions of neutral and ionized xenon, argon, and neon. Despite sufficient intensity in the waveguide, high-order harmonic generation is not observed. The fluorescent emission exhibits a strong bistability manifest as an intensity hysteresis, giving strong indications for multistep collisional excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Sivis
- IV. Physical Institute, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Dombi P, Hörl A, Rácz P, Márton I, Trügler A, Krenn JR, Hohenester U. Ultrafast strong-field photoemission from plasmonic nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:674-8. [PMID: 23339740 PMCID: PMC3573732 DOI: 10.1021/nl304365e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the ultrafast generation of electrons from tailored metallic nanoparticles and unravel the role of plasmonic field enhancement in this process by comparing resonant and off-resonant particles, as well as different particle geometries. We find that electrons become strongly accelerated within the evanescent fields of the plasmonic nanoparticles and escape along straight trajectories with orientations governed by the particle geometry. These results establish plasmonic nanoparticles as versatile ultrafast, nanoscopic sources of electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Dombi
- Wigner Research
Centre for Physics, Konkoly-Thege M. út 29-33,
1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anton Hörl
- Institut für Physik, Karl-Franzens Universität
Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Péter Rácz
- Wigner Research
Centre for Physics, Konkoly-Thege M. út 29-33,
1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Márton
- Wigner Research
Centre for Physics, Konkoly-Thege M. út 29-33,
1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andreas Trügler
- Institut für Physik, Karl-Franzens Universität
Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Joachim R. Krenn
- Institut für Physik, Karl-Franzens Universität
Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Hohenester
- Institut für Physik, Karl-Franzens Universität
Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
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