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Deng A, Li X, Luo Z, Li Y, Zeng J. Generation of attosecond micro bunched beam using ionization injection in laser wakefield acceleration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:19958-19967. [PMID: 37381400 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Micro bunched electron beams with periodic longitudinal density modulation at optical wavelengths give rise to coherent light emission. In this paper, we show attosecond micro bunched beam generation and acceleration in laser-plasma wakefield via particle-in-cell simulations. Due to the near-threshold ionization with the drive laser, the electrons with phase-dependent distributions are non-linearly mapped to discrete final phase spaces. Electrons can preserve this initial bunching structure during the acceleration, leading to an attosecond electron bunch train after leaving the plasma with separations of the same time scale. The modulation of the comb-like current density profile is about 2k0 ∼ 3k0, where k0 is the wavenumber of the laser pulse. Such pre-bunched electrons with low relative energy spread may have potential in applications related to future coherent light sources driven by laser-plasma accelerators and broad application prospects in attosecond science and ultrafast dynamical detection.
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Xu X, Li F, Tsung FS, Miller K, Yakimenko V, Hogan MJ, Joshi C, Mori WB. Generation of ultrahigh-brightness pre-bunched beams from a plasma cathode for X-ray free-electron lasers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3364. [PMID: 35690617 PMCID: PMC9188572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The longitudinal coherence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) in the self-amplified spontaneous emission regime could be substantially improved if the high brightness electron beam could be pre-bunched on the radiated wavelength-scale. Here, we show that it is indeed possible to realize such current modulated electron beam at angstrom scale by exciting a nonlinear wake across a periodically modulated plasma-density downramp/plasma cathode. The density modulation turns on and off the injection of electrons in the wake while downramp provides a unique longitudinal mapping between the electrons’ initial injection positions and their final trapped positions inside the wake. The combined use of a downramp and periodic modulation of micrometers is shown to be able to produces a train of high peak current (17 kA) electron bunches with a modulation wavelength of 10’s of angstroms - orders of magnitude shorter than the plasma density modulation. The peak brightness of the nano-bunched beam can be O(1021A/m2/rad2) orders of magnitude higher than current XFEL beams. Such prebunched, high brightness electron beams hold the promise for compact and lower cost XEFLs that can produce nanometer radiation with hundreds of GW power in a 10s of centimeter long undulator. Laser-produced plasma can be used for acceleration and tuning of particle beams. Here the authors discuss the generation of a bunched electron beam using simulations and its application to X-ray free-electron laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Xu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank S Tsung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Miller
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Chan Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Warren B Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Curcio A, Gatti G. Time-domain study of the synchrotron radiation emitted from electron beams in plasma focusing channels. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:025201. [PMID: 35291175 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.025201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper sheds light on the time structure of betatron radiation, emitted by electrons that undergo betatron oscillations as they accelerate under the action of plasma wakefields. It is a common practice to assume that the betatron pulses are as short as the electron bunch length, however we show that this is not a general rule. Indeed, the betatron pulse length is affected by the betatron motion, which stretches and modulates the radiation pulses already at the source level. Propagation in a vacuum, therefore, can greatly lengthen the betatron pulses by orders of magnitude. In the wake of the above, the coherent emission of betatron radiation is studied. Coherent betatron radiation has been found to propagate in an underdense region created by ponderomotive forces, thus not suppressed by the overdense plasma absorption. This could be observed experimentally, revealing information on the acceleration process and on key beam parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Curcio
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Edificio M5. Parque Científico. C/ Adaja, 8. 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - G Gatti
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Edificio M5. Parque Científico. C/ Adaja, 8. 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
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Xu X, Cesar DB, Corde S, Yakimenko V, Hogan MJ, Joshi C, Marinelli A, Mori WB. Generation of Terawatt Attosecond Pulses from Relativistic Transition Radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:094801. [PMID: 33750158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.094801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
When a femtosecond duration and hundreds of kiloampere peak current electron beam traverses the vacuum and high-density plasma interface, a new process, that we call relativistic transition radiation (RTR), generates an intense ∼100 as pulse containing ∼1 terawatt power of coherent vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation accompanied by several smaller femtosecond duration satellite pulses. This pulse inherits the radial polarization of the incident beam field and has a ring intensity distribution. This RTR is emitted when the beam density is comparable to the plasma density and the spot size much larger than the plasma skin depth. Physically, it arises from the return current or backward relativistic motion of electrons starting just inside the plasma that Doppler up shifts the emitted photons. The number of RTR pulses is determined by the number of groups of plasma electrons that originate at different depths within the first plasma wake period and emit coherently before phase mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Xu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - David B Cesar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sébastien Corde
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - Vitaly Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Mark J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Chan Joshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - Warren B Mori
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Sampath A, Davoine X, Corde S, Gremillet L, Gilljohann M, Sangal M, Keitel CH, Ariniello R, Cary J, Ekerfelt H, Emma C, Fiuza F, Fujii H, Hogan M, Joshi C, Knetsch A, Kononenko O, Lee V, Litos M, Marsh K, Nie Z, O'Shea B, Peterson JR, Claveria PSM, Storey D, Wu Y, Xu X, Zhang C, Tamburini M. Extremely Dense Gamma-Ray Pulses in Electron Beam-Multifoil Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:064801. [PMID: 33635713 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.064801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sources of high-energy photons have important applications in almost all areas of research. However, the photon flux and intensity of existing sources is strongly limited for photon energies above a few hundred keV. Here we show that a high-current ultrarelativistic electron beam interacting with multiple submicrometer-thick conducting foils can undergo strong self-focusing accompanied by efficient emission of gamma-ray synchrotron photons. Physically, self-focusing and high-energy photon emission originate from the beam interaction with the near-field transition radiation accompanying the beam-foil collision. This near field radiation is of amplitude comparable with the beam self-field, and can be strong enough that a single emitted photon can carry away a significant fraction of the emitting electron energy. After beam collision with multiple foils, femtosecond collimated electron and photon beams with number density exceeding that of a solid are obtained. The relative simplicity, unique properties, and high efficiency of this gamma-ray source open up new opportunities for both applied and fundamental research including laserless investigations of strong-field QED processes with a single electron beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sampath
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xavier Davoine
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - Sébastien Corde
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - Laurent Gremillet
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - Max Gilljohann
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - Maitreyi Sangal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Ariniello
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - John Cary
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Henrik Ekerfelt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Claudio Emma
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Frederico Fiuza
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Hiroki Fujii
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Mark Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Chan Joshi
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Knetsch
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - Olena Kononenko
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - Valentina Lee
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Mike Litos
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Kenneth Marsh
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Zan Nie
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Brendan O'Shea
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Ryan Peterson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford University, Physics Department, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Pablo San Miguel Claveria
- LOA, ENSTA Paris, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - Doug Storey
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Yipeng Wu
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Xinlu Xu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Chaojie Zhang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Tamburini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Black DS, Niedermayer U, Miao Y, Zhao Z, Solgaard O, Byer RL, Leedle KJ. Net Acceleration and Direct Measurement of Attosecond Electron Pulses in a Silicon Dielectric Laser Accelerator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:264802. [PMID: 31951436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.264802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Net acceleration of attosecond-scale electron pulses is critical to the development of on-chip accelerators. We demonstrate a silicon-based laser-driven two-stage accelerator as an injector stage prototype for a Dielectric Laser Accelerator (DLA). The first stage converts a 57-keV (500±100)-fs (FWHM) electron pulse into a pulse train of 700±200 as (FWHM) microbunches. The second stage harnesses the tunability of dual-drive DLA to perform both a net acceleration and a streaking measurement. In the acceleration mode, the second stage increases the net energy of the electron pulse by 200 eV over 12.25 μm. In the deflection mode, the microbunch temporal profile is analyzed by a direct streaking measurement with 200 as resolution. This work provides a demonstration of a novel, on-chip method to access the attosecond regime, opening new paths towards attosecond science using DLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan S Black
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305-9505, USA
| | - Uwe Niedermayer
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Teilchenbeschleunigung und Elektromagnetische Felder (TEMF), Schloßgartenstr. 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305-9505, USA
| | - Zhexin Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305-9505, USA
| | - Olav Solgaard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305-9505, USA
| | - Robert L Byer
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305-4090, USA
| | - Kenneth J Leedle
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305-9505, USA
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7
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Zeng M, Chen M, Yu LL, Mori WB, Sheng ZM, Hidding B, Jaroszynski DA, Zhang J. Multichromatic narrow-energy-spread electron bunches from laser-wakefield acceleration with dual-color lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:084801. [PMID: 25768765 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.084801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A method based on laser wakefield acceleration with controlled ionization injection triggered by another frequency-tripled laser is proposed, which can produce electron bunches with low energy spread. As two color pulses copropagate in the background plasma, the peak amplitude of the combined laser field is modulated in time and space during the laser propagation due to the plasma dispersion. Ionization injection occurs when the peak amplitude exceeds a certain threshold. The threshold is exceeded for limited duration periodically at different propagation distances, leading to multiple ionization injections and separated electron bunches. The method is demonstrated through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Such electron bunches may be used to generate multichromatic x-ray sources for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - M Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - L L Yu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - W B Mori
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Z M Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - B Hidding
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - D A Jaroszynski
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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