1
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Lu B, Stolte M, Liu D, Zhang X, Zhao L, Tian L, Frisbie CD, Würthner F, Tao X, He T. High Sensitivity and Ultra-Broad-Range NH 3 Sensor Arrays by Precise Control of Step Defects on The Surface of Cl 2-Ndi Single Crystals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308036. [PMID: 38308194 PMCID: PMC11005746 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Vapor sensors with both high sensitivity and broad detection range are technically challenging yet highly desirable for widespread chemical sensing applications in diverse environments. Generally, an increased surface-to-volume ratio can effectively enhance the sensitivity to low concentrations, but often with the trade-off of a constrained sensing range. Here, an approach is demonstrated for NH3 sensor arrays with an unprecedentedly broad sensing range by introducing controllable steps on the surface of an n-type single crystal. Step edges, serving as adsorption sites with electron-deficient properties, are well-defined, discrete, and electronically active. NH3 molecules selectively adsorb at the step edges and nearly eliminate known trap-like character, which is demonstrated by surface potential imaging. Consequently, the strategy can significantly boost the sensitivity of two-terminal NH3 resistance sensors on thin crystals with a few steps while simultaneously enhancing the tolerance on thick crystals with dense steps. Incorporation of these crystals into parallel sensor arrays results in ppb-to-% level detection range and a convenient linear relation between sheet conductance and semi-log NH3 concentration, allowing for the precise localization of vapor leakage. In general, the results suggest new opportunities for defect engineering of organic semiconductor crystal surfaces for purposeful vapor or chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Universität WürzburgInstitut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Liehao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - C. Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesota55455USA
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität WürzburgInstitut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
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2
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Das M, Hogan C, Zielinski R, Kubicki M, Koy M, Kosbab C, Brozzesi S, Das A, Nehring MT, Balfanz V, Brühne J, Dähne M, Franz M, Esser N, Glorius F. N-Heterocyclic Olefins on a Silicon Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314663. [PMID: 37849449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) on silicon is investigated in a combined scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory study. We find that both of the studied NHOs bind covalently, with ylidic character, to the silicon adatoms of the substrate and exhibit good thermal stability. The adsorption geometry strongly depends on the N-substituents: for large N-substituents, an upright adsorption geometry is favored, while a flat-lying geometry is found for the NHO with smaller wingtips. These different geometries strongly influence the quality and properties of the obtained monolayers. The upright geometry leads to the formation of ordered monolayers, whereas the flat-lying NHOs yield a mostly disordered, but denser, monolayer. The obtained monolayers both show large work function reductions, as the higher density of the flat-lying monolayer is found to compensate for the smaller vertical dipole moments. Our findings offer new prospects in the design of tailor-made ligand structures in organic electronics and optoelectronics, catalysis, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mowpriya Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Conor Hogan
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Zielinski
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Milan Kubicki
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Koy
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Canan Kosbab
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Brozzesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ankita Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mike Thomas Nehring
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktoria Balfanz
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juls Brühne
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Dähne
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Franz
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Esser
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS e.V., Schwarzschildstrasse 8, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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3
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Franz M, Chandola S, Koy M, Zielinski R, Aldahhak H, Das M, Freitag M, Gerstmann U, Liebig D, Hoffmann AK, Rosin M, Schmidt WG, Hogan C, Glorius F, Esser N, Dähne M. Controlled growth of ordered monolayers of N-heterocyclic carbenes on silicon. Nat Chem 2021; 13:828-835. [PMID: 34155377 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are promising modifiers and anchors for surface functionalization and offer some advantages over thiol-based systems. Because of their strong binding affinity and high electron donation, NHCs can dramatically change the properties of the surfaces to which they are bonded. Highly ordered NHC monolayers have so far been limited to metal surfaces. Silicon, however, remains the element of choice in semiconductor devices and its modification is therefore of utmost importance for electronic industries. Here, a comprehensive study on the adsorption of NHCs on silicon is presented. We find covalently bound NHC molecules in an upright adsorption geometry and demonstrate the formation of highly ordered monolayers exhibiting good thermal stability and strong work function reductions. The structure and ordering of the monolayers is controlled by the substrate geometry and reactivity and in particular by the NHC side groups. These findings pave the way towards a tailor-made organic functionalization of silicon surfaces and, thanks to the high modularity of NHCs, new electronic and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Franz
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandhya Chandola
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Materialphysik, Universität Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Koy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Zielinski
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Hazem Aldahhak
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Materialphysik, Universität Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Gerstmann
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Materialphysik, Universität Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Denise Liebig
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maximilian Rosin
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolf Gero Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Materialphysik, Universität Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Conor Hogan
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Physics, Università di Roma 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Norbert Esser
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS e.V., Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mario Dähne
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Geagea E, Jeannoutot J, Féron M, Palmino F, Thomas CM, Rochefort A, Chérioux F. Collective radical oligomerisation induced by an STM tip on a silicon surface. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:349-354. [PMID: 33346311 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08291k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, on-surface fabrication of organic nanostructures has been widely investigated for the development of molecular electronic components, catalysts, and new materials. Here, we introduce a new strategy to obtain alkyl oligomers in a controlled manner using on-surface radical oligomerisations that are triggered by electrons between the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope and the Si(111)√3 ×√3 R30°-B surface. This electron transfer event only occurs when the bias voltage is below -4.5 V and allows access to reactive radical species under exceptionally mild conditions. This transfer can effectively 'switch on' a sequence leading to the formation of oligomers of defined size distribution thanks to the on-surface confinement of the reactive species. Our approach enables new ways to initiate and control radical oligomerisations with tunnelling electrons, leading to molecularly precise nanofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Geagea
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, FEMTO-ST, UFC, CNRS, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, F-25030 Besancon cedex, France.
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5
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Tan A, Zhang P. Tailoring the growth and electronic structures of organic molecular thin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:503001. [PMID: 31422957 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab3c22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the rapidly developing electronics industry, it has become increasingly necessary to explore materials that are cheap, flexible and versatile which have led to significant research efforts towards organic molecular thin films. Organic molecules are unique compared to their inorganic atomic counterparts as their properties can be tuned drastically through chemical functionalization, offering versatility, though their extended shape and weak intermolecular interactions bring significant challenges to the control of both the growth and the electronic structures of molecular thin films. In this paper, we will review the self-assembly process and how to establish long-range ordered organic molecular thin films. We will also discuss how the electronic structures of thin films are impacted by the molecule's local electrostatic environment and its interaction with the substrate, within the context of controlling interfacial energy level alignment between organic semiconductors and electrodes in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
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6
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Lima MP, Miwa RH, Fazzio A. The role played by the molecular geometry on the electronic transport through nanometric organic films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24584-24591. [PMID: 31664278 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The electronic transport properties in molecular heterojunctions are intimately connected with the molecular conformation between the electrodes, and the electronic structure of the molecule/electrode interface. In this work, we perform an ab initio density-functional-theory investigation of the structural and transport properties through self-assembled CuPc molecules sandwiched between gold contacts with (111) surfaces. We demonstrated (i) a tunneling regime ruled by the π orbitals of the aromatic rings of CuPc molecules; and (ii) a high variation (up to two orders of magnitude) of the current density with the orientation of the CuPc molecules relative to the gold surface. The source of this variation is the geometrical dependence of the energy of the highest-occupied-molecular-orbital with respect to the chemical potential of the metal and the generation of intra-molecular transport channels for a configuration with CuPc molecules tilted with respect to the gold surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus P Lima
- Department of Physics, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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7
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Roscioni OM, D'Avino G, Muccioli L, Zannoni C. Pentacene Crystal Growth on Silica and Layer-Dependent Step-Edge Barrier from Atomistic Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6900-6906. [PMID: 30449102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the growth of organic crystals deposited from the vapor phase is important for fundamental materials science and necessary for applications in pharmaceutical and organic electronics industries. Here, this process is studied for the paradigmatic case of pentacene on silica by means of a specifically tailored computational approach inspired by the experimental vapor deposition process. This scheme is able to reproduce the early stages of the thin-film formation, characterized by a quasi layer-by-layer growth, thus showcasing its potential as a tool complementary to experimental techniques for investigating organic crystals. Crystalline islands of standing molecules are formed at a critical coverage, as a result of a collective reorientation of disordered aggregates of flat-lying molecules. The growth then proceeds by sequential attachment of molecules at the cluster and then terrace edges. Free-energy calculations allowed us to characterize the step-edge barrier for descending the terraces, a fundamental parameter for growth models for which only indirect experimental measurements are available. The barrier is found to be layer-dependent (approximately 1 kcal/mol for the first monolayer on silica, 2 kcal/mol for the second monolayer) and to extend over a distance comparable with the molecular length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otello Maria Roscioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , University of Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Gabriele D'Avino
- Institut Néel, CNRS and Grenoble Alpes University , 25 Rue des Martyrs , F-38042 Grenoble , France
| | - Luca Muccioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , University of Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Claudio Zannoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , University of Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
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8
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Tan A, Wagner S, Zhang P. Self-assembly of F16ZnPc thin films and F16ZnPc-ZnPc heterostructures on deactivated Si surfaces studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. J Chem Phys 2016; 146:052809. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4967262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
| | - Sean Wagner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
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9
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Hourani W, Lamare S, Makoudi Y, Palmino F, Cherioux F. Extended monolayer of cyano-ended oligo(para-phenylenes) at the air/HOPG interface investigated by high-resolution AFM. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:425601. [PMID: 27606484 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/42/425601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The formation of functional networks on surfaces is one of the main challenges in the field of nanotechnologies. In this paper, we shall propose a very simple process which can be used to achieve the formation of extended monolayer of functional oligo(para-phenylenes) molecules at the air/graphite interface. By developing a convergent strategy, we successfully achieved the synthesis of oligo(para-phenylenes) molecules with a tuneable length. The photophysical properties of these new oligomers were characterized by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Deposition of these molecules by a simple spin-coating process on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface leads to the formation of extended monolayered 2D networks. These networks were characterized by atomic force microscopy experiments under ambient conditions with submolecular resolution thus providing the adsorption model of these molecules on an HOPG surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hourani
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
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10
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Growing Ultra-flat Organic Films on Graphene with a Face-on Stacking via Moderate Molecule-Substrate Interaction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28895. [PMID: 27356623 PMCID: PMC4928121 DOI: 10.1038/srep28895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic properties of small molecule organic crystals depend heavily on the molecular orientation. For multi-layer organic photovoltaics, it is desirable for the molecules to have a face-on orientation in order to enhance the out-of-plane transport properties. However, it is challenging to grow well-ordered and smooth films with a face-on stacking on conventional substrates such as metals and oxides. In this work, metal-phthalocyanine molecules is used as a model system to demonstrate that two-dimensional crystals such as graphene can serve as a template for growing high quality, ultra-flat organic films with a face-on orientation. Furthermore, the molecule-substrate interaction is varied systematically from strong to weak interaction regime with the interaction strength characterized by ultrafast electron transfer measurements. We find that in order to achieve the optimum orientation and morphology, the molecule-substrate interaction needs to be strong enough to ensure a face-on stacking while it needs to be weak enough to avoid film roughening.
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11
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Abstract
Organic/metal interfaces play crucial roles in the formation of intermolecular networks on metal surfaces and the performance of organic devices. Although their purity and uniformity have profound effects on the operation of organic devices, the formation of organic thin films with high interfacial uniformity on metal surfaces has suffered from the intrinsic limitation of molecular ordering imposed by irregular surface structures. Here we demonstrate a supramolecular carpet with widely uniform interfacial structure and high adaptability on a metal surface via a one-step process. The high uniformity is achieved with well-balanced interfacial interactions and site-specific molecular rearrangements, even on a pre-annealed amorphous gold surface. Co-existing electronic structures show selective availability corresponding to the energy region and the local position of the system. These findings provide not only a deeper insight into organic thin films with high structural integrity, but also a new way to tailor interfacial geometric and electronic structures.
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12
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Chérioux F, Galangau O, Palmino F, Rapenne G. Controlled Directional Motions of Molecular Vehicles, Rotors, and Motors: From Metallic to Silicon Surfaces, a Strategy to Operate at Higher Temperatures. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:1742-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Chérioux
- Institut FEMTO-ST; Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, UBFC; 15B Avenue des Montboucons 25030 Besançon France
| | - Olivier Galangau
- NanoSciences Group; CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011; 29 rue J. Marvig 31055 Toulouse France
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems; NAIST-CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011; 29 rue J. Marvig 31055 Toulouse France
| | - Frank Palmino
- Institut FEMTO-ST; Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, UBFC; 15B Avenue des Montboucons 25030 Besançon France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- Université de Toulouse, UPS; 29 rue J. Marvig 31055 Toulouse France
- NanoSciences Group; CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011; 29 rue J. Marvig 31055 Toulouse France
- International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems; NAIST-CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011; 29 rue J. Marvig 31055 Toulouse France
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13
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Wagner SR, Huang B, Park C, Feng J, Yoon M, Zhang P. Growth of Metal Phthalocyanine on Deactivated Semiconducting Surfaces Steered by Selective Orbital Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:096101. [PMID: 26371664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.096101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory, we show that the molecular ordering and orientation of metal phthalocyanine molecules on the deactivated Si surface display a strong dependency on the central transition-metal ion, driven by the degree of orbital hybridization at the heterointerface via selective p-d orbital coupling. This Letter identifies a selective mechanism for modifying the molecule-substrate interaction which impacts the growth behavior of transition-metal-incorporated organic molecules on a technologically relevant substrate for silicon-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Wagner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
| | - Bing Huang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Changwon Park
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Jiagui Feng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
| | - Mina Yoon
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
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14
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Berger J, Spadafora EJ, Mutombo P, Jelínek P, Švec M. Force-Driven Single-Atom Manipulation on a Low-Reactive Si Surface for Tip Sharpening. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3686-3693. [PMID: 25940994 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A single atomic manipulation on the delta-doped B:Si(111)-(√3x√3)R30° surface using a low temperature dynamic atomic force microscopy based on the Kolibri sensor is investigated. Through a controlled vertical displacement of the probe, a single Si adatom in order to open a vacancy is removed. It is shown that this process is completely reversible, by accurately placing a Si atom back into the vacancy site. In addition, density functional theory simulations are carried out to understand the underlying mechanism of the atomic manipulation in detail. This process also rearranges the atoms at the tip apex, which can be effectively sharpened in this way. Such sharper tips allow for a deeper look into the Si adatom vacancy site. Namely, high-resolution images of the vacancy showing subsurface Si dangling bond triplets, which surround the substitutional B dopant atom in the first bilayer, are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Berger
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, CZ-16200, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Br˘ehová 7, CZ-11519 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evan J Spadafora
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, CZ-16200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, CZ-16200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, CZ-16200, Prague, Czech Republic
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Martin Švec
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, CZ-16200, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Rochefort A, Makoudi Y, Maillard A, Jeannoutot J, Blier J, Chérioux F, Palmino F. Anisotropic growth of the thiophene-based layer on Si(111)-B. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5484-6. [PMID: 24718559 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01674b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of large assemblies on the Si(111)-B surface is discussed with the help of STM simulations and DFT calculations. Although highly regular assemblies of DTB10B along the Si row direction are observed, the existence of two herringbone isomers introduces a lower periodicity within the 2D molecular network. The formation of herringbone units is explained by weak intermolecular interactions while the 1D assembling depends mainly on the interactions of the C10 side chains with the Si(111)-B surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rochefort
- Polytechnique Montréal, Engineering Physics Department and Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe (RQMP), Montréal, Canada.
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Seeding Molecular Rotators on a Passivated Silicon Surface. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:271-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Makoudi Y, Beyer M, Jeannoutot J, Picaud F, Palmino F, Chérioux F. Supramolecular self-assembly of brominated molecules on a silicon surface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5714-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractSurfaces and interfaces play a critical role in determining properties and functions of nanomaterials, in many cases dominating bulk properties, owing to the large surface- and interface-area-to-volume ratio. Using Si nanomembranes, a well-controlled two-dimensional single-crystalline semiconductor, as a prototype system, we discuss how surfaces and interfaces influence electrical transport properties at the nanoscale. We show that electronic conduction in Si nanomembranes is not determined by bulk dopants but by the interplay of surface and interface electronic structures with the “bulk” band structure of the thin Si membrane. Additionally, we describe our recent experimental results on the control of highly ordered molecular structures on Si surfaces, which is of intense interest for the integration of ordered organic thin films in silicon-based electronics. This could also potentially lead to the rational design of Si nanostructures with controlled properties through regulation of the surface chemistry.
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