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Lowinski J, Heller L, Hoffet F, Padrón-Brito A, Theophilo K, de Riedmatten H. Strongly Nonlinear Interaction between Nonclassical Light and a Blockaded Rydberg Atomic Ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:053001. [PMID: 38364169 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the interaction between nonclassical light with a tunable multiphoton component and a highly nonlinear medium based on cold Rydberg atoms. The nonclassical field emitted by a DLCZ quantum memory is stored using Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, experiencing strong nonlinear response due to the dipole blockade. We show that the storage efficiency in the Rydberg ensemble decreases as a function of the multiphoton strength of the input field, as a result of the nonlinearity. We also show that the autocorrelation function g^{(2)}(0) of the retrieved field after storage in the Rydberg state is considerably reduced, leading to the first demonstration of single photon filtering with nonclassical input light. Finally, we develop a simple simulation that allows us to model the effect of our medium on the input state. This work is a step towards matter-mediated photon-photon interactions with nonclassical light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lowinski
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Lukas Heller
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Félix Hoffet
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | | | - Klara Theophilo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Hugues de Riedmatten
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Dynamical Collective Excitations and Entanglement of Two Strongly Correlated Rydberg Superatoms. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9040242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on the dipole blockade effect and with the aid of the superatom (SA) model, we propose a scheme to investigate the correlated evolution of two Rydberg sub-superatoms (SSAs), formed by two spatially separated atomic Rydberg sub-ensembles but in the same blockade region. Starting from the pure separable states, we investigate the in-phase or anti-phase correlated dynamics and explore how two Rydberg SSAs entangle with each other mediated by a single Rydberg excitation. Starting from the entangled states, we discuss the robustness of the system against decoherence induced by the dephasing rate. Our results show that both the correlated evolution of two Rydberg SSAs and their collective-state entanglement are usually sensitive to the number of each Rydberg SSA. This allows us to coherently manipulate the Rydberg ensemble over long distances from the single-quantum level to the mesoscopic level by changing the number of atoms. Furthermore, the method for dividing an SA into two SSAs and obtaining their spin operators without any approximation can be readily generalized to the case of many SSAs. It may have potential promising applications in quantum information processing and provide an attractive platform to study the quantum-classical correspondence, many-body physics and so on.
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3
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Controlled multi-photon subtraction with cascaded Rydberg superatoms as single-photon absorbers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4328. [PMID: 34267206 PMCID: PMC8282843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of light pulses with well-defined quantum properties requires precise control at the individual photon level. Here, we demonstrate exact and controlled multi-photon subtraction from incoming light pulses. We employ a cascaded system of tightly confined cold atom ensembles with strong, collectively enhanced coupling of photons to Rydberg states. The excitation blockade resulting from interactions between Rydberg atoms limits photon absorption to one per ensemble and rapid dephasing of the collective excitation suppresses stimulated re-emission of the photon. We experimentally demonstrate subtraction with up to three absorbers. Furthermore, we present a thorough theoretical analysis of our scheme where we identify weak Raman decay of the long-lived Rydberg state as the main source of infidelity in the subtracted photon number and investigate the performance of the multi-photon subtractor for increasing absorber numbers in the presence of Raman decay. Interaction of photons with Rydberg atoms can be used to modify quantum states of light. Here the authors demonstrate a controlled nonlinear quantum behavior of multi-photon subtraction in a cascaded system based on Rydberg superatoms.
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Bai Z, Adams CS, Huang G, Li W. Self-Induced Transparency in Warm and Strongly Interacting Rydberg Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:263605. [PMID: 33449776 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.263605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study dispersive optical nonlinearities of short pulses propagating in high number density, warm atomic vapors where the laser resonantly excites atoms to Rydberg P states via a single-photon transition. Three different regimes of the light-atom interaction, dominated by either Doppler broadening, Rydberg atom interactions, or decay due to thermal collisions between ground state and Rydberg atoms, are found. We show that using fast Rabi flopping and strong Rydberg atom interactions, both in the order of gigahertz, can overcome the Doppler effect as well as collisional decay, leading to a sizable dispersive optical nonlinearity on nanosecond timescales. In this regime, self-induced transparency (SIT) emerges when areas of the nanosecond pulse are determined primarily by the Rydberg atom interaction, rather than the area theorem of interaction-free SIT. We identify, both numerically and analytically, the condition to realize Rydberg SIT. Our study contributes to efforts in achieving quantum information processing using glass cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S Adams
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) DurhamNewcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Guoxiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Weibin Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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5
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Yang F, Liu YC, You L. Atom-Photon Spin-Exchange Collisions Mediated by Rydberg Dressing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:143601. [PMID: 33064522 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that a single photon propagating through a Rydberg-dressed atomic ensemble can exchange its spin state with a single atom. Such a spin-exchange collision exhibits both dissipative and coherent features, depending on the interaction strength. For strong interaction, the collision dissipatively drives the system into an entangled dark state of the photon with an atom. In the weak interaction regime, the scattering coherently flips the spin of a single photon in the multiphoton input pulse, demonstrating a generic single-photon subtracting process. An analytical treatment of this process reveals a universal trade-off between efficiency and purity of the extracted photon, which applies to a wide class of single-photon subtractors. We show that such a trade-off can be optimized by adjusting the scattering rate under a novel phase-matching condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Yan D, Wang B, Bai Z, Li W. Electromagnetically induced transparency of interacting Rydberg atoms with two-body dephasing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:9677-9689. [PMID: 32225570 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study electromagnetically induced transparency in a three-level ladder type configuration in ultracold atomic gases, where the upper level is an electronically highly excited Rydberg state. An effective distance dependent two-body dephasing can be induced in a regime where dipole-dipoles interaction couple nearly degenerate Rydberg pair states. We show that strong two-body dephasing can enhance the excitation blockade of neighboring Rydberg atoms. Due to the dissipative blockade, transmission of the probe light is reduced drastically by the two-body dephasing in the transparent window. The reduction of transmission is accompanied by a strong photon-photon anti-bunching. Around the Autler-Townes doublets, the photon bunching is amplified by the two-body dephasing, while transmission is largely unaffected. Besides relevant to the ongoing Rydberg atom studies, our study moreover provides a setting to explore and understand two-body dephasing dynamics in many-body systems.
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7
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Bienias P, Douglas J, Paris-Mandoki A, Titum P, Mirgorodskiy I, Tresp C, Zeuthen E, Gullans MJ, Manzoni M, Hofferberth S, Chang D, Gorshkov AV. Photon propagation through dissipative Rydberg media at large input rates. PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH 2020; 2:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.033049. [PMID: 33367285 PMCID: PMC7754712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.2.033049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the dissipative propagation of quantized light in interacting Rydberg media under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. Rydberg blockade physics in optically dense atomic media leads to strong dissipative interactions between single photons. The regime of high incoming photon flux constitutes a challenging many-body dissipative problem. We experimentally study in detail the pulse shapes and the second-order correlation function of the outgoing field and compare our data with simulations based on two novel theoretical approaches well-suited to treat this many-photon limit. At low incoming flux, we report good agreement between both theories and the experiment. For higher input flux, the intensity of the outgoing light is lower than that obtained from theoretical predictions. We explain this discrepancy using a simple phenomenological model taking into account pollutants, which are nearly stationary Rydberg excitations coming from the reabsorption of scattered probe photons. At high incoming photon rates, the blockade physics results in unconventional shapes of measured correlation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - James Douglas
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asaf Paris-Mandoki
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Physics@SDU, University of Southern Denmark, 5320 Odense, Denmark
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Paraj Titum
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Ivan Mirgorodskiy
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Physics@SDU, University of Southern Denmark, 5320 Odense, Denmark
| | - Christoph Tresp
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Physics@SDU, University of Southern Denmark, 5320 Odense, Denmark
| | - Emil Zeuthen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Gullans
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Marco Manzoni
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Hofferberth
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Physics@SDU, University of Southern Denmark, 5320 Odense, Denmark
| | - Darrick Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexey V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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8
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Khazali M, Murray CR, Pohl T. Polariton Exchange Interactions in Multichannel Optical Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:113605. [PMID: 31573258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We examine the dynamics of Rydberg polaritons with dipolar interactions that propagate in multiple spatial modes. The dipolar excitation exchange between different Rydberg states mediates an effective exchange between polaritons that enables photons to hop across different spatial channels. Remarkably, the efficiency of this photon exchange process can increase with the channel distance and becomes optimal at a finite rail separation. Based on this mechanism, we design a simple photonic network that realizes a two photon quantum gate with a robust π phase, protected by the symmetries of the underlying photon interaction and the geometry of the network. These capabilities expand the scope of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency towards multidimensional geometries for nonlinear optical networks and explorations of photonic many-body physics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Callum R Murray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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9
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Haenel R, Grant E. Coupled rate-equation hydrodynamic simulation of a Rydberg gas Gaussian ellipsoid: Classical avalanche and evolution to molecular plasma. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Murray CR, Mirgorodskiy I, Tresp C, Braun C, Paris-Mandoki A, Gorshkov AV, Hofferberth S, Pohl T. Photon Subtraction by Many-Body Decoherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:113601. [PMID: 29601756 PMCID: PMC6467281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the scattering of a photonic quantum field from another stored in a strongly interacting atomic Rydberg ensemble. Considering the many-body limit of this problem, we derive an exact solution to the scattering-induced spatial decoherence of multiple stored photons, allowing for a rigorous understanding of the underlying dissipative quantum dynamics. Combined with our experiments, this analysis reveals a correlated coherence-protection process in which the scattering from one excitation can shield all others from spatial decoherence. We discuss how this effect can be used to manipulate light at the quantum level, providing a robust mechanism for single-photon subtraction, and experimentally demonstrate this capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Murray
- Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - I Mirgorodskiy
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Tresp
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - C Braun
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - A Paris-Mandoki
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Hofferberth
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - T Pohl
- Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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11
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Gullans MJ, Diehl S, Rittenhouse ST, Ruzic BP, D'Incao JP, Julienne P, Gorshkov AV, Taylor JM. Efimov States of Strongly Interacting Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:233601. [PMID: 29286689 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.233601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the emergence of universal Efimov physics for interacting photons in cold gases of Rydberg atoms. We consider the behavior of three photons injected into the gas in their propagating frame, where a paraxial approximation allows us to consider them as massive particles. In contrast to atoms and nuclei, the photons have a large anisotropy between their longitudinal mass, arising from dispersion, and their transverse mass, arising from diffraction. Nevertheless, we show that, in suitably rescaled coordinates, the effective interactions become dominated by s-wave scattering near threshold and, as a result, give rise to an Efimov effect near unitarity. We show that the three-body loss of these Efimov trimers can be strongly suppressed and determine conditions under which these states are observable in current experiments. These effects can be naturally extended to probe few-body universality beyond three bodies, as well as the role of Efimov physics in the nonequilibrium, many-body regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gullans
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Diehl
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - S T Rittenhouse
- Department of Physics, The United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA
| | - B P Ruzic
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J P D'Incao
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - P Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J M Taylor
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
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12
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Lahad O, Firstenberg O. Induced Cavities for Photonic Quantum Gates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:113601. [PMID: 28949230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective cavities can be optically induced in atomic media and employed to strengthen optical nonlinearities. Here we study the integration of induced cavities with a photonic quantum gate based on Rydberg blockade. Accounting for loss in the atomic medium, we calculate the corresponding finesse and gate infidelity. Our analysis shows that the conventional limits imposed by the blockade optical depth are mitigated by the induced cavity in long media, thus establishing the total optical depth of the medium as a complementary resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohr Lahad
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ofer Firstenberg
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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13
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Zeuthen E, Gullans MJ, Maghrebi MF, Gorshkov AV. Correlated Photon Dynamics in Dissipative Rydberg Media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:043602. [PMID: 29341760 PMCID: PMC6475453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.043602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rydberg blockade physics in optically dense atomic media under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) leads to strong dissipative interactions between single photons. We introduce a new approach to analyzing this challenging many-body problem in the limit of a large optical depth per blockade radius. In our approach, we separate the single-polariton EIT physics from Rydberg-Rydberg interactions in a serialized manner while using a hard-sphere model for the latter, thus capturing the dualistic particle-wave nature of light as it manifests itself in dissipative Rydberg-EIT media. Using this approach, we analyze the saturation behavior of the transmission through one-dimensional Rydberg-EIT media in the regime of nonperturbative dissipative interactions relevant to current experiments. Our model is able to capture the many-body dynamics of bright, coherent pulses through these strongly interacting media. We compare our model with available experimental data in this regime and find good agreement. We also analyze a scheme for generating regular trains of single photons from continuous-wave input and derive its scaling behavior in the presence of imperfect single-photon EIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Zeuthen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Institute for Gravitational Physics, Albert Einstein Institute, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraβe 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael J. Gullans
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Mohammad F. Maghrebi
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Alexey V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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14
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Grankin A, Brion E, Boddeda R, Ćuk S, Usmani I, Ourjoumtsev A, Grangier P. Inelastic Photon Scattering via the Intracavity Rydberg Blockade. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:253602. [PMID: 28036216 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.253602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a ladder system involving a Rydberg level is known to yield giant optical nonlinearities for the probe field, even in the few-photon regime. This enhancement is due to the strong dipole-dipole interactions between Rydberg atoms and the resulting excitation blockade phenomenon. In order to study such highly correlated media, ad hoc models or low-excitation assumptions are generally used to tackle their dynamical response to optical fields. Here, we study the behavior of a cavity Rydberg-EIT setup in the nonequilibrium quantum field formalism, and we obtain analytic expressions for elastic and inelastic components of the cavity transmission spectrum, valid up to higher excitation numbers than previously achieved. This allows us to identify and interpret a polaritonic resonance structure, to our knowledge unreported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grankin
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - E Brion
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - R Boddeda
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Ćuk
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - I Usmani
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Ourjoumtsev
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - P Grangier
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau, France
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15
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Tresp C, Zimmer C, Mirgorodskiy I, Gorniaczyk H, Paris-Mandoki A, Hofferberth S. Single-Photon Absorber Based on Strongly Interacting Rydberg Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:223001. [PMID: 27925746 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.223001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the realization of a free-space single-photon absorber, which deterministically absorbs exactly one photon from an input pulse. Our scheme is based on the saturation of an optically thick medium by a single photon due to Rydberg blockade. By converting one absorbed input photon into a stationary Rydberg excitation, decoupled from the light field through fast engineered dephasing, we blockade the full atomic cloud and change our optical medium from opaque to transparent. We show that this results in the subtraction of one photon from the input pulse over a wide range of input photon numbers. We investigate the change of the pulse shape and temporal photon statistics of the transmitted light pulses for different input photon numbers and compare the results to simulations. Based on the experimental results, we discuss the applicability of our single-photon absorber for number resolved photon detection schemes or quantum gate operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tresp
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Zimmer
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - I Mirgorodskiy
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H Gorniaczyk
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Paris-Mandoki
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Hofferberth
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Distante E, Padrón-Brito A, Cristiani M, Paredes-Barato D, de Riedmatten H. Storage Enhanced Nonlinearities in a Cold Atomic Rydberg Ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:113001. [PMID: 27661683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The combination of electromagnetically induced transparency with the nonlinear interaction between Rydberg atoms provides an effective interaction between photons. In this Letter, we investigate the storage of optical pulses as collective Rydberg atomic excitations in a cold atomic ensemble. By measuring the dynamics of the stored Rydberg polaritons, we experimentally demonstrate that storing a probe pulse as Rydberg polaritons strongly enhances the Rydberg mediated interaction compared to the slow propagation case. We show that the process is characterized by two time scales. At short storage times, we observe a strong enhancement of the interaction due to the reduction of the Rydberg polariton group velocity down to 0. For longer storage times, we observe a further, weaker enhancement dominated by Rydberg induced dephasing of the multiparticle components of the state. In this regime, we observe a nonlinear dependence of the Rydberg polariton coherence time with the input photon number. Our results have direct consequences in Rydberg quantum optics and may enable the test of new theories of strongly interacting Rydberg systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Distante
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Padrón-Brito
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Cristiani
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Paredes-Barato
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H de Riedmatten
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Jachymski K, Bienias P, Büchler HP. Three-Body Interaction of Rydberg Slow-Light Polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:053601. [PMID: 27517770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study a system of three photons in an atomic medium coupled to Rydberg states near the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. Based on the analytical analysis of the microscopic set of equations in the far-detuned regime, the effective three-body interaction for these Rydberg polaritons is derived. For slow light polaritons, we find a strong three-body repulsion with the remarkable property that three polaritons can become essentially noninteracting at short distances. This analysis allows us to derive the influence of the three-body repulsion on bound states and correlation functions of photons propagating through a one-dimensional atomic cloud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Jachymski
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Przemysław Bienias
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Büchler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Bai Z, Huang G. Enhanced third-order and fifth-order Kerr nonlinearities in a cold atomic system via Rydberg-Rydberg interaction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:4442-4461. [PMID: 29092273 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.004442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the optical Kerr nonlinearities of an ensemble of cold Rydberg atoms under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). By using an approach beyond mean-field theory, we show that the system possesses not only enhanced third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, but also giant fifth-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, which has a cubic dependence on atomic density. Our results demonstrate that both the third-order and the fifth-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities consist of two parts, contributed respectively by photon-atom interaction and Rydberg-Rydberg interaction. The Kerr nonlinearity induced by the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction plays a leading role at high atomic density. We find that the fifth-order nonlinear optical susceptibility in the Rydberg-EIT system may be five orders of magnitude larger than that obtained in traditional EIT systems. The results obtained may have promising applications in light and quantum information processing and transmission at weak-light level.
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19
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Murray CR, Gorshkov AV, Pohl T. Many-body decoherence dynamics and optimized operation of a single-photon switch. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2016; 18:10.1088/1367-2630/18/9/092001. [PMID: 31093009 PMCID: PMC6512999 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/18/9/092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We develop a theoretical framework to characterize the decoherence dynamics due to multi-photon scattering in an all-optical switch based on Rydberg atom induced nonlinearities. By incorporating the knowledge of this decoherence process into optimal photon storage and retrieval strategies, we establish optimized switching protocols for experimentally relevant conditions, and evaluate the corresponding limits in the achievable fidelities. Based on these results we work out a simplified description that reproduces recent experiments (Nat. Commun. 7 12480) and provides a new interpretation in terms of many-body decoherence involving multiple incident photons and multiple gate excitations forming the switch. Aside from offering insights into the operational capacity of realistic photon switching capabilities, our work provides a complete description of spin wave decoherence in a Rydberg quantum optics setting, and has immediate relevance to a number of further applications employing photon storage in Rydberg media.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Murray
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA
| | - T Pohl
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Maghrebi MF, Gorshkov AV. Nonequilibrium many-body steady states via Keldysh formalism. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B 2016; 93:10.1103/PhysRevB.93.014307. [PMID: 31093593 PMCID: PMC6513009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.93.014307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many-body systems with both coherent dynamics and dissipation constitute a rich class of models which are nevertheless much less explored than their dissipationless counterparts. The advent of numerous experimental platforms that simulate such dynamics poses an immediate challenge to systematically understand and classify these models. In particular, nontrivial many-body states emerge as steady states under nonequilibrium dynamics. While these states and their phase transitions have been studied extensively with mean-field theory, the validity of the mean-field approximation has not been systematically investigated. In this paper, we employ a field-theoretic approach based on the Keldysh formalism to study nonequilibrium phases and phase transitions in a variety of models. In all cases, a complete description via the Keldysh formalism indicates a partial or complete failure of the mean-field analysis. Furthermore, we find that an effective temperature emerges as a result of dissipation, and the universal behavior including the dynamics near the steady state is generically described by a thermodynamic universality class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F. Maghrebi
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alexey V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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21
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Maghrebi MF, Gullans MJ, Bienias P, Choi S, Martin I, Firstenberg O, Lukin MD, Büchler HP, Gorshkov AV. Coulomb Bound States of Strongly Interacting Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:123601. [PMID: 26430994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We show that two photons coupled to Rydberg states via electromagnetically induced transparency can interact via an effective Coulomb potential. This interaction gives rise to a continuum of two-body bound states. Within the continuum, metastable bound states are distinguished in analogy with quasibound states tunneling through a potential barrier. We find multiple branches of metastable bound states whose energy spectrum is governed by the Coulomb potential, thus obtaining a photonic analogue of the hydrogen atom. Under certain conditions, the wave function resembles that of a diatomic molecule in which the two polaritons are separated by a finite "bond length." These states propagate with a negative group velocity in the medium, allowing for a simple preparation and detection scheme, before they slowly decay to pairs of bound Rydberg atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Maghrebi
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M J Gullans
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P Bienias
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Choi
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - I Martin
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - O Firstenberg
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - M D Lukin
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - H P Büchler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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22
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Schempp H, Günter G, Wüster S, Weidemüller M, Whitlock S. Correlated Exciton Transport in Rydberg-Dressed-Atom Spin Chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:093002. [PMID: 26371647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.093002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the transport of excitations through a chain of atoms with nonlocal dissipation introduced through coupling to additional short-lived states. The system is described by an effective spin-1/2 model where the ratio of the exchange interaction strength to the reservoir coupling strength determines the type of transport, including coherent exciton motion, incoherent hopping, and a regime in which an emergent length scale leads to a preferred hopping distance far beyond nearest neighbors. For multiple impurities, the dissipation gives rise to strong nearest-neighbor correlations and entanglement. These results highlight the importance of nontrivial dissipation, correlations, and many-body effects in recent experiments on the dipole-mediated transport of Rydberg excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schempp
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Günter
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Wüster
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics and CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - S Whitlock
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Li W, Viscor D, Hofferberth S, Lesanovsky I. Electromagnetically induced transparency in an entangled medium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:243601. [PMID: 24996088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate light propagation and electromagnetically induced transparency in a quasi-one-dimensional gas in which atoms interact strongly via exchange interactions. We focus on the case in which the gas is initially prepared in a many-body state that contains a single excitation and conduct a detailed study of the absorptive and dispersive properties of such a medium. This scenario is achieved in interacting gases of Rydberg atoms with two relevant S states that are coupled through exchange. Of particular interest is the case in which the medium is prepared in an entangled spin-wave state. This, in conjunction with the exchange interaction, gives rise to a nonlocal susceptibility that--in comparison to conventional Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency--qualitatively alters the absorption and propagation of weak probe light, leading to nonlocal propagation and enhanced absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Daniel Viscor
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Hofferberth
- 5. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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24
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He B, Sharypov AV, Sheng J, Simon C, Xiao M. Two-photon dynamics in coherent Rydberg atomic ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:133606. [PMID: 24745419 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.133606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the interaction of two photons in a Rydberg atomic ensemble under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency, combining a semiclassical approach for pulse propagation and a complete quantum treatment for quantum state evolution. We find that the blockade regime is not suitable for implementing photon-photon cross-phase modulation due to pulse absorption and dispersion. However, approximately ideal cross-phase modulation can be realized based on relatively weak interactions, with counterpropagating and transversely separated pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2 N 1N4, Canada and Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - A V Sharypov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, 50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia and Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Avenue, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Jiteng Sheng
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Christoph Simon
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2 N 1N4, Canada
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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25
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Paredes-Barato D, Adams CS. All-optical quantum information processing using Rydberg gates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:040501. [PMID: 24580425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we propose a hybrid scheme to implement a photonic controlled-z (CZ) gate using photon storage in highly excited Rydberg states, which controls the effective photon-photon interaction using resonant microwave fields. Our scheme decouples the light propagation from the interaction and exploits the spatial properties of the dipole blockade phenomenon to realize a CZ gate with minimal loss and mode distortion. By excluding the coupling efficiency, fidelities exceeding 95% are achievable and are found to be mainly limited by motional dephasing and the finite lifetime of the Rydberg levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Paredes-Barato
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Rochester Building, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - C S Adams
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Rochester Building, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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