1
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Barberis L, Condat CA, Faisal SM, Lowenstein PR. The self-organized structure of glioma oncostreams and the disruptive role of passive cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:25435. [PMID: 39455622 PMCID: PMC11511870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncostreams are self-organized structures formed by spindle-like, elongated, self-propelled cells recently described in glioblastomas and especially in gliosarcomas. Cells within these structures either move as large clusters in one main direction, flocks, or as linear, intermingling collections of cells advancing in opposite directions, streams. Round, passive cells are also observed, either inside or segregated from the oncostreams. Here we generalize a recently formulated particle-field approach to investigate the genesis and evolution of these structures, first showing that, in systems consisting only of identical self-propelled cells, both flocks and streams emerge as self-organized dynamic configurations. Flocks are the more stable configurations, while streams are transient and usually originate in collisions between flocks. Stream degradation is easier at low self-propulsion speeds. In systems consisting of both motile and passive cells, the latter block stream formation and accelerate their degradation and flock stabilization. Since the flock appears to be the most effective invasive structure, we thus argue that a phenotype mixture (motile and passive cells) may favor glioblastoma invasion. hlBy relating cellular properties to the observed outcome, our model shows that oncostreams are self-organized structures that result from the interplay between speed, shape, and steric repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Barberis
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola y Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, CONICET, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Cell and Developmental Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School and School of Engineering, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
| | - Carlos A Condat
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola y Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, CONICET, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Syed M Faisal
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and Modelling, CY Cergy-Paris Université, CNRS, 95032, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and Modelling, CY Cergy-Paris Université, CNRS, 95032, Cergy-Pontoise, France
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2
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Bánó G, Slabý C, Strejčková A, Tomori Z, Hovan A, Miskovsky P, Horvath D. Controlled stigmergy in quasi-one-dimensional active particle systems. Phys Rev E 2024; 110:024605. [PMID: 39294988 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.110.024605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
In quasi-one-dimensional circularly symmetric systems of active particles, experiments and simulations reveal an indirect interplay between particles and environmental drag effects, proving crucial in the realm of generalized parametrically controlled stigmergy. Our investigation goes deeper into understanding how stigmergy manifests itself, closely examining unconventional, more physically grounded interpretations in contrast to established concepts. Deeper insights into the complex dynamics of stigmergically interacting particle systems are gained by systematically studying the transition regions between short- and long-term stigmergic effects. Mechanical and computational modeling techniques complement each other to provide a comprehensive understanding of various clustering patterns, oscillatory modes, and system dynamics, where hysteresis may occur depending on the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pavol Miskovsky
- SAFTRA Photonics, Ltd., Moldavská cesta 51, 040 11 Košice, Slovak Republic
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3
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Adorjáni B, Libál A, Reichhardt C, Reichhardt CJO. Phase separation, edge currents, and Hall effect for active matter with Magnus dynamics. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2024; 47:40. [PMID: 38844720 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-024-00431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
We examine run-and-tumble disks in two-dimensional systems where the particles also have a Magnus component to their dynamics. For increased activity, we find that the system forms a motility-induced phase-separated (MIPS) state with chiral edge flow around the clusters, where the direction of the current is correlated with the sign of the Magnus term. The stability of the MIPS state is non-monotonic as a function of increasing Magnus term amplitude, with the MIPS region first extending down to lower activities followed by a break up of MIPS at large Magnus amplitudes into a gel-like state. We examine the dynamics in the presence of quenched disorder and a uniform drive and find that the bulk flow exhibits a drive-dependent Hall angle. This is a result of the side jump effect produced by scattering from the pinning sites and is similar to the behavior found for skyrmions in chiral magnets with quenched disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Adorjáni
- Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj, Romania
| | - A Libál
- Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj, Romania
| | - C Reichhardt
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - C J O Reichhardt
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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4
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Su M, Lindner B. Active Brownian particles in a biased periodic potential. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:22. [PMID: 36995501 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We study transport properties of an active Brownian particle with an Rayleigh-Helmholtz friction function in a biased periodic potential. In the absence of noise and depending on the parameters of the friction function and on the bias force, the motion of the particle can be in a locked state or in different running states. According to the type of solutions, the parameter plane of friction and bias force can be divided into four regions. In these different regimes, there is either only a locked state, only a running state, a bistability between locked and running states, or a bistability of two different running states (corresponding to a systematic motion to the left or right, respectively). In the presence of noise, the mean velocity depends in different ways on the noise intensity for the various parameter regimes. These dependences are explored by means of numerical simulations and simple analytical estimates for limiting cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Su
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Benjamin Lindner
- Department of Physics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Haus 2, Philippstr 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Shi H, Du L, Huang F, Guo W. Weak ergodicity breaking and anomalous diffusion in collective motion of active particles under spatiotemporal disorder. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:024114. [PMID: 36932613 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.024114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of spatiotemporal disorder, i.e., both the noise and quenched disorder, on the dynamics of active particles in two dimensions are investigated. We demonstrate that within the tailored parameter regime, nonergodic superdiffusion and nonergodic subdiffusion occur in the system, identified by the observable quantities (the mean squared displacement and ergodicity-breaking parameter) averaged over both the noise and realizations of quenched disorder. Their origins are attributed to the competition effects between the neighbor alignment and spatiotemporal disorder on the collective motion of active particles. These results may be helpful for further understanding the nonequilibrium transport process of active particles, as well as for detection of the transport of self-propelled particles in complex and crowded environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Shi
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructures in Yunnan Higher Education Institutions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Luchun Du
- Department of Physics, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Feijie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructures in Yunnan Higher Education Institutions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructures in Yunnan Higher Education Institutions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Devices, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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6
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Varga L, Libál A, Reichhardt C, Reichhardt CJO. Pattern formation and flocking for particles near the jamming transition on resource gradient substrates. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064602. [PMID: 36671186 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We numerically examine a bidisperse system of active and passive particles coupled to a resource substrate. The active particles deplete the resource at a fixed rate and move toward regions with higher resources, while all of the particles interact sterically with each other. We show that at high densities, this system exhibits a rich variety of pattern-forming phases along with directed motion or flocking as a function of the relative rates of resource absorption and consumption as well as the active to passive particle ratio. These include partial phase separation into rivers of active particles flowing through passive clusters, strongly phase separated states where the active particles induce crystallization of the passive particles, mixed jammed states, and fluctuating mixed fluid phases. For higher resource recovery rates, we demonstrate that the active particles can undergo motility-induced phase separation, while at high densities, there can be a coherent flock containing only active particles or a solid mixture of active and passive particles. The directed flocking motion typically shows a transient in which the flow switches among different directions before settling into one direction, and there is a critical density below which flocking does not occur. We map out the different phases as function of system density, resource absorption and recovery rates, and the ratio of active to passive particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Varga
- Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - A Libál
- Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - C Reichhardt
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C J O Reichhardt
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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7
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Degond P, Manhart A, Merino-Aceituno S, Peurichard D, Sala L. How environment affects active particle swarms: a case study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220791. [PMID: 36533200 PMCID: PMC9748504 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the collective motion of self-propelled agents in an environment filled with obstacles that are tethered to fixed positions via springs. The active particles are able to modify the environment by moving the obstacles through repulsion forces. This creates feedback interactions between the particles and the obstacles from which a breadth of patterns emerges (trails, band, clusters, honey-comb structures, etc.). We will focus on a discrete model first introduced in Aceves-Sanchez P et al. (2020, Bull. Math. Biol. 82, 125 (doi:10.1007/s11538-020-00805-z)), and derived into a continuum PDE model. As a first major novelty, we perform an in-depth investigation of pattern formation of the discrete and continuum models in two dimensions: we provide phase-diagrams and determine the key mechanisms for bifurcations to happen using linear stability analysis. As a result, we discover that the agent-agent repulsion, the agent-obstacle repulsion and the obstacle's spring stiffness are the key forces in the appearance of patterns, while alignment forces between the particles play a secondary role. The second major novelty lies in the development of an innovative methodology to compare discrete and continuum models that we apply here to perform an in-depth analysis of the agreement between the discrete and continuum models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Degond
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, UMR5219, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex 9 31062, France
| | - Angelika Manhart
- Mathematics Department, University College London, 25 Gordon Street, London, UK
| | - Sara Merino-Aceituno
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Diane Peurichard
- Inria, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Université de Paris, 4, Place Jussieu, Paris Cedex 05 75252, France
| | - Lorenzo Sala
- INRIA Saclay Ile-de-France, 1 rue Honoré d’Estienne d’Orves, Palaiseau 91120, France
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8
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Chen L, Lee CF, Maitra A, Toner J. Incompressible Polar Active Fluids with Quenched Random Field Disorder in Dimensions d>2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:198001. [PMID: 36399725 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.198001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a hydrodynamic theory of incompressible polar active fluids with quenched random field disorder. This theory shows that such fluids can overcome the disruption caused by the quenched disorder and move coherently, in the sense of having a nonzero mean velocity in the hydrodynamic limit. However, the scaling behavior of this class of active systems cannot be described by linearized hydrodynamics in spatial dimensions between 2 and 5. Nonetheless, we obtain the exact dimension-dependent scaling exponents in these dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Chen
- School of Material Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Chiu Fan Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ananyo Maitra
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, CNRS UMR 8089, CY Cergy Paris Université, F-95302 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - John Toner
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Chen L, Lee CF, Maitra A, Toner J. Packed Swarms on Dirt: Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flocks with Quenched and Annealed Disorder. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:188004. [PMID: 36374680 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.188004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We show that incompressible polar active fluids can exhibit an ordered, coherently moving phase even in the presence of quenched disorder in two dimensions. Unlike such active fluids with annealed disorder (i.e., time-dependent random white noise) only, which behave like equilibrium ferromagnets with long-range interactions, this robustness against quenched disorder is a fundamentally nonequilibrium phenomenon. The ordered state belongs to a new universality class, whose scaling laws we calculate using three different renormalization group schemes, which all give scaling exponents within 0.02 of each other, indicating that our results are quite accurate. Our predictions can be quantitatively tested in readily available artificial active systems and imply that biological systems such as cell layers can move coherently in vivo, where disorder is inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Chen
- School of Material Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Chiu Fan Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ananyo Maitra
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, CNRS UMR 8089, CY Cergy Paris Université, F-95032 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - John Toner
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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10
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Kumar S, Mishra S. Active nematic gel with quenched disorder. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:044603. [PMID: 36397569 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.044603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With quenched disorder, we introduce two-dimensional active nematics suspended in an incompressible fluid. We write the coarse-grained hydrodynamic equations of motion for slow variables, viz. density, orientation, and flow fields. The quenched disorder is introduced such that it interacts with the local orientation at every point with some strength. Disorder strength is tuned from zero to large values. We numerically study the defect dynamics and system kinetics and find that the finite disorder slows the ordering. The presence of fluid induces large fluctuation in the orientation field, further disturbing the ordering. The large fluctuation in the orientation field due to the fluid is so dominant that it reduces the effect of the quenched disorder. We have also found that the disorder effect is almost the same for both the contractile and extensile nature of active stresses in the system. This study can help to understand the impact of quenched disorder on the ordering kinetics of active gels with nematic interaction among the constituent objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Shradha Mishra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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11
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Chen L, Lee CF, Maitra A, Toner J. Hydrodynamic theory of two-dimensional incompressible polar active fluids with quenched and annealed disorder. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:044608. [PMID: 36397548 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.044608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We study the moving phase of two-dimensional (2D) incompressible polar active fluids in the presence of both quenched and annealed disorder. We show that long-range polar order persists even in this defect-ridden two-dimensional system. We obtain the large-distance, long-time scaling laws of the velocity fluctuations using three distinct dynamic renormalization group schemes. These are an uncontrolled one-loop calculation in exactly two dimensions, and two d=(d_{c}-ε) expansions to O(ε), obtained by two different analytic continuations of our 2D model to higher spatial dimensions: a "hard" continuation which has d_{c}=7/3, and a "soft" continuation with d_{c}=5/2. Surprisingly, the quenched and annealed parts of the velocity correlation function have the same anisotropy exponent and the relaxational and propagating parts of the dispersion relation have the same dynamic exponent in the nonlinear theory even though they are distinct in the linearized theory. This is due to anomalous hydrodynamics. Furthermore, all three renormalization schemes yield very similar values for the universal exponents, and therefore we expect the numerical values that we predict for them to be highly accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Chen
- School of Material Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Chiu Fan Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ananyo Maitra
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, CNRS UMR 8089, CY Cergy Paris Université, F-95032 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - John Toner
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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12
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Wang Y, Gao YW, Tian WD, Chen K. Obstacle-induced giant jammed aggregation of active semiflexible filaments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23779-23789. [PMID: 36156612 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02819k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Filaments driven by bound motor proteins and chains of self-propelled colloidal particles are a typical example of active polymers (APs). Due to deformability, APs exhibit very rich dynamic behaviors and collective assembling structures. Here, we are concerned with a basic question: how APs behave near a single obstacle? We find that, in the presence of a big single obstacle, the assembly of APs becomes a two-state system, i.e. APs either gather nearly completely together into a giant jammed aggregate (GJA) on the surface of the obstacle or distribute freely in space. No partial aggregation is observed. Such a complete aggregation/collection is unexpected since it happens on a smooth convex surface instead of, e.g., a concave wedge. We find that the formation of a GJA experiences a process of nucleation and the curves of the transition between the GJA and the non-aggregate state form hysteresis-like loops. Statistical analysis of massive data on the growing time, chirality and angular velocity of both the GJAs and the corresponding nuclei shows the strong random nature of the phenomenon. Our results provide new insights into the behavior of APs in contact with porous media and also a reference for the design and application of polymeric active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Yi-Wen Gao
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Wen-de Tian
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Kang Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China. .,School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China.
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13
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Li W, Li L, Shi Q, Yang M, Zheng N. Chiral separation of rotating robots through obstacle arrays. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Ravel G, Bergmann M, Trubuil A, Deschamps J, Briandet R, Labarthe S. Inferring characteristics of bacterial swimming in biofilm matrix from time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy. eLife 2022; 11:76513. [PMID: 35699414 PMCID: PMC9273218 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are spatially organized communities of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced organic matrix, conferring to the population emerging properties such as an increased tolerance to the action of antimicrobials. It was shown that some bacilli were able to swim in the exogenous matrix of pathogenic biofilms and to counterbalance these properties. Swimming bacteria can deliver antimicrobial agents in situ, or potentiate the activity of antimicrobial by creating a transient vascularization network in the matrix. Hence, characterizing swimmer trajectories in the biofilm matrix is of particular interest to understand and optimize this new biocontrol strategy in particular, but also more generally to decipher ecological drivers of population spatial structure in natural biofilms ecosystems. In this study, a new methodology is developed to analyze time-lapse confocal laser scanning images to describe and compare the swimming trajectories of bacilli swimmers populations and their adaptations to the biofilm structure. The method is based on the inference of a kinetic model of swimmer populations including mechanistic interactions with the host biofilm. After validation on synthetic data, the methodology is implemented on images of three different species of motile bacillus species swimming in a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. The fitted model allows to stratify the swimmer populations by their swimming behavior and provides insights into the mechanisms deployed by the micro-swimmers to adapt their swimming traits to the biofilm matrix. Anyone who has ever cleaned a bathroom probably faced biofilms, the dark, slimy deposits that lurk around taps and pipes. These structures are created by bacteria which abandon their solitary lifestyle to work together as a community, secreting various substances that allow the cells to organise themselves in 3D and to better resist external aggression. Unwanted biofilms can impair industrial operations or endanger health, for example when they form inside medical equipment or water supplies. Removing these structures usually involves massive application of substances which can cause long-term damage to the environment. Recently, researchers have observed that a range of small rod-shaped bacteria – or ‘bacilli’ – can penetrate a harmful biofilm and dig transient tunnels in its 3D structure. These ‘swimmers’ can enhance the penetration of anti-microbial agents, or could even be modified to deliver these molecules right inside the biofilm. However, little is known about how the various types of bacilli, which have very different shapes and propelling systems, can navigate the complex environment that is a biofilm. This knowledge would be essential for scientists to select which swimmers could be the best to harness for industrial and medical applications. To investigate this question, Ravel et al. established a way to track how three species of bacilli swim inside a biofilm compared to in a simple fluid. A mathematical model was created which integrated several swimming behaviors such as speed adaptation and direction changes in response to the structure and density of the biofilm. This modelling was then fitted on microscopy images of the different species navigating the two types of environments. Different motion patterns for the three bacilli emerged, each showing different degrees of adapting to moving inside a biofilm. One species, in particular, was able to run straight in and out of this environment because it could adapt its speed to the biofilm density as well as randomly change direction. The new method developed by Ravel et al. can be redeployed to systematically study swimmer candidates in different types of biofilms. This would allow scientists to examine how various swimming characteristics impact how bacteria-killing chemicals can penetrate the altered biofilms. In addition, as the mathematical model can predict trajectories, it could be used in computational studies to examine which species of bacilli would be best suited in industrial settings.
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15
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Zinati RBA, Besse M, Tarjus G, Tissier M. Dense polar active fluids in a disordered environment. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:064605. [PMID: 35854525 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.064605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We examine the influence of quenched disorder on the flocking transition of dense polar active matter. We consider incompressible systems of active particles with aligning interactions under the effect of either quenched random forces or random dilution. The system displays a continuous disorder-order (flocking) transition, and the associated scaling behavior is described by a new universality class which is controlled by a quenched Navier-Stokes fixed point. We determine the critical exponents through a perturbative renormalization group analysis. We show that the two forms of quenched disorder, random force and random mass (dilution), belong to the same universality class, in contrast with the situation at equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ben Alì Zinati
- Sorbonne University, CNRS-UMR7600, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Marc Besse
- Sorbonne University, CNRS-UMR7600, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Tarjus
- Sorbonne University, CNRS-UMR7600, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Tissier
- Sorbonne University, CNRS-UMR7600, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, F-75005, Paris, France
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16
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Codina J, Mahault B, Chaté H, Dobnikar J, Pagonabarraga I, Shi XQ. Small Obstacle in a Large Polar Flock. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:218001. [PMID: 35687474 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.218001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We show that arbitrarily large polar flocks are susceptible to the presence of a single small obstacle. In a wide region of parameter space, the obstacle triggers counterpropagating dense bands leading to reversals of the flow. In very large systems, these bands interact, yielding a never-ending chaotic dynamics that constitutes a new disordered phase of the system. While most of these results were obtained using simulations of aligning self-propelled particles, we find similar phenomena at the continuous level, not when considering the basic Toner-Tu hydrodynamic theory, but in simulations of truncations of the relevant Boltzmann equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Codina
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Benoît Mahault
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hugues Chaté
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7600, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jure Dobnikar
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xia-Qing Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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17
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Solon A, Chaté H, Toner J, Tailleur J. Susceptibility of Polar Flocks to Spatial Anisotropy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:208004. [PMID: 35657869 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.208004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of spatial anisotropy on polar flocks by investigating active q-state clock models in two dimensions. In contrast to the equilibrium case, we find that any amount of anisotropy is asymptotically relevant, drastically altering the phenomenology from that of the rotationally invariant case. All of the well-known physics of the Vicsek model, from giant density fluctuations to microphase separation, is replaced by that of the active Ising model, with short-range correlations and complete phase separation. These changes appear beyond a length scale that diverges in the q→∞ limit, so that the Vicsek-model phenomenology is observed in finite systems for weak enough anisotropy, i.e., sufficiently high q. We provide a scaling argument which explains why anisotropy has such different effects in the passive and active cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Solon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hugues Chaté
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, 75005 Paris, France
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - John Toner
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Julien Tailleur
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS, 75205 Paris, France
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18
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Gokhale S, Li J, Solon A, Gore J, Fakhri N. Dynamic clustering of passive colloids in dense suspensions of motile bacteria. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:054605. [PMID: 35706283 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.054605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of active and passive particles are predicted to exhibit a variety of nonequilibrium phases. Here we report a dynamic clustering phase in mixtures of colloids and motile bacteria. We show that colloidal clustering results from a balance between bond breaking due to persistent active motion and bond stabilization due to torques that align active particle velocity tangentially to the passive particle surface. Furthermore, dynamic clustering spans a broad regime between diffusivity-based and motility-induced phase separation that subsumes typical bacterial motility parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Gokhale
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Junang Li
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Alexandre Solon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, LPTMC, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jeff Gore
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Nikta Fakhri
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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19
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Bhattacharya K, Chakraborty A. Aggregation of self-propelled particles with sensitivity to local order. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:044124. [PMID: 35590585 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.044124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We study a system of self-propelled particles (SPPs) in which individual particles are allowed to switch between a fast aligning and a slow nonaligning state depending upon the degree of the alignment in the neighborhood. The switching is modeled using a threshold for the local order parameter. This additional attribute gives rise to a mixed phase, in contrast to the ordered phases found in clean SPP systems. As the threshold is increased from zero, we find the sudden appearance of clusters of nonaligners. Clusters of nonaligners coexist with moving clusters of aligners with continual coalescence and fragmentation. The behavior of the system with respect to the clustering of nonaligners appears to be very different for values of low and high global densities. In the low density regime, for an optimal value of the threshold, the largest cluster of nonaligners grows in size up to a maximum that varies logarithmically with the total number of particles. However, on further increasing the threshold the size decreases. In contrast, for the high density regime, an initial abrupt rise is followed by the appearance of a giant cluster of nonaligners. The latter growth can be characterized as a continuous percolation transition. In addition, we find that the speed differences between aligners and nonaligners is necessary for the segregation of aligners and nonaligners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Bhattacharya
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Abhijit Chakraborty
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstaedter Strasse 39, 1080 Vienna, Austria
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, 1 Nakaadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8306, Japan
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20
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Goswami K, Chakrabarti R. Motion of an active particle with dynamical disorder. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2332-2345. [PMID: 35244134 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01816g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a model for investigating the motion of a single active particle in a heterogeneous environment where the heterogeneity may arise due to crowding, conformational fluctuations and/or slow rearrangement of the surroundings. Describing the active particle in terms of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process (OUP) and incorporating heterogeneity in a thermal bath using two separate models, namely "diffusing diffusivity" and "switching diffusion", we explore the essential dynamical properties of the particle for its one-dimensional motion. In addition, we show how the dynamical behavior is controlled by dynamical variables associated with active noise such as strength and persistence time. Our model is relevant in the context of single particle dynamics in a crowded environment, driven by activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai 400076, India.
| | - Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai 400076, India.
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21
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Bhattacharjee T, Amchin DB, Alert R, Ott JA, Datta SS. Chemotactic smoothing of collective migration. eLife 2022; 11:e71226. [PMID: 35257660 PMCID: PMC8903832 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective migration-the directed, coordinated motion of many self-propelled agents-is a fascinating emergent behavior exhibited by active matter with functional implications for biological systems. However, how migration can persist when a population is confronted with perturbations is poorly understood. Here, we address this gap in knowledge through studies of bacteria that migrate via directed motion, or chemotaxis, in response to a self-generated nutrient gradient. We find that bacterial populations autonomously smooth out large-scale perturbations in their overall morphology, enabling the cells to continue to migrate together. This smoothing process arises from spatial variations in the ability of cells to sense and respond to the local nutrient gradient-revealing a population-scale consequence of the manner in which individual cells transduce external signals. Altogether, our work provides insights to predict, and potentially control, the collective migration and morphology of cellular populations and diverse other forms of active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapomoy Bhattacharjee
- The Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Daniel B Amchin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Ricard Alert
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Jenna Anne Ott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Sujit Sankar Datta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
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22
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Khadem SMJ, Siboni NH, Klapp SHL. Transport and phase separation of active Brownian particles in fluctuating environments. Phys Rev E 2022; 104:064615. [PMID: 35030915 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.064615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we study the dynamics of a single active Brownian particle, as well as the collective behavior of interacting active Brownian particles, in a fluctuating heterogeneous environment. We employ a variant of the diffusing diffusivity model where the equation of motion of the active particle involves a time-dependent motility and diffusivities. Within our model, those fluctuations are coupled to each other. Using analytical methods, we obtain the probability distribution function of particle displacement and its moments for a single particle. We then investigate the impact of the environmental fluctuations on the collective behavior of the active Brownian particles by means of extensive numerical simulations. Our results show that the fluctuations hinder the motility-induced phase separation, accompanied by a significant change of the density dependence of particle velocities. These effects are interpreted using our analytical results for the dynamics of a single particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M J Khadem
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - N H Siboni
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - S H L Klapp
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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23
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Ventejou B, Chaté H, Montagne R, Shi XQ. Susceptibility of Orientationally Ordered Active Matter to Chirality Disorder. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:238001. [PMID: 34936788 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.238001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the susceptibility of long-range ordered phases of two-dimensional dry aligning active matter to population disorder, taken in the form of a distribution of intrinsic individual chiralities. Using a combination of particle-level models and hydrodynamic theories derived from them, we show that while in finite systems all ordered phases resist a finite amount of such chirality disorder, the homogeneous ones (polar flocks and active nematics) are unstable to any amount of disorder in the infinite-size limit. On the other hand, we find that the inhomogeneous solutions of the coexistence phase (bands) may resist a finite amount of chirality disorder even asymptotically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ventejou
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugues Chaté
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Raul Montagne
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Xia-Qing Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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24
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Casiulis M, Hexner D, Levine D. Self-propulsion and self-navigation: Activity is a precursor to jamming. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:064614. [PMID: 35030902 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.064614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traffic jams are an everyday hindrance to transport and typically arise when many vehicles have the same or a similar destination. We show, however, that even when uniformly distributed in space and uncorrelated, targets have a crucial effect on transport. At modest densities an instability arises leading to jams with emergent correlations between the targets. By considering limiting cases of the dynamics which map onto active Brownian particles, we argue that motility induced phase separation is the precursor to jams. That is, jams are MIPS seeds that undergo an extra instability due to target accumulation. This provides a quantitative prediction of the onset density for jamming, and suggests how jamming might be delayed or prevented. We study the transition between jammed and flowing phase, and find that transport is most efficient on the cusp of jamming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Hexner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-IIT, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Dov Levine
- Department of Physics, Technion-IIT, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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25
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Forgács P, Libál A, Reichhardt C, Reichhardt CJO. Active matter shepherding and clustering in inhomogeneous environments. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:044613. [PMID: 34781504 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We consider a mixture of active and passive run-and-tumble disks in an inhomogeneous environment where only half of the sample contains quenched disorder or pinning. The disks are initialized in a fully mixed state of uniform density. We identify several distinct dynamical phases as a function of motor force and pinning density. At high pinning densities and high motor forces, there is a two-step process initiated by a rapid accumulation of both active and passive disks in the pinned region, which produces a large density gradient in the system. This is followed by a slower species phase separation process where the inactive disks are shepherded by the active disks into the pin-free region, forming a nonclustered fluid and producing a more uniform density with species phase separation. For higher pinning densities and low motor forces, the dynamics becomes very slow and the system maintains a strong density gradient. For weaker pinning and large motor forces, a floating clustered state appears, and the time-averaged density of the system is uniform. We illustrate the appearance of these phases in a dynamic phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Forgács
- Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Babeş-Bolya University, Cluj 400084, Romania
| | - A Libál
- Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Babeş-Bolya University, Cluj 400084, Romania
| | - C Reichhardt
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C J O Reichhardt
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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26
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Qian BS, Tian WD, Chen K. Absorption of self-propelled particles into a dense porous medium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20388-20397. [PMID: 34491254 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01234g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We study the absorption of self-propelled particles into a finite-size dense porous medium, which is mimicked by an obstacle array. We find that, depending on the competition of the propelling strength versus the repulsive barrier formed by obstacles and the contrast between the characteristic time scales of permeation and propelling persistence, the absorption process exhibits three distinct types of behavior. In Type I and II behavior, the propelling strength is not large enough to surmount the barrier, and hence particles transport in the medium by barrier-hopping dynamics. The initial permeation of particles toward the medium center is phenomenologically similar to a normal slow diffusion process. But, surprisingly, after the initial permeation process, a concentrated nucleus of particle aggregates forms and grows at the medium center in Type I, due to the long propelling persistence. Such an abnormal "nucleation" phenomenon does not appear in Type II, in which the propelling persistence is low. When the propelling strength is very high (Type III), particles transport smoothly in the medium, hence the initial slow diffusion process disappears and small particle clusters form and merge randomly in the medium. Our results provide a foundation for applications of active objects in a complex environment and also suggest the possible usage of a porous medium, for example, in the selection or sorting of active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Shuang Qian
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Wen-de Tian
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Kang Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China. .,School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
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27
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Sampat PB, Mishra S. Polar swimmers induce several phases in active nematics. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:024130. [PMID: 34525577 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.024130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Swimming bacteria in passive nematics in the form of lyotropic liquid crystals are defined as a new class of active matter known as living liquid crystals in recent studies. It has also been shown that liquid crystal solutions are promising candidates for trapping and detecting bacteria. We ask the question, can a similar class of matter be designed for background nematics which are also active? Hence, we developed a minimal model for the mixture of polar particles in active nematics. It is found that the active nematics in such a mixture are highly sensitive to the presence of polar particles and show the formation of large scale higher order structures for a relatively low polar particle density. Upon increasing the density of polar particles, different phases of active nematics are found and it is observed that the system shows two phase transitions. The first phase transition is a first order transition from quasi-long-ranged ordered active nematics to disordered active nematics with larger scale structures. On further increasing density of polar particles, the system transitions to a third phase, where polar particles form large, mutually aligned clusters. These clusters sweep the whole system and enforce local order in the nematics. The current study can be helpful for detecting the presence of very low densities of polar swimmers in active nematics and can be used to design and control different structures in active nematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Bimal Sampat
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P. - 221005 India
| | - Shradha Mishra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P. - 221005 India
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28
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Reichhardt C, Reichhardt CJO. Clogging, dynamics, and reentrant fluid for active matter on periodic substrates. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:062603. [PMID: 34271652 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.062603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We examine the collective states of run-and-tumble active matter disks driven over a periodic obstacle array. When the drive is applied along a symmetry direction of the array, we find a clog-free uniform liquid state for low activity, while at higher activity, the density becomes increasingly heterogeneous and an active clogged state emerges in which the mobility is strongly reduced. For driving along nonsymmetry or incommensurate directions, there are two different clogging behaviors consisting of a drive-dependent clogged state in the low activity thermal limit and a drive-independent clogged state at high activity. These regimes are separated by a uniform flowing liquid at intermediate activity. There is a critical activity level above which the thermal clogged state does not occur, as well as an optimal activity level that maximizes the disk mobility. Thermal clogged states are dependent on the driving direction while active clogged states are not. In the low activity regime, diluting the obstacles produces a monotonic increase in the mobility; however, for large activities, the mobility is more robust against obstacle dilution. We also examine the velocity-force curves for driving along nonsymmetry directions and find that they are linear when the activity is low or intermediate but become nonlinear at high activity and show behavior similar to that found for the plastic depinning of solids. At higher drives, the active clustering is lost. For low activity, we also find a reentrant fluid phase, where the system transitions from a high mobility fluid at low drives to a clogged state at higher drives and then back into another fluid phase at very high drives. We map the regions in which the thermally clogged, partially clogged, active uniform fluid, clustered fluid, active clogged, and directionally locked states occur as a function of disk density, drift force, and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Reichhardt
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C J O Reichhardt
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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29
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Duan Y, Mahault B, Ma YQ, Shi XQ, Chaté H. Breakdown of Ergodicity and Self-Averaging in Polar Flocks with Quenched Disorder. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:178001. [PMID: 33988412 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.178001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We show that spatial quenched disorder affects polar active matter in ways more complex and far reaching than heretofore believed. Using simulations of the 2D Vicsek model subjected to random couplings or a disordered scattering field, we find in particular that ergodicity is lost in the ordered phase, the nature of which we show to depend qualitatively on the type of quenched disorder: for random couplings, it remains long-range ordered, but qualitatively different from the pure (disorderless) case. For random scatterers, polar order varies with system size but we find strong non-self-averaging, with sample-to-sample fluctuations dominating asymptotically, which prevents us from elucidating the asymptotic status of order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Duan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Benoît Mahault
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yu-Qiang Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xia-Qing Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hugues Chaté
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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30
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31
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Chepizhko O, Saintillan D, Peruani F. Revisiting the emergence of order in active matter. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3113-3120. [PMID: 33599237 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01220c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of orientational order plays a central role in active matter theory and is deeply based in the study of active systems with a velocity alignment mechanism, whose most prominent example is the so-called Vicsek model. Such active systems have been used to describe bird flocks, bacterial swarms, and active colloidal systems, among many other examples. Under the assumption that the large-scale properties of these models remain unchanged as long as the polar symmetry of the interactions is not affected, implementations have been performed using, out of convenience, either additive or non-additive interactions; the latter are found for instance in the original formulation of the Vicsek model. Here, we perform a careful analysis of active systems with velocity alignment, comparing additive and non-additive interactions, and show that the macroscopic properties of these active systems are fundamentally different. Our results call into question our current understanding of the onset of order in active systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Chepizhko
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21A, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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32
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Chardac A, Shankar S, Marchetti MC, Bartolo D. Emergence of dynamic vortex glasses in disordered polar active fluids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2018218118. [PMID: 33658364 PMCID: PMC7958234 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018218118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In equilibrium, disorder conspires with topological defects to redefine the ordered states of matter in systems as diverse as crystals, superconductors, and liquid crystals. Far from equilibrium, however, the consequences of quenched disorder on active condensed matter remain virtually uncharted. Here, we reveal a state of strongly disordered active matter with no counterparts in equilibrium: a dynamical vortex glass. Combining microfluidic experiments and theory, we show how colloidal flocks collectively cruise through disordered environments without relaxing the topological singularities of their flows. The resulting state is highly dynamical but the flow patterns, shaped by a finite density of frozen vortices, are stationary and exponentially degenerated. Quenched isotropic disorder acts as a random gauge field turning active liquids into dynamical vortex glasses. We argue that this robust mechanism should shape the collective dynamics of a broad class of disordered active matter, from synthetic active nematics to collections of living cells exploring heterogeneous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Chardac
- Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Suraj Shankar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | | | - Denis Bartolo
- Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France;
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33
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Ro S, Kafri Y, Kardar M, Tailleur J. Disorder-Induced Long-Ranged Correlations in Scalar Active Matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:048003. [PMID: 33576681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.048003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the impact of quenched random potentials and torques on scalar active matter. Microscopic simulations reveal that motility-induced phase separation is replaced in two dimensions by an asymptotically homogeneous phase with anomalous long-ranged correlations and nonvanishing steady-state currents. Using a combination of phenomenological models and a field-theoretical treatment, we show the existence of a lower-critical dimension d_{c}=4, below which phase separation is only observed for systems smaller than an Imry-Ma length scale. We identify a weak-disorder regime in which the structure factor scales as S(q)∼1/q^{2}, which accounts for our numerics. In d=2, we predict that, at larger scales, the behavior should cross over to a strong-disorder regime. In d>2, these two regimes exist separately, depending on the strength of the potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghan Ro
- Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yariv Kafri
- Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Mehran Kardar
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Julien Tailleur
- Université de Paris, laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS, 75205 Paris, France
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Kumar S, Mishra S. Active nematics with quenched disorder. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:052609. [PMID: 33327090 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.052609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a two-dimensional active nematic with quenched disorder. We write the coarse-grained hydrodynamic equations of motion for slow variables, viz. density and orientation. Disorder strength is tuned from zero to large values. Results from the numerical solution of equations of motion as well as the calculation of two-point orientation correlation function using linear approximation shows that the ordered steady state follows a disorder dependent crossover from quasi-long-range order to short-range order. Such crossover is due to the pinning of ±1/2 topological defects in the presence of finite disorder, which breaks the system in uncorrelated domains. Finite disorder slows the dynamics of +1/2 defect, and it leads to slower growth dynamics. The two-point correlation functions for the density and orientation fields show good dynamic scaling but no static scaling for the different disorder strengths. Our findings can motivate experimentalists to verify the results and find applications in living and artificial apolar systems in the presence of a quenched disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Shradha Mishra
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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35
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Gou YL, Jiang HJ, Hou ZH. Emergent swarming states in active particles system with opposite anisotropic interactions. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2003037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-liang Gou
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hui-jun Jiang
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhong-huai Hou
- Department of Chemical Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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36
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Breoni D, Schmiedeberg M, Löwen H. Active Brownian and inertial particles in disordered environments: Short-time expansion of the mean-square displacement. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:062604. [PMID: 33465967 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.062604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We consider an active Brownian particle moving in a disordered two-dimensional energy or motility landscape. The averaged mean-square displacement (MSD) of the particle is calculated analytically within a systematic short-time expansion. As a result, for overdamped particles, both an external random force field and disorder in the self-propulsion speed induce ballistic behavior adding to the ballistic regime of an active particle with sharp self-propulsion speed. Spatial correlations in the force and motility landscape contribute only to the cubic and higher-order powers in time for the MSD. Finally, for inertial particles two superballistic regimes are found where the scaling exponent of the MSD with time is α=3 and α=4. We confirm our theoretical predictions by computer simulations. Moreover, they are verifiable in experiments on self-propelled colloids in random environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Breoni
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Schmiedeberg
- Institut für Theoretische Physik 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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37
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Mandal S, Kurzthaler C, Franosch T, Löwen H. Crowding-Enhanced Diffusion: An Exact Theory for Highly Entangled Self-Propelled Stiff Filaments. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:138002. [PMID: 33034497 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.138002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study a strongly interacting crowded system of self-propelled stiff filaments by event-driven Brownian dynamics simulations and an analytical theory to elucidate the intricate interplay of crowding and self-propulsion. We find a remarkable increase of the effective diffusivity upon increasing the filament number density by more than one order of magnitude. This counterintuitive "crowded is faster" behavior can be rationalized by extending the concept of a confining tube pioneered by Doi and Edwards for highly entangled, crowded, passive to active systems. We predict a scaling theory for the effective diffusivity as a function of the Péclet number and the filament number density. Subsequently, we show that an exact expression derived for a single self-propelled filament with motility parameters as input can predict the nontrivial spatiotemporal dynamics over the entire range of length and timescales. In particular, our theory captures short-time diffusion, directed swimming motion at intermediate times, and the transition to complete orientational relaxation at long times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Mandal
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Kurzthaler
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Franosch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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38
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Large-Scale Dynamics of Self-propelled Particles Moving Through Obstacles: Model Derivation and Pattern Formation. Bull Math Biol 2020; 82:129. [PMID: 32978682 PMCID: PMC7519010 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We model and study the patterns created through the interaction of collectively moving self-propelled particles (SPPs) and elastically tethered obstacles. Simulations of an individual-based model reveal at least three distinct large-scale patterns: travelling bands, trails and moving clusters. This motivates the derivation of a macroscopic partial differential equations model for the interactions between the self-propelled particles and the obstacles, for which we assume large tether stiffness. The result is a coupled system of nonlinear, non-local partial differential equations. Linear stability analysis shows that patterning is expected if the interactions are strong enough and allows for the predictions of pattern size from model parameters. The macroscopic equations reveal that the obstacle interactions induce short-ranged SPP aggregation, irrespective of whether obstacles and SPPs are attractive or repulsive.
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Guisoni N, Mazzitello KI, Diambra L. Alternating regimes of motion in a model with cell-cell interactions. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:062408. [PMID: 32688606 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.062408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellular movement is a complex dynamic process, resulting from the interaction of multiple elements at the intra- and extracellular levels. This epiphenomenon presents a variety of behaviors, which can include normal and anomalous diffusion or collective migration. In some cases, cells can get neighborhood information through chemical or mechanical cues. A unified understanding about how such information can influence the dynamics of cell movement is still lacking. In order to improve our comprehension of cell migration we have considered a cellular Potts model where cells move actively in the direction of a driving field. The intensity of this driving field is constant, while its orientation can evolve according to two alternative dynamics based on the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. In one case, the next orientation of the driving field depends on the previous direction of the field. In the other case, the direction update considers the mean orientation performed by the cell in previous steps. Thus, the latter update rule mimics the ability of cells to perceive the environment, avoiding obstacles and thus increasing the cellular displacement. Different cell densities are considered to reveal the effect of cell-cell interactions. Our results indicate that both dynamics introduce temporal and spatial correlations in cell velocity in a friction-coefficient and cell-density-dependent manner. Furthermore, we observe alternating regimes in the mean-square displacement, with normal and anomalous diffusion. The crossovers between diffusive and directed motion regimes are strongly affected by both the driving field dynamics and cell-cell interactions. In this sense, when cell polarization update grants information about the previous cellular displacement, the duration of the diffusive regime decreases, particularly in high-density cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Guisoni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina I Mazzitello
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, B7608 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Diambra
- Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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40
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Shi SJ, Li HS, Feng GQ, Tian WD, Chen K. Transport of self-propelled particles across a porous medium: trapping, clogging, and the Matthew effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14052-14060. [PMID: 32568323 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01923b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We study the transport of self-propelled particles from one free chamber to another across two stripe-like areas of dense porous medium. The medium is mimicked by arrays of obstacles. We find that active motion could greatly speed up the transport of particles. However, more and more particles become trapped in the obstacle arrays with the enhancement of activity. At high persistence (low rotational diffusion rate) and moderate particle concentration, we observe the Matthew effect in the aggregation of particles in the two obstacle arrays. This effect is weakened by introduction of randomness or deformability into the obstacle arrays. Moreover, the dependence on deformability shows the characteristics of first-order phase transition. In rare situations, the system could be stuck in a dynamic unstable state, e.g. the particles alternatively gather more in one of the two obstacle arrays, exhibiting oscillation of particle number between the arrays. Our results reveal new features in the transport of active objects in a complex medium and have implications for manipulating their collective assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Jia Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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41
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Pattanayak S, Singh JP, Kumar M, Mishra S. Speed inhomogeneity accelerates information transfer in polar flock. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:052602. [PMID: 32575321 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.052602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A collection of self-propelled particles (SPPs) shows coherent motion and exhibits a true long-range-ordered state in two dimensions. Various studies show that the presence of spatial inhomogeneities can destroy the usual long-range ordering in the system. However, the effects of inhomogeneity due to the intrinsic properties of the particles are barely addressed. In this paper we consider a collection of polar SPPs moving at inhomogeneous speed (IS) on a two-dimensional substrate, which can arise due to varying physical strengths of the individual particles. To our surprise, the IS not only preserves the usual long-range ordering present in homogeneous speed models but also induces faster ordering in the system. Furthermore, the response of the flock to an external perturbation is also faster, compared to the Vicsek-like model systems, due to the frequent update of neighbors of each SPP in the presence of the IS. Therefore, our study shows that an IS can promote information transfer in a moving flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Pattanayak
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, J D Block, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Jay Prakash Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Manoranjan Kumar
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, J D Block, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Shradha Mishra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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42
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Pan JX, Wei H, Qi MJ, Wang HF, Zhang JJ, Tian WD, Chen K. Vortex formation of spherical self-propelled particles around a circular obstacle. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5545-5551. [PMID: 32510067 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A vortex is a common ratchet phenomenon in active systems. The spatial symmetry is usually broken by introducing asymmetric shapes or spontaneously by collective motion in the presence of hydrodynamic interactions or other alignment effects. Unexpectedly, we observe, by simulations, the formation of a vortex in the simplest model of a circular obstacle immersed in a bath of spherical self-propelled particles. No symmetry-breaking factors mentioned above are included in this model. The vortex forms only when the particle activity is high, i.e. large persistence. The obstacle size is also a key factor and the vortex only forms in a limited range of obstacle sizes. The sustainment of the vortex originates from the bias of the rotating particle cluster around the obstacle in accepting the incoming particles based on their propelling directions. Our results provide new understanding of and insights into the spontaneous symmetry-breaking and ratchet phenomena in active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xing Pan
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China.
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43
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Caprini L, Cecconi F, Puglisi A, Sarracino A. Diffusion properties of self-propelled particles in cellular flows. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5431-5438. [PMID: 32469036 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of a self-propelled particle advected by a steady laminar flow. The persistent motion of the self-propelled particle is described by an active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We focus on the diffusivity properties of the particle as a function of persistence time and free-diffusion coefficient, revealing non-monotonic behaviors, with the occurrence of a minimum and a steep growth in the regime of large persistence time. In the latter limit, we obtain an analytical prediction for the scaling of the diffusion coefficient with the parameters of the active force. Our study sheds light on the effect of a flow-field on the diffusion of active particles, such as living microorganisms and motile phytoplankton in fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Caprini
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Via. F. Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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44
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Bera PK, Sood AK. Motile dissenters disrupt the flocking of active granular matter. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:052615. [PMID: 32575184 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.052615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report flocking in the dry active granular matter of millimeter-sized two-step-tapered rods without an intervening medium. The system undergoes the flocking phase transition at a threshold area fraction of ∼0.12 having high orientational correlations between the particles. However, the one-step-tapered rods do not flock and are used as the motile dissenters in the flock-forming granular matter. At the critical fraction of dissenters of ∼0.3, the flocking order of the system gets completely destroyed. The variance of the system's order parameter shows a maximum near the dissenter fraction f∼0.05, suggesting a finite-size crossover between the ordered and disordered phases. Our experiments bring out the disruption of the cooperative behavior in heterogeneous active systems with possible implications in real-life examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip K Bera
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - A K Sood
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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45
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Rahmani P, Peruani F, Romanczuk P. Flocking in complex environments-Attention trade-offs in collective information processing. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007697. [PMID: 32251423 PMCID: PMC7173936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of biological and artificial collectives to outperform solitary individuals in a wide variety of tasks depends crucially on the efficient processing of social and environmental information at the level of the collective. Here, we model collective behavior in complex environments with many potentially distracting cues. Counter-intuitively, large-scale coordination in such environments can be maximized by strongly limiting the cognitive capacity of individuals, where due to self-organized dynamics the collective self-isolates from disrupting information. We observe a fundamental trade-off between coordination and collective responsiveness to environmental cues. Our results offer important insights into possible evolutionary trade-offs in collective behavior in biology and suggests novel principles for design of artificial swarms exploiting attentional bottlenecks. Understanding how consensus is reached and information is processed within a collective is fundamental to many aspects of social dynamics in animals and humans. It is widely accepted that high connectivity among individuals facilitates group consensus, and being in a group provides benefits to individuals through social information about the environment provided by other group members. We show that this does not hold for collectives in complex environments: Limited attention capacity, that severely reduces connectivity among individuals, is highly beneficial for global coordination. However, this comes at a price: Collectives outperform isolated individuals in responding to the environment only at sufficiently high attention capacities, where global coordination breaks down. Thus, we demonstrate a fundamental trade-off in collective behavior between social coordination and responsiveness to environmental cues. Our work demonstrates the importance of sensory and cognitive limitations for the emergence and function of animal collectives, and poses fundamental questions about co-evolution of social behavior and individual attention capacity. The observed trade-off in collective information processing has implications for human social systems and for the design of robotic swarms operating in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rahmani
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fernando Peruani
- Université Côte d’Azur, Laboratoire J.A. Dieudonné, UMR 7351 CNRS, Parc Valrose, F-06108 Nice Cedex 02, France
| | - Pawel Romanczuk
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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46
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Lin SZ, Li Y, Ji J, Li B, Feng XQ. Collective dynamics of coherent motile cells on curved surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2941-2952. [PMID: 32108851 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02375e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular dynamic behaviors in organ morphogenesis and embryogenesis are affected by geometrical constraints. In this paper, we investigate how the surface topology and curvature of the underlying substrate tailor collective cell migration. An active vertex model is developed to explore the collective dynamics of coherent cells crawling on curved surfaces. We show that cells can self-organize into rich dynamic patterns including local swirling, global rotation, spiral crawling, serpentine crawling, and directed migration, depending on the interplay between cell-cell interactions and geometric constraints. Increasing substrate curvature results in higher cell-cell bending energy and thus tends to suppress local swirling and enhance density fluctuations. Substrate topology is revealed to regulate both the collective migration modes and density fluctuations of cell populations. In addition, upon increasing noise intensity, a Kosterlitz-Thouless-like ordering transition can emerge on both undevelopable and developable surfaces. This study paves the way to investigate various in vivo morphomechanics that involve surface curvature and topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Zhen Lin
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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47
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Maitra A. Active uniaxially ordered suspensions on disordered substrates. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:012605. [PMID: 32069541 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.012605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Multiple experiments on active systems consider oriented active suspensions on substrates or in chambers tightly confined along one direction. The theories of polar and apolar phases in such geometries were considered in A. Maitra et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 028002 (2020)10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.028002] and A. Maitra et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 115, 6934 (2018)10.1073/pnas.1720607115], respectively. However, the presence of quenched random disorder due to the substrate cannot be completely eliminated in many experimental contexts possibly masking the predictions from those theories. In this paper, I consider the effect of quenched orientational disorder on the phase behavior of both polar and apolar suspensions on substrates. I show that polar suspensions have long-range order in two dimensions with anomalous number fluctuations, while their apolar counterparts have only short-range order, albeit with a correlation length that can increase with activity, and even more violent number fluctuations than active nematics without quenched disorder. These results should be of value in interpreting experiments on active suspensions on substrates with random disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananyo Maitra
- Sorbonne Université and CNRS, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005 Paris, France
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48
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Borba AD, Domingos JLC, Moraes ECB, Potiguar FQ, Ferreira WP. Controlling the transport of active matter in disordered lattices of asymmetrical obstacles. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:022601. [PMID: 32168671 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.022601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the transport of active matter in the presence of a disordered square lattice of asymmetric obstacles, which is built by removing a fraction of them from the initial full lattice. We obtain a spontaneous inversion of the net particle current, compared to the usual sense of such a current as a function of the fraction of removed obstacles and particle density. We observed that the negative current regime is the consequence of trapping of particles among the obstacles which favors that more particles move in the negative current direction. The same reasoning applies to the positive current regime as well. We show a calculation that partially reproduces our numerical results, based on the argument that the mean current is given by the product of the mean speed and the mean number of travelers in each direction; the breakdown of this assumption is responsible for the failure of our calculation to reproduce the initial negative current regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Borba
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jorge L C Domingos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - E C B Moraes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Coordenação de Ensino Médio, Tucuruí, Pará, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Faculdade de Física, ICEN, Av. Augusto Correa, 1, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - F Q Potiguar
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Faculdade de Física, ICEN, Av. Augusto Correa, 1, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - W P Ferreira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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49
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Wysocki A, Rieger H. Capillary Action in Scalar Active Matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:048001. [PMID: 32058737 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.048001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the capacity of active matter to rise in thin tubes against gravity and other related phenomena like wetting of vertical plates and spontaneous imbibition, where a wetting liquid is drawn into a porous medium. This capillary action or capillarity is well known in classical fluids and originates from attractive interactions between the liquid molecules and the container walls, and from the attraction of the liquid molecules among each other. We observe capillarity in a minimal model for scalar active matter with purely repulsive interactions, where an effective attraction emerges due to slowdown during collisions between active particles and between active particles and walls. Simulations indicate that the capillary rise in thin tubes is approximately proportional to the active sedimentation length λ and that the wetting height of a vertical plate grows superlinear with λ. In a disordered porous medium the imbibition height scales as ⟨h⟩∝λϕ_{m}, where ϕ_{m} is its packing fraction. These predictions are highly relevant for suspensions of sedimenting active colloids or motile bacteria in a porous medium under the influence of a constant force field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wysocki
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Heiko Rieger
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
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Das R, Kumar M, Mishra S. Nonquenched rotators ease flocking and memorize it. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:012607. [PMID: 32069681 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.012607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a minimal model for a two-dimensional polar flock with nonquenched rotators and show that the rotators make the usual macroscopic long-range order of the flock more robust than the clean system. The rotators memorize the flock-information which helps in establishing the robustness. Moreover, the memory of the rotators assists in probing the moving flock. We also formulate a hydrodynamic framework for the microscopic model that makes our study comprehensive. Using linearized hydrodynamics, it is shown that the presence of such nonquenched heterogeneities increases the sound speeds of the flock. The enhanced sound speeds lead to faster convection of information and consequently the robust ordering in the system. We argue that similar nonquenched heterogeneities may be useful in monitoring and controlling large crowds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Das
- S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Manoranjan Kumar
- S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Shradha Mishra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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