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Liu TW, Chen BW, Yu HH, Cheng WY. High-resolution Cs-Rb two-photon spectrometer for directly stabilizing a Ti:sapphire comb laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2421-2424. [PMID: 37126288 DOI: 10.1364/ol.486825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a simple scheme for efficiently removing the residual Doppler background of a comb laser based two-photon spectrometer to be better than 10-3 background-to-signal ratio. We applied this scheme to stabilize the frequencies of a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser directly referring to the cesium 6S-8S transition and rubidium 5S-5D transition. We suggest a standard operation procedure (SOP) for the fully direct comb laser stabilization and evaluate the frequency of two spectral lines at a certain temperature, by which we demonstrate an all-atomic-transition-based Ti:sapphire comb laser merely via a 6-cm glass cell.
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Chen KH, Wu CM, Wu SR, Yu HH, Liu TW, Cheng WY. Influence of atmospheric helium on secondary clocks. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4088-4091. [PMID: 32667361 DOI: 10.1364/ol.394464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glass-cell-based secondary clocks, including coherent population trapping (CPT) clocks, are the most used clocks in modern laboratories and in industry. However, the reported frequency accuracies of those secondary clocks were always much worse than expected, though all error sources have been previously discussed. In this report, a high-precision measurement on the spectral frequency-linewidth relation (FL-R) is first used for revealing a new error source in secondary clocks by which we answer the puzzle raised in Opt. Lett.38, 3186 (2013)10.1364/OL.38.003186.
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Stern L, Stone JR, Kang S, Cole DC, Suh MG, Fredrick C, Newman Z, Vahala K, Kitching J, Diddams SA, Papp SB. Direct Kerr frequency comb atomic spectroscopy and stabilization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax6230. [PMID: 32158936 PMCID: PMC7048413 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax6230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microresonator-based soliton frequency combs, microcombs, have recently emerged to offer low-noise, photonic-chip sources for applications, spanning from timekeeping to optical-frequency synthesis and ranging. Broad optical bandwidth, brightness, coherence, and frequency stability have made frequency combs important to directly probe atoms and molecules, especially in trace gas detection, multiphoton light-atom interactions, and spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet. Here, we explore direct microcomb atomic spectroscopy, using a cascaded, two-photon 1529-nm atomic transition in a rubidium micromachined cell. Fine and simultaneous repetition rate and carrier-envelope offset frequency control of the soliton enables direct sub-Doppler and hyperfine spectroscopy. Moreover, the entire set of microcomb modes are stabilized to this atomic transition, yielding absolute optical-frequency fluctuations at the kilohertz level over a few seconds and <1-MHz day-to-day accuracy. Our work demonstrates direct atomic spectroscopy with Kerr microcombs and provides an atomic-stabilized microcomb laser source, operating across the telecom band for sensing, dimensional metrology, and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Stern
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Corresponding author. (L.S.); (S.B.P)
| | - Jordan R. Stone
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Songbai Kang
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Daniel C. Cole
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Myoung-Gyun Suh
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Connor Fredrick
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Zachary Newman
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Kerry Vahala
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - John Kitching
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Scott A. Diddams
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Scott B. Papp
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Corresponding author. (L.S.); (S.B.P)
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Nishiyama A, Nakajima Y, Nakagawa K, Minoshima K. Precise and highly-sensitive Doppler-free two-photon absorption dual-comb spectroscopy using pulse shaping and coherent averaging for fluorescence signal detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:8957-8967. [PMID: 29715855 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.008957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated Doppler-free two-photon absorption dual-comb spectroscopy of 5S1/2 - 5D5/2 and 5D3/2 transitions of Rb. We employed simple pulse-shaping of the dual-comb source and eliminated Doppler-broadening backgrounds, which cause fitting errors of the Doppler-free signals. Moreover, to improve sensitivity, we investigated the coherence in dual-comb fluorescence signals and the coherent averaging method was applied to fluorescence dual-comb detection for the first time. The detection sensitivity was significantly improved by coherent averaging to reduce the noise floor. Observed Doppler-free spectra was fitted to Voigt profiles and we performed absolute frequency determination with a precision of about 100 kHz.
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Kim M, Kim K, Cao D, Gao F, Shuang F, Ahn J. Ultrafast spatial coherent control methods for transition pathway resolving spectroscopy of atomic rubidium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:1324-1332. [PMID: 29402007 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.001324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of the ultrafast spatial coherent-control method to resolve the fine-structure two-photon transitions of atomic rubidium. Counter-propagating ultrafast optical pulses with spectral phase and amplitude programmed with our optimized solutions successfully induced the two-photon transitions through 5S1/2-5P1/2-5D and 5S1/2-5P3/2-5D pathways, both simultaneously and at distinct spatial locations. Three different pulse-shaping solutions are introduced that combine amplitude shaping, which avoids direct intermediate resonances, and phase programming, which enables the remaining spectral components to be coherently interfered through the targeted transition pathways. Experiments were performed with a room-temperature vapor cell, and the results agree well with theoretical analysis.
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Altmann RK, Galtier S, Dreissen LS, Eikema KSE. High-Precision Ramsey-Comb Spectroscopy at Deep Ultraviolet Wavelengths. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:173201. [PMID: 27824468 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.173201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-precision spectroscopy in systems such as molecular hydrogen and helium ions is very interesting in view of tests of quantum electrodynamics and the proton radius puzzle. However, the required deep ultraviolet and shorter wavelengths pose serious experimental challenges. Here we show Ramsey-comb spectroscopy in the deep ultraviolet for the first time, thereby demonstrating its enabling capabilities for precision spectroscopy at short wavelengths. We excite ^{84}Kr in an atomic beam on the two-photon 4p^{6}→4p^{5}5p[1/2]_{0} transition at 212.55 nm. It is shown that the ac-Stark shift is effectively eliminated, and combined with a counterpropagating excitation geometry to suppress Doppler effects, a transition frequency of 2 820 833 101 679(103) kHz is found. The uncertainty of our measurement is 34 times smaller than the best previous measurement, and only limited by the 27 ns lifetime of the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Altmann
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Galtier
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L S Dreissen
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K S E Eikema
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Direct frequency comb optical frequency standard based on two-photon transitions of thermal atoms. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15114. [PMID: 26459877 PMCID: PMC4602190 DOI: 10.1038/srep15114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical clocks have been the focus of science and technology research areas due to their capability to provide highest frequency accuracy and stability to date. Their superior frequency performance promises significant advances in the fields of fundamental research as well as practical applications including satellite-based navigation and ranging. In traditional optical clocks, ultrastable optical cavities, laser cooling and particle (atoms or a single ion) trapping techniques are employed to guarantee high stability and accuracy. However, on the other hand, they make optical clocks an entire optical tableful of equipment, and cannot work continuously for a long time; as a result, they restrict optical clocks used as very convenient and compact time-keeping clocks. In this article, we proposed, and experimentally demonstrated, a novel scheme of optical frequency standard based on comb-directly-excited atomic two-photon transitions. By taking advantage of the natural properties of the comb and two-photon transitions, this frequency standard achieves a simplified structure, high robustness as well as decent frequency stability, which promise widespread applications in various scenarios.
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Wu J, Hou D, Qin Z, Dai X, Zhang Z, Zhao J. Erbium fiber laser-based direct frequency comb spectroscopy of Rb two-photon transitions. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:5028-5031. [PMID: 24281501 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.005028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the direct frequency comb spectroscopy of Rb 5S→5D two-photon transitions directly excited by an optical frequency comb (OFC) in 1.5 μm fiber communication bands. A chain of comb spectral manipulation and quantum coherence control is implemented to enhance the efficiency of second harmonic OFC generation and eliminate the Doppler-broadening background. The direct frequency comb spectroscopy with clearly resolved transition lines is obtained. Our scheme provides a potential approach to realize the OFC at ~1.5 μm with high stability and accuracy.
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Morzyński P, Wcisło P, Ablewski P, Gartman R, Gawlik W, Masłowski P, Nagórny B, Ozimek F, Radzewicz C, Witkowski M, Ciuryło R, Zawada M. Absolute frequency measurement of rubidium 5S-7S two-photon transitions. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:4581-4584. [PMID: 24322079 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the absolute frequency measurements of rubidium 5S-7S two-photon transitions with a cw laser digitally locked to an atomic transition and referenced to an optical frequency comb. The narrow, two-photon transition, 5S-7S (760 nm), insensitive to first-order in a magnetic field, is a promising candidate for frequency reference. The performed tests yielded more accurate transition frequencies than previously reported.
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