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Wang C, Li X, Xiao XR, Yang Y, Luo S, Yu X, Xu X, Peng LY, Gong Q, Ding D. Accurate in situ Measurement of Ellipticity Based on Subcycle Ionization Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:013203. [PMID: 31012706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.013203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Elliptically polarized laser pulses (EPLPs) are widely applied in many fields of ultrafast sciences, but the ellipticity (ϵ) has never been in situ measured in the interaction zone of the laser focus. In this Letter, we propose and realize a robust scheme to retrieve the ϵ by temporally overlapping two identical counterrotating EPLPs. The combined linearly electric field is coherently controlled to ionize Xe atoms by varying the phase delay between the two EPLPs. The electron spectra of the above-threshold ionization and the ion yield are sensitively modulated by the phase delay. We demonstrate that these modulations can be used to accurately determine ϵ of the EPLP. We show that the present method is highly reliable and is applicable in a wide range of laser parameters. The accurate retrieval of ϵ offers a better characterization of a laser pulse, promising a more delicate and quantitative control of the subcycle dynamics in many strong field processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncheng Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiang-Ru Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yizhang Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Sizuo Luo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xitao Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinpeng Xu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Liang-You Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, West Bld. #3, No. 10 Xibeiwang East Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, West Bld. #3, No. 10 Xibeiwang East Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dajun Ding
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Dubois J, Berman SA, Chandre C, Uzer T. Capturing Photoelectron Motion with Guiding Centers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:113202. [PMID: 30265122 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.113202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron motion in combined strong laser and Coulomb fields is central to laser-matter interactions. By mapping this problem onto the motion of a guiding center, we derive a reduced model which naturally embeds important Coulomb effects such as focusing and asymmetry, and clearly distinguishes direct versus rescattered electron ionization processes. We demonstrate the power of this tool by unraveling the bifurcation in photoelectron momentum distributions seen in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dubois
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Marseille, France
| | - S A Berman
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Marseille, France
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA
| | - C Chandre
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, Marseille, France
| | - T Uzer
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA
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Zhang W, Yu Z, Gong X, Wang J, Lu P, Li H, Song Q, Ji Q, Lin K, Ma J, Li H, Sun F, Qiang J, Zeng H, He F, Wu J. Visualizing and Steering Dissociative Frustrated Double Ionization of Hydrogen Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:253202. [PMID: 29303298 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.253202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally visualize the dissociative frustrated double ionization of hydrogen molecules by using few-cycle laser pulses in a pump-probe scheme, in which process the tunneling ionized electron is recaptured by one of the outgoing nuclei of the breaking molecule. Three internuclear distances are recognized to enhance the dissociative frustrated double ionization of molecules at different instants after the first ionization step. The recapture of the electron can be further steered to one of the outgoing nuclei as desired by using phase-controlled two-color laser pulses. Both the experimental measurements and numerical simulations suggest that the Rydberg atom is favored to emit to the direction of the maximum of the asymmetric optical field. Our results on the one hand intuitively visualize the dissociative frustrated double ionization of molecules, and on the other hand open the possibility to selectively excite the heavy fragment ejected from a molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zuqing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qiying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qinying Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hanxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Fenghao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junjie Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Heping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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Ortmann L, Pérez-Hernández JA, Ciappina MF, Schötz J, Chacón A, Zeraouli G, Kling MF, Roso L, Lewenstein M, Landsman AS. Emergence of a Higher Energy Structure in Strong Field Ionization with Inhomogeneous Electric Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:053204. [PMID: 28949751 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.053204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies of strong field ionization have historically relied on the strong field approximation, which neglects all spatial dependence in the forces experienced by the electron after ionization. More recently, the small spatial inhomogeneity introduced by the long-range Coulomb potential has been linked to a number of important features in the photoelectron spectrum, such as Coulomb asymmetry, Coulomb focusing, and the low energy structure. Here, we demonstrate using midinfrared laser wavelength that a time-varying spatial dependence in the laser electric field, such as that produced in the vicinity of a nanostructure, creates a prominent higher energy peak. This higher energy structure (HES) originates from direct electrons ionized near the peak of a single half-cycle of the laser pulse. The HES is separated from all other ionization events, with its location and width highly dependent on the strength of spatial inhomogeneity. Hence, the HES can be used as a sensitive tool for near-field characterization in the "intermediate regime," where the electron's quiver amplitude is comparable to the field decay length. Moreover, the large accumulation of electrons with tuneable energy suggests a promising method for creating a localized source of electron pulses of attosecond duration using tabletop laser technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ortmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - J A Pérez-Hernández
- Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Científico, E-37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M F Ciappina
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Schötz
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Chacón
- ICFO-Institut de Ciences Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - G Zeraouli
- Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Científico, E-37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M F Kling
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Roso
- Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Científico, E-37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Lewenstein
- ICFO-Institut de Ciences Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08860 Castelldefels, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A S Landsman
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, Max Planck Postech, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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Zimmermann T, Mishra S, Doran BR, Gordon DF, Landsman AS. Tunneling Time and Weak Measurement in Strong Field Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:233603. [PMID: 27341232 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.233603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling delays represent a hotly debated topic, with many conflicting definitions and little consensus on when and if such definitions accurately describe the physical observables. Here, we relate these different definitions to distinct experimental observables in strong field ionization, finding that two definitions, Larmor time and Bohmian time, are compatible with the attoclock observable and the resonance lifetime of a bound state, respectively. Both of these definitions are closely connected to the theory of weak measurement, with Larmor time being the weak measurement value of tunneling time and Bohmian trajectory corresponding to the average particle trajectory, which has been recently reconstructed using weak measurement in a two-slit experiment [S. Kocsis, B. Braverman, S. Ravets, M. J. Stevens, R. P. Mirin, L. K. Shalm, and A. M. Steinberg, Science 332, 1170 (2011)]. We demonstrate a big discrepancy in strong field ionization between the Bohmian and weak measurement values of tunneling time, and we suggest this arises because the tunneling time is calculated for a small probability postselected ensemble of electrons. Our results have important implications for the interpretation of experiments in attosecond science, suggesting that tunneling is unlikely to be an instantaneous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Zimmermann
- Seminar for Applied Mathematics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Siddhartha Mishra
- Seminar for Applied Mathematics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brent R Doran
- Department of Mathematics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Gordon
- Radiation and Acceleration Physics Section, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - Alexandra S Landsman
- Seminar for Applied Mathematics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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Momentum Distribution of Near-Zero-Energy Photoelectrons in the Strong-Field Tunneling Ionization in the Long Wavelength Limit. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11473. [PMID: 26081971 PMCID: PMC4469979 DOI: 10.1038/srep11473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the ionization dynamics of Argon atoms irradiated by an ultrashort intense laser of a wavelength up to 3100 nm, addressing the momentum distribution of the photoelectrons with near-zero-energy. We find a surprising accumulation in the momentum distribution corresponding to meV energy and a “V”-like structure at the slightly larger transverse momenta. Semiclassical simulations indicate the crucial role of the Coulomb attraction between the escaping electron and the remaining ion at an extremely large distance. Tracing back classical trajectories, we find the tunneling electrons born in a certain window of the field phase and transverse velocity are responsible for the striking accumulation. Our theoretical results are consistent with recent meV-resolved high-precision measurements.
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Gong X, Song Q, Ji Q, Lin K, Pan H, Ding J, Zeng H, Wu J. Channel-resolved above-threshold double ionization of acetylene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:163001. [PMID: 25955049 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.163001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the channel-resolved above-threshold double ionization (ATDI) of acetylene in the multiphoton regime using an ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulse centered at 395 nm by measuring all the ejected electrons and ions in coincidence. As compared to the sequential process, diagonal lines in the electron-electron joint energy spectrum are observed for the nonsequential ATDI owing to the correlative sharing of the absorbed multiphoton energies. We demonstrate that the distinct channel-resolved sequential and nonsequential ATDI spectra can clearly reveal the photon-induced acetylene-vinylidene isomerization via proton migration on the cation or dication states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qiying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qinying Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Haifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jingxin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Heping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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