1
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Zhang T, Cai Z. Quantum Slush State in Rydberg Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:206503. [PMID: 38829080 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.206503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter, we propose an exotic quantum state that does not order at zero temperature in a Rydberg atom array with antiblockade mechanism. By performing an unbiased large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulation, we investigate a minimal model with facilitated excitation in a disorder-free system. At zero temperature, this model exhibits a heterogeneous structure of liquid and glass mixture. This state, dubbed quantum slush state, features a quasi-long-range order with an algebraic decay for its correlation function, and is different from most well-established quantum phases of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengzhou Zhang
- Wilczek Quantum Center and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zi Cai
- Wilczek Quantum Center and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Ding D, Bai Z, Liu Z, Shi B, Guo G, Li W, Adams CS. Ergodicity breaking from Rydberg clusters in a driven-dissipative many-body system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl5893. [PMID: 38437588 PMCID: PMC10911772 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl5893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
It is challenging to probe ergodicity breaking trends of a quantum many-body system when dissipation inevitably damages quantum coherence originated from coherent coupling and dispersive two-body interactions. Rydberg atoms provide a test bed to detect emergent exotic many-body phases and nonergodic dynamics where the strong Rydberg atom interaction competes with and overtakes dissipative effects even at room temperature. Here, we report experimental evidence of a transition from ergodic toward ergodic breaking dynamics in driven-dissipative Rydberg atomic gases. The broken ergodicity is featured by the long-time phase oscillation, which is attributed to the formation of Rydberg excitation clusters in limit cycle phases. The broken symmetry in the limit cycle is a direct manifestation of many-body collective effects, which is verified experimentally by tuning atomic densities. The reported result reveals that Rydberg many-body systems are a promising candidate to probe ergodicity breaking dynamics, such as limit cycles, and enable the benchmark of nonequilibrium phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengyang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zongkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Baosen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guangcan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Weibin Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - C. Stuart Adams
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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3
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Bharti V, Sugawa S, Mizoguchi M, Kunimi M, Zhang Y, de Léséleuc S, Tomita T, Franz T, Weidemüller M, Ohmori K. Picosecond-Scale Ultrafast Many-Body Dynamics in an Ultracold Rydberg-Excited Atomic Mott Insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:123201. [PMID: 37802940 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation and control of ultrafast many-body dynamics of electrons in ultracold Rydberg-excited atoms, spatially ordered in a three-dimensional Mott insulator (MI) with unity filling in an optical lattice. By mapping out the time-domain Ramsey interferometry in the picosecond timescale, we can deduce entanglement growth indicating the emergence of many-body correlations via dipolar forces. We analyze our observations with different theoretical approaches and find that the semiclassical model breaks down, thus indicating that quantum fluctuations play a decisive role in the observed dynamics. Combining picosecond Rydberg excitation with MI lattice thus provides a platform for simulating nonequilibrium dynamics of strongly correlated systems in synthetic ultracold atomic crystals, such as in a metal-like quantum gas regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bharti
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - S Sugawa
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - M Mizoguchi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - M Kunimi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - S de Léséleuc
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - T Tomita
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - T Franz
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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4
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Magoni M, Joshi R, Lesanovsky I. Molecular Dynamics in Rydberg Tweezer Arrays: Spin-Phonon Entanglement and Jahn-Teller Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:093002. [PMID: 37721842 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.093002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Atoms confined in optical tweezer arrays constitute a platform for the implementation of quantum computers and simulators. State-dependent operations are realized by exploiting electrostatic dipolar interactions that emerge, when two atoms are simultaneously excited to high-lying electronic states, so-called Rydberg states. These interactions also lead to state-dependent mechanical forces, which couple the electronic dynamics of the atoms to their vibrational motion. We explore these vibronic couplings within an artificial molecular system in which Rydberg states are excited under so-called facilitation conditions. This system, which is not necessarily self-bound, undergoes a structural transition between an equilateral triangle and an equal-weighted superposition of distorted triangular states (Jahn-Teller regime) exhibiting spin-phonon entanglement on a micrometer distance. This highlights the potential of Rydberg tweezer arrays for the study of molecular phenomena at exaggerated length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Magoni
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Radhika Joshi
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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5
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Hollerith S, Zeiher J. Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic Molecules on the Micrometer Scale. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3925-3939. [PMID: 36977279 PMCID: PMC10184126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Controlling molecular binding at the level of single atoms is one of the holy grails of quantum chemistry. Rydberg macrodimers─bound states between highly excited Rydberg atoms─provide a novel perspective in this direction. Resulting from binding potentials formed by the strong, long-range interactions of Rydberg states, Rydberg macrodimers feature bond lengths in the micrometer regime, exceeding those of conventional molecules by orders of magnitude. Using single-atom control in quantum gas microscopes, the unique properties of these exotic states can be studied with unprecedented control, including the response to magnetic fields or the polarization of light in their photoassociation. The high accuracy achieved in spectroscopic studies of macrodimers makes them an ideal testbed to benchmark Rydberg interactions, with direct relevance to quantum computing and information protocols where these are employed. This review provides a historic overview and summarizes the recent findings in the field of Rydberg macrodimers. Furthermore, it presents new data on interactions between macrodimers, leading to a phenomenon analogous to Rydberg blockade at the level of molecules, opening the path toward studying many-body systems of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hollerith
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
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6
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Wang R, Sous J, Aghigh M, MarroquÃn KL, Grant KM, Martins FBV, Keller JS, Grant ER. mm-wave Rydberg-Rydberg transitions gauge intermolecular coupling in a molecular ultracold plasma. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:064305. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0083684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Out-of-equilibrium, strong correlation in a many-body system can trigger emergent properties that act to constrain the natural dissipation of energy and matter. Signs of such self-organization appear in the avalanche, bifurcation, and quench of a state-selected Rydberg gas of nitric oxide to form an ultracold, strongly correlated ultracold plasma. Work reported here focuses on initial stages of avalanche and quench, and uses the mm-wave spectroscopy of an embedded quantum probe to characterize the intermolecular interaction dynamics associated with the evolution to plasma. Double-resonance excitation prepares a Rydberg gas of nitric oxide composed of a single selected state of principal quantum number, n0. Penning ionization, followed by an avalanche of electron-Rydberg collisions, forms a plasma of NO+ ions and weakly bound electrons, in which a residual population of n0 Rydberg molecules evolves to a state of high orbital angular momentum, l. Predissociation depletes the plasma of low- l molecules. Relaxation ceases and n0l(2) molecules with l {greater than or equal to} 4 persist for very long times. At short times, varying excitation spectra of mm-wave Rydberg-Rydberg transitions mark the rate of electron-collisional l-mixing. Deep depletion resonances that persist for long times signal energy redistribution in the basis of central-field Rydberg states. The widths and asymmetries of Fano lineshapes witness the degree to which coupling in the arrested bath i) broadens the allowed transition and ii) mixes the local network of levels in the ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Wang
- The University of British Columbia Department of Chemistry, Canada
| | - John Sous
- Columbia University Department of Physics, United States of America
| | - Mahyad Aghigh
- The University of British Columbia Department of Chemistry, Canada
| | | | - Kiara M. Grant
- The University of British Columbia Department of Chemistry, Canada
| | | | - James S. Keller
- Kenyon College Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Edward R. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Department of Chemistry, Canada
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7
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Klocke K, Wintermantel TM, Lochead G, Whitlock S, Buchhold M. Hydrodynamic Stabilization of Self-Organized Criticality in a Driven Rydberg Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:123401. [PMID: 33834799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.123401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Signatures of self-organized criticality (SOC) have recently been observed in an ultracold atomic gas under continuous laser excitation to strongly interacting Rydberg states [S. Helmrich et al., Nature, 577, 481-486 (2020)]. This creates unique possibilities to study this intriguing dynamical phenomenon under controlled experimental conditions. Here we theoretically and experimentally examine the self-organizing dynamics of a driven ultracold gas and identify an unanticipated feedback mechanism originating from the interaction of the system with a thermal reservoir. Transport of particles from the flanks of the cloud toward the center compensates avalanche-induced atom loss. This mechanism sustains an extended critical region in the trap center for timescales much longer than the initial self-organization dynamics. The characteristic flattop density profile provides an additional experimental signature for SOC while simultaneously enabling studies of SOC under almost homogeneous conditions. We present a hydrodynamic description for the reorganization of the atom density, which very accurately describes the experimentally observed features on intermediate and long timescales, and which is applicable to both collisional hydrodynamic and chaotic ballistic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Klocke
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T M Wintermantel
- ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Lochead
- ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Whitlock
- ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Buchhold
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
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8
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Krapivsky PL. Large deviations in one-dimensional random sequential adsorption. Phys Rev E 2021; 102:062108. [PMID: 33466003 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.062108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In random sequential adsorption (RSA), objects are deposited randomly, irreversibly, and sequentially; attempts leading to an overlap with previously deposited objects are discarded. The process continues until the system reaches a jammed state when no further additions are possible. We analyze a class of lattice RSA models in which landing on an empty site in a segment is allowed when at least b neighboring sites on the left and the right are unoccupied. For the minimal model (b=1), we compute the full counting statistics of the occupation number. We reduce the determination of the full counting statistics to a Riccati equation that appears analytically solvable only when b=1. We develop a perturbation procedure which, in principle, allows one to determine cumulants consecutively, and we compute the variance of the occupation number for all b.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Krapivsky
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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9
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Epidemic growth and Griffiths effects on an emergent network of excited atoms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:103. [PMID: 33397997 PMCID: PMC7782709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether it be physical, biological or social processes, complex systems exhibit dynamics that are exceedingly difficult to understand or predict from underlying principles. Here we report a striking correspondence between the excitation dynamics of a laser driven gas of Rydberg atoms and the spreading of diseases, which in turn opens up a controllable platform for studying non-equilibrium dynamics on complex networks. The competition between facilitated excitation and spontaneous decay results in sub-exponential growth of the excitation number, which is empirically observed in real epidemics. Based on this we develop a quantitative microscopic susceptible-infected-susceptible model which links the growth and final excitation density to the dynamics of an emergent heterogeneous network and rare active region effects associated to an extended Griffiths phase. This provides physical insights into the nature of non-equilibrium criticality in driven many-body systems and the mechanisms leading to non-universal power-laws in the dynamics of complex systems. The emergent excitation dynamics of an ultracold gas of Rydberg atoms exhibits features analogous to epidemic spreading on networks. Wintermantel et al. propose a controllable experimental system for studying network dynamics at the interface of mathematical models and real-world complex systems.
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10
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Mazza PP, Schmidt R, Lesanovsky I. Vibrational Dressing in Kinetically Constrained Rydberg Spin Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:033602. [PMID: 32745411 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.033602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum spin systems with kinetic constraints have become paradigmatic for exploring collective dynamical behavior in many-body systems. Here we discuss a facilitated spin system which is inspired by recent progress in the realization of Rydberg quantum simulators. This platform allows to control and investigate the interplay between facilitation dynamics and the coupling of spin degrees of freedom to lattice vibrations. Developing a minimal model, we show that this leads to the formation of polaronic quasiparticle excitations which are formed by many-body spin states dressed by phonons. We investigate in detail the properties of these quasiparticles, such as their dispersion relation, effective mass, and the quasiparticle weight. Rydberg lattice quantum simulators are particularly suited for studying this phonon-dressed kinetically constrained dynamics as their exaggerated length scales permit the site-resolved monitoring of spin and phonon degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo P Mazza
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Richard Schmidt
- Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse, 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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11
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Signatures of self-organized criticality in an ultracold atomic gas. Nature 2020; 577:481-486. [PMID: 31942078 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Self-organized criticality is an elegant explanation of how complex structures emerge and persist throughout nature1, and why such structures often exhibit similar scale-invariant properties2-9. Although self-organized criticality is sometimes captured by simple models that feature a critical point as an attractor for the dynamics10-15, the connection to real-world systems is exceptionally hard to test quantitatively16-21. Here we observe three key signatures of self-organized criticality in the dynamics of a driven-dissipative gas of ultracold potassium atoms: self-organization to a stationary state that is largely independent of the initial conditions; scale-invariance of the final density characterized by a unique scaling function; and large fluctuations of the number of excited atoms (avalanches) obeying a characteristic power-law distribution. This work establishes a well-controlled platform for investigating self-organization phenomena and non-equilibrium criticality, with experimental access to the underlying microscopic details of the system.
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12
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Gutiérrez R, Garrahan JP, Lesanovsky I. Physical swap dynamics, shortcuts to relaxation, and entropy production in dissipative Rydberg gases. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:012110. [PMID: 31499791 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.012110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dense Rydberg gases are out-of-equilibrium systems where strong density-density interactions give rise to effective kinetic constraints. They cause dynamic arrest associated with highly constrained many-body configurations, leading to slow relaxation and glassy behavior. Multicomponent Rydberg gases feature additional long-range interactions such as excitation exchange. These are analogous to particle swaps used to artificially accelerate relaxation in simulations of atomistic models of classical glass formers. In Rydberg gases, however, swaps are real physical processes, which provide dynamical shortcuts to relaxation. They permit the accelerated approach to stationarity in experiment and at the same time have an impact on the nonequilibrium stationary state. In particular, their interplay with radiative decay processes amplifies irreversibility of the dynamics, an effect which we quantify via the entropy production at stationarity. Our work highlights an intriguing analogy between real dynamical processes in Rydberg gases and artificial dynamics underlying advanced Monte Carlo methods. Moreover, it delivers a quantitative characterization of the dramatic effect swaps have on the structure and dynamics of their stationary state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Complex Systems Group & GISC, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan P Garrahan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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13
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Thomas O, Lippe C, Eichert T, Ott H. Experimental realization of a Rydberg optical Feshbach resonance in a quantum many-body system. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2238. [PMID: 29884824 PMCID: PMC5993778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Feshbach resonances are a powerful tool to tune the interaction in an ultracold atomic gas. The commonly used magnetic Feshbach resonances are specific for each species and are restricted with respect to their temporal and spatial modulation. Optical Feshbach resonances are an alternative which can overcome this limitation. Here, we show that ultra-long-range Rydberg molecules can be used to implement an optical Feshbach resonance. Tuning the on-site interaction of a degenerate Bose gas in a 3D optical lattice, we demonstrate a similar performance compared to recent realizations of optical Feshbach resonances using intercombination transitions. Our results open up a class of optical Feshbach resonances with a plenitude of available lines for many atomic species and the possibility to further increase the performance by carefully selecting the underlying Rydberg state.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Thomas
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Lippe
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - T Eichert
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ott
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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14
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Orioli AP, Signoles A, Wildhagen H, Günter G, Berges J, Whitlock S, Weidemüller M. Relaxation of an Isolated Dipolar-Interacting Rydberg Quantum Spin System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:063601. [PMID: 29481238 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.063601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
How do isolated quantum systems approach an equilibrium state? We experimentally and theoretically address this question for a prototypical spin system formed by ultracold atoms prepared in two Rydberg states with different orbital angular momenta. By coupling these states with a resonant microwave driving, we realize a dipolar XY spin-1/2 model in an external field. Starting from a spin-polarized state, we suddenly switch on the external field and monitor the subsequent many-body dynamics. Our key observation is density dependent relaxation of the total magnetization much faster than typical decoherence rates. To determine the processes governing this relaxation, we employ different theoretical approaches that treat quantum effects on initial conditions and dynamical laws separately. This allows us to identify an intrinsically quantum component to the relaxation attributed to primordial quantum fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piñeiro Orioli
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Signoles
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Wildhagen
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Günter
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Berges
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Whitlock
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, and CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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15
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Pérez-Espigares C, Marcuzzi M, Gutiérrez R, Lesanovsky I. Epidemic Dynamics in Open Quantum Spin Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:140401. [PMID: 29053308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.140401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We explore the nonequilibrium evolution and stationary states of an open many-body system that displays epidemic spreading dynamics in a classical and a quantum regime. Our study is motivated by recent experiments conducted in strongly interacting gases of highly excited Rydberg atoms where the facilitated excitation of Rydberg states competes with radiative decay. These systems approximately implement open quantum versions of models for population dynamics or disease spreading where species can be in a healthy, infected or immune state. We show that in a two-dimensional lattice, depending on the dominance of either classical or quantum effects, the system may display a different kind of nonequilibrium phase transition. We moreover discuss the observability of our findings in laser driven Rydberg gases with particular focus on the role of long-range interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez-Espigares
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Marcuzzi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Complex Systems Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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16
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Arias A, Helmrich S, Schweiger C, Ardizzone L, Lochead G, Whitlock S. Versatile, high-power 460 nm laser system for Rydberg excitation of ultracold potassium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:14829-14839. [PMID: 28789066 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.014829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a versatile laser system which provides more than 1.5 W of narrowband light, tunable in the range from 455-463 nm. It consists of a commercial titanium-sapphire laser which is frequency doubled using resonant cavity second harmonic generation and stabilized to an external reference cavity. We demonstrate a wide wavelength tuning range combined with a narrow linewidth and low intensity noise. This laser system is ideally suited for atomic physics experiments such as two-photon excitation of Rydberg states of potassium atoms with principal quantum numbers n > 18. To demonstrate this we perform two-photon spectroscopy on ultracold potassium gases in which we observe an electromagnetically induced transparency resonance corresponding to the 35s1/2 state and verify the long-term stability of the laser system. Additionally, by performing spectroscopy in a magneto-optical trap we observe strong loss features corresponding to the excitation of s, p, d and higher-l states accessible due to a small electric field.
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17
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Thaicharoen N, Schwarzkopf A, Raithel G. Control of Spatial Correlations between Rydberg Excitations using Rotary Echo. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:133401. [PMID: 28409988 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.133401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We manipulate correlations between Rydberg excitations in cold atom samples using a rotary-echo technique in which the phase of the excitation pulse is flipped at a selected time during the pulse. The correlations are due to interactions between the Rydberg atoms. We measure the resulting change in the spatial pair correlation function of the excitations via direct position-sensitive atom imaging. For zero detuning of the lasers from the interaction-free Rydberg-excitation resonance, the pair-correlation value at the most likely nearest-neighbor Rydberg-atom distance is substantially enhanced when the phase is flipped at the middle of the excitation pulse. In this case, the rotary echo eliminates most uncorrelated (unpaired) atoms, leaving an abundance of correlated atom pairs at the end of the sequence. In off-resonant cases, a complementary behavior is observed. We further characterize the effect of the rotary-echo excitation sequence on the excitation-number statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Thaicharoen
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A Schwarzkopf
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - G Raithel
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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18
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Marcuzzi M, Minář J, Barredo D, de Léséleuc S, Labuhn H, Lahaye T, Browaeys A, Levi E, Lesanovsky I. Facilitation Dynamics and Localization Phenomena in Rydberg Lattice Gases with Position Disorder. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:063606. [PMID: 28234523 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.063606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We explore the dynamics of Rydberg excitations in an optical tweezer array under antiblockade (or facilitation) conditions. Because of the finite temperature the atomic positions are randomly spread, an effect that leads to quenched correlated disorder in the interatomic interaction strengths. This drastically affects the facilitation dynamics as we demonstrate experimentally on the elementary example of two atoms. To shed light on the role of disorder in a many-body setting we show that here the dynamics is governed by an Anderson-Fock model, i.e., an Anderson model formulated on a lattice with sites corresponding to many-body Fock states. We first consider a one-dimensional atom chain in a limit that is described by a one-dimensional Anderson-Fock model with disorder on every other site, featuring both localized and delocalized states. We then illustrate the effect of disorder experimentally in a situation in which the system maps on a two-dimensional Anderson-Fock model on a trimmed square lattice. We observe a clear suppression of excitation propagation, which we ascribe to the localization of the many-body wave functions in Hilbert space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Marcuzzi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jiří Minář
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Barredo
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Sylvain de Léséleuc
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Henning Labuhn
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Thierry Lahaye
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Emanuele Levi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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19
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Overbeck VR, Maghrebi MF, Gorshkov AV, Weimer H. Multicritical behavior in dissipative Ising models. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2017; 95:10.1103/PhysRevA.95.042133. [PMID: 31093585 PMCID: PMC6513333 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.95.042133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We analyze theoretically the many-body dynamics of a dissipative Ising model in a transverse field using a variational approach. We find that the steady-state phase diagram is substantially modified compared to its equilibrium counterpart, including the appearance of a multicritical point belonging to a different universality class. Building on our variational analysis, we establish a field-theoretical treatment corresponding to a dissipative variant of a Ginzburg-Landau theory, which allows us to compute the upper critical dimension of the system. Finally, we present a possible experimental realization of the dissipative Ising model using ultracold Rydberg gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent R. Overbeck
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohammad F. Maghrebi
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alexey V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Hendrik Weimer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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20
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Direct observation of ultrafast many-body electron dynamics in an ultracold Rydberg gas. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13449. [PMID: 27849054 PMCID: PMC5116092 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many-body correlations govern a variety of important quantum phenomena such as the emergence of superconductivity and magnetism. Understanding quantum many-body systems is thus one of the central goals of modern sciences. Here we demonstrate an experimental approach towards this goal by utilizing an ultracold Rydberg gas generated with a broadband picosecond laser pulse. We follow the ultrafast evolution of its electronic coherence by time-domain Ramsey interferometry with attosecond precision. The observed electronic coherence shows an ultrafast oscillation with a period of 1 femtosecond, whose phase shift on the attosecond timescale is consistent with many-body correlations among Rydberg atoms beyond mean-field approximations. This coherent and ultrafast many-body dynamics is actively controlled by tuning the orbital size and population of the Rydberg state, as well as the mean atomic distance. Our approach will offer a versatile platform to observe and manipulate non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems on the ultrafast timescale. Studying long-range interactions in the controlled environment of trapped ultracold gases can help our understanding of fundamental many-body physics. Here the authors excite a gas of Rydberg atoms with a ps laser pulse, demonstrating behaviour consistent with many-body correlations beyond mean-field.
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21
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Everest B, Marcuzzi M, Garrahan JP, Lesanovsky I. Emergent kinetic constraints, ergodicity breaking, and cooperative dynamics in noisy quantum systems. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:052108. [PMID: 27967152 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.052108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinetically constrained spin systems play an important role in understanding key properties of the dynamics of slowly relaxing materials, such as glasses. Recent experimental studies have revealed that manifest kinetic constraints govern the evolution of strongly interacting gases of highly excited atoms in a noisy environment. Motivated by this development we explore which types of kinetically constrained dynamics can generally emerge in quantum spin systems subject to strong noise and show how, in this framework, constraints are accompanied by conservation laws. We discuss an experimentally realizable case of a lattice gas, where the interplay between those and the geometry of the lattice leads to collective behavior and time-scale separation even at infinite temperature. This is in contrast to models of glass-forming substances which typically rely on low temperatures and the consequent suppression of thermal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Everest
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - M Marcuzzi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - J P Garrahan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - I Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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22
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Saßmannshausen H, Deiglmayr J. Observation of Rydberg-Atom Macrodimers: Micrometer-Sized Diatomic Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:083401. [PMID: 27588856 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.083401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-range metastable molecules consisting of two cesium atoms in high Rydberg states have been observed in an ultracold gas. A sequential three-photon two-color photoassociation scheme is employed to form these molecules in states, which correlate to np(n+1)s dissociation asymptotes. Spectral signatures of bound molecular states are clearly resolved at the positions of avoided crossings between long-range van der Waals potential curves. The experimental results are in agreement with simulations based on a detailed model of the long-range multipole-multipole interactions of Rydberg-atom pair states. We show that a full model is required to accurately predict the occurrence of bound Rydberg macrodimers. The macrodimers are distinguished from repulsive molecular states by their behavior with respect to spontaneous ionization and possible decay channels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Saßmannshausen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Deiglmayr
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Marcuzzi M, Buchhold M, Diehl S, Lesanovsky I. Absorbing State Phase Transition with Competing Quantum and Classical Fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:245701. [PMID: 27367395 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.245701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stochastic processes with absorbing states feature examples of nonequilibrium universal phenomena. While the classical regime has been thoroughly investigated in the past, relatively little is known about the behavior of these nonequilibrium systems in the presence of quantum fluctuations. Here, we theoretically address such a scenario in an open quantum spin model which, in its classical limit, undergoes a directed percolation phase transition. By mapping the problem to a nonequilibrium field theory, we show that the introduction of quantum fluctuations stemming from coherent, rather than statistical, spin flips alters the nature of the transition such that it becomes first order. In the intermediate regime, where classical and quantum dynamics compete on equal terms, we highlight the presence of a bicritical point with universal features different from the directed percolation class in a low dimension. We finally propose how this physics could be explored within gases of interacting atoms excited to Rydberg states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Marcuzzi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Buchhold
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diehl
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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24
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Bertaina G, Motta M, Rossi M, Vitali E, Galli DE. One-Dimensional Liquid ^{4}He: Dynamical Properties beyond Luttinger-Liquid Theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:135302. [PMID: 27081985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.135302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We compute the zero-temperature dynamical structure factor of one-dimensional liquid ^{4}He by means of state-of-the-art quantum Monte Carlo and analytic continuation techniques. By increasing the density, the dynamical structure factor reveals a transition from a highly compressible critical liquid to a quasisolid regime. In the low-energy limit, the dynamical structure factor can be described by the quantum hydrodynamic Luttinger-liquid theory, with a Luttinger parameter spanning all possible values by increasing the density. At higher energies, our approach provides quantitative results beyond the Luttinger-liquid theory. In particular, as the density increases, the interplay between dimensionality and interaction makes the dynamical structure factor manifest a pseudo-particle-hole continuum typical of fermionic systems. At the low-energy boundary of such a region and moderate densities, we find consistency, within statistical uncertainties, with predictions of a power-law structure by the recently developed nonlinear Luttinger-liquid theory. In the quasisolid regime, we observe a novel behavior at intermediate momenta, which can be described by new analytical relations that we derive for the hard-rods model.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bertaina
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Motta
- Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - M Rossi
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
- International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, I-34154 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - E Vitali
- Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - D E Galli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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25
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Goldschmidt EA, Boulier T, Brown RC, Koller SB, Young JT, Gorshkov AV, Rolston SL, Porto JV. Anomalous Broadening in Driven Dissipative Rydberg Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:113001. [PMID: 27035299 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We observe interaction-induced broadening of the two-photon 5s-18s transition in ^{87}Rb atoms trapped in a 3D optical lattice. The measured linewidth increases by nearly 2 orders of magnitude with increasing atomic density and excitation strength, with corresponding suppression of resonant scattering and enhancement of off-resonant scattering. We attribute the increased linewidth to resonant dipole-dipole interactions of 18s atoms with blackbody induced population in nearby np states. Over a range of initial atomic densities and excitation strengths, the transition width is described by a single function of the steady-state density of Rydberg atoms, and the observed resonant excitation rate corresponds to that of a two-level system with the measured, rather than natural, linewidth. The broadening mechanism observed here is likely to have negative implications for many proposals with coherently interacting Rydberg atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Goldschmidt
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
| | - T Boulier
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - R C Brown
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - S B Koller
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - J T Young
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S L Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - J V Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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26
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Gutiérrez R, Garrahan JP, Lesanovsky I. Self-similar nonequilibrium dynamics of a many-body system with power-law interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:062144. [PMID: 26764669 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.062144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of power-law interactions on the dynamics of many-body systems far from equilibrium is much less explored than their effect on static and thermodynamic properties. To gain insight into this problem we introduce and analyze here an out-of-equilibrium deposition process in which the deposition rate of a given particle depends as a power law on the distance to previously deposited particles. This model draws its relevance from recent experimental progress in the domain of cold atomic gases, which are studied in a setting where atoms that are excited to high-lying Rydberg states interact through power-law potentials that translate into power-law excitation rates. The out-of-equilibrium dynamics of this system turns out to be surprisingly rich. It features a self-similar evolution which leads to a characteristic power-law time dependence of observables such as the particle concentration, and results in a scale invariance of the structure factor. Our findings show that in dissipative Rydberg gases out of equilibrium the characteristic distance among excitations-often referred to as the blockade radius-is not a static but rather a dynamic quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gutiérrez
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Juan P Garrahan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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27
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Kondo JM, Šibalić N, Guttridge A, Wade CG, De Melo NR, Adams CS, Weatherill KJ. Observation of interference effects via four-photon excitation of highly excited Rydberg states in thermal cesium vapor. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:5570-5573. [PMID: 26625053 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.005570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) of highly excited Rydberg states in thermal Cs vapor using a four-step excitation scheme. The advantage of this four-step scheme is that the final transition to the Rydberg state has a large dipole moment and one can achieve similar Rabi frequencies to two- or three-step excitation schemes using two orders of magnitude less laser power. This scheme enables new applications such as dephasing free Rydberg excitation. The observed lineshapes are in good agreement with simulations based on multilevel optical Bloch equations.
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28
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Díaz-Méndez R, Mezzacapo F, Cinti F, Lechner W, Pupillo G. Monodisperse cluster crystals: Classical and quantum dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:052307. [PMID: 26651695 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.052307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the phases and dynamics of a gas of monodisperse particles interacting via soft-core potentials in two spatial dimensions, which is of interest for soft-matter colloidal systems and quantum atomic gases. Using exact theoretical methods, we demonstrate that the equilibrium low-temperature classical phase simultaneously breaks continuous translational symmetry and dynamic space-time homogeneity, whose absence is usually associated with out-of-equilibrium glassy phenomena. This results in an exotic self-assembled cluster crystal with coexisting liquidlike long-time dynamical properties, which corresponds to a classical analog of supersolid behavior. We demonstrate that the effects of quantum fluctuations and bosonic statistics on cluster-glassy crystals are separate and competing: Zero-point motion tends to destabilize crystalline order, which can be restored by bosonic statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Díaz-Méndez
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabio Mezzacapo
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabio Cinti
- National Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Wolfgang Lechner
- IQOQI and Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guido Pupillo
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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29
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Maghrebi MF, Gullans MJ, Bienias P, Choi S, Martin I, Firstenberg O, Lukin MD, Büchler HP, Gorshkov AV. Coulomb Bound States of Strongly Interacting Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:123601. [PMID: 26430994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We show that two photons coupled to Rydberg states via electromagnetically induced transparency can interact via an effective Coulomb potential. This interaction gives rise to a continuum of two-body bound states. Within the continuum, metastable bound states are distinguished in analogy with quasibound states tunneling through a potential barrier. We find multiple branches of metastable bound states whose energy spectrum is governed by the Coulomb potential, thus obtaining a photonic analogue of the hydrogen atom. Under certain conditions, the wave function resembles that of a diatomic molecule in which the two polaritons are separated by a finite "bond length." These states propagate with a negative group velocity in the medium, allowing for a simple preparation and detection scheme, before they slowly decay to pairs of bound Rydberg atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Maghrebi
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M J Gullans
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P Bienias
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Choi
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - I Martin
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - O Firstenberg
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - M D Lukin
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - H P Büchler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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30
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Lechner W, Zoller P. Spatial Patterns in Rydberg Excitations from Logarithmic Pair Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:125301. [PMID: 26430998 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.125301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The collective excitations in ensembles of dissipative, laser driven ultracold atoms exhibit crystal-like patterns, a many-body effect of the Rydberg blockade mechanism. These crystalline structures are revealed in an experiment from a postselection of configurations with fixed numbers of excitations. Here, we show that these subensembles can be well represented by ensembles of effective particles that interact via logarithmic pair potentials. This allows one to study the emergent patterns with a small number of effective particles to determine the phases of Rydberg crystals and to systematically study contributions from N-body terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Lechner
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Zoller
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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31
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Mukherjee R, Ates C, Li W, Wüster S. Phase-Imprinting of Bose-Einstein Condensates with Rydberg Impurities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:040401. [PMID: 26252669 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We show how the phase profile of Bose-Einstein condensates can be engineered through its interaction with localized Rydberg excitations. The interaction is made controllable and long range by off-resonantly coupling the condensate to another Rydberg state with laser light. Our technique allows the mapping of entanglement generated in systems of few strongly interacting Rydberg atoms onto much larger atom clouds in hybrid setups. As an example we discuss the creation of a spatial mesoscopic superposition state from a bright soliton. Additionally, the phase imprinted onto the condensate using the Rydberg excitations is a diagnostic tool for the latter. For example, a condensate time-of-flight image would permit reconstructing the pattern of an embedded Rydberg crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Mukherjee
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cenap Ates
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Weibin Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Wüster
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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32
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Sanders J, Jonckheere M, Kokkelmans S. Sub-Poissonian Statistics of Jamming Limits in Ultracold Rydberg Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:043002. [PMID: 26252679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.043002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several recent experiments have established by measuring the Mandel Q parameter that the number of Rydberg excitations in ultracold gases exhibits sub-Poissonian statistics. This effect is attributed to the Rydberg blockade that occurs due to the strong interatomic interactions between highly excited atoms. Because of this blockade effect, the system can end up in a state in which all particles are either excited or blocked: a jamming limit. We analyze appropriately constructed random-graph models that capture the blockade effect, and derive formulae for the mean and variance of the number of Rydberg excitations in jamming limits. This yields an explicit relationship between the Mandel Q parameter and the blockade effect, and comparison to measurement data shows strong agreement between theory and experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaron Sanders
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Servaas Kokkelmans
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Niederprüm T, Thomas O, Manthey T, Weber TM, Ott H. Giant Cross Section for Molecular Ion Formation in Ultracold Rydberg Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:013003. [PMID: 26182095 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the associative ionization of a Rydberg atom and a ground-state atom in an ultracold Rydberg gas. The measured scattering cross section is 3 orders of magnitude larger than the geometrical size of the produced molecule. This giant enhancement of the reaction kinetics is due to an efficient directed mass transport which is accelerated by the Rydberg electron. We also find that the total inelastic scattering cross section is given by the geometrical size of the Rydberg electron's wave function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Niederprüm
- Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Oliver Thomas
- Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Torsten Manthey
- Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tobias M Weber
- Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Herwig Ott
- Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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34
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Teixeira RC, Hermann-Avigliano C, Nguyen TL, Cantat-Moltrecht T, Raimond JM, Haroche S, Gleyzes S, Brune M. Microwaves Probe Dipole Blockade and van der Waals Forces in a Cold Rydberg Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:013001. [PMID: 26182093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.013001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that microwave spectroscopy of a dense Rydberg gas trapped on a superconducting atom chip in the dipole blockade regime reveals directly the dipole-dipole many-body interaction energy spectrum. We use this method to investigate the expansion of the Rydberg cloud under the effect of repulsive van der Waals forces and the breakdown of the frozen gas approximation. This study opens a promising route for quantum simulation of many-body systems and quantum information transport in chains of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Celistrino Teixeira
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Hermann-Avigliano
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - T L Nguyen
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - T Cantat-Moltrecht
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J M Raimond
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Haroche
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Gleyzes
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Brune
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
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35
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Urvoy A, Ripka F, Lesanovsky I, Booth D, Shaffer JP, Pfau T, Löw R. Strongly Correlated Growth of Rydberg Aggregates in a Vapor Cell. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:203002. [PMID: 26047226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.203002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The observation of strongly interacting many-body phenomena in atomic gases typically requires ultracold samples. Here we show that the strong interaction potentials between Rydberg atoms enable the observation of many-body effects in an atomic vapor, even at room temperature. We excite Rydberg atoms in cesium vapor and observe in real time an out-of-equilibrium excitation dynamics that is consistent with an aggregation mechanism. The experimental observations show qualitative and quantitative agreement with a microscopic theoretical model. Numerical simulations reveal that the strongly correlated growth of the emerging aggregates is reminiscent of soft-matter type systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Urvoy
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Ripka
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - I Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - D Booth
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, 440 West Brooks Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - J P Shaffer
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, 440 West Brooks Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - T Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R Löw
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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36
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Schönleber DW, Eisfeld A, Genkin M, Whitlock S, Wüster S. Quantum simulation of energy transport with embedded Rydberg aggregates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:123005. [PMID: 25860741 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.123005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that an array of ultracold Rydberg atoms embedded in a laser driven background gas can serve as an aggregate for simulating exciton dynamics and energy transport with a controlled environment. Energetic disorder and decoherence introduced by the interaction with the background gas atoms can be controlled by the laser parameters. This allows for an almost ideal realization of a Haken-Reineker-Strobl-type model for energy transport. The transport can be monitored using the same mechanism that provides control over the environment. The degree of decoherence is traced back to information gained on the excitation location through the monitoring, turning the setup into an experimentally accessible model system for studying the effects of quantum measurements on the dynamics of a many-body quantum system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Schönleber
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Eisfeld
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Genkin
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Whitlock
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Wüster
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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37
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Gärttner M, Whitlock S, Schönleber DW, Evers J. Collective excitation of Rydberg-atom ensembles beyond the superatom model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:233002. [PMID: 25526126 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.233002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In an ensemble of laser-driven atoms involving strongly interacting Rydberg states, the steady-state excitation probability is usually substantially suppressed. In contrast, here we identify a regime in which the Rydberg excited fraction is enhanced by the interaction. This effect is associated with the buildup of many-body coherences induced by coherent multiphoton excitations between collective states. The excitation enhancement should be observable under currently existing experimental conditions and may serve as a direct probe for the presence of coherent multiphoton dynamics involving collective quantum states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gärttner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shannon Whitlock
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimerfeld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David W Schönleber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany and Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Evers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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38
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Malossi N, Valado MM, Scotto S, Huillery P, Pillet P, Ciampini D, Arimondo E, Morsch O. Full counting statistics and phase diagram of a dissipative Rydberg gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:023006. [PMID: 25062177 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.023006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold gases excited to strongly interacting Rydberg states are a promising system for quantum simulations of many-body systems. For off-resonant excitation of such systems in the dissipative regime, highly correlated many-body states exhibiting, among other characteristics, intermittency and multimodal counting distributions are expected to be created. Here we report on the realization of a dissipative gas of rubidium Rydberg atoms and on the measurement of its full counting statistics and phase diagram for both resonant and off-resonant excitation. We find strongly bimodal counting distributions in the off-resonant regime that are compatible with intermittency due to the coexistence of dynamical phases. Our results pave the way towards detailed studies of many-body effects in Rydberg gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Malossi
- INO-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Fermi," Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M M Valado
- INO-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Fermi," Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Scotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Fermi," Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Huillery
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud 11, ENS-Cachan, Campus d'Orsay Batiment 505, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Pillet
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud 11, ENS-Cachan, Campus d'Orsay Batiment 505, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D Ciampini
- INO-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Fermi," Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy and CNISM UdR Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Fermi," Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Arimondo
- INO-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Fermi," Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy and CNISM UdR Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Fermi," Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - O Morsch
- INO-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Fermi," Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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