1
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Coppola F, Cimino P, Petrone A, Rega N. Evidence of Excited-State Vibrational Mode Governing the Photorelaxation of a Charge-Transfer Complex. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1620-1633. [PMID: 38381887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Modern, nonlinear, time-resolved spectroscopic techniques have opened new doors for investigating the intriguing but complex world of photoinduced ultrafast out-of-equilibrium phenomena and charge dynamics. The interaction between light and matter introduces an additional dimension, where the complex interplay between electronic and vibrational dynamics needs the most advanced theoretical-computational protocols to be fully understood on the molecular scale. In this study, we showcase the capabilities of ab initio molecular dynamics simulation integrated with a multiresolution wavelet protocol to carefully investigate the excited-state relaxation dynamics in a noncovalent complex involving tetramethylbenzene (TMB) and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) undergoing charge transfer (CT) upon photoexcitation. Our protocol provides an accurate description that facilitates a direct comparison between transient vibrational analysis and time-resolved spectroscopic signals. This molecular level perspective enhances our understanding of photorelaxation processes confined in the adiabatic regime and offers an improved interpretation of vibrational spectra. Furthermore, it enables the quantification of anharmonic vibrational couplings between high- and low-frequency modes, specifically the TCNQ "rocking" and "bending" modes. Additionally, it identifies the primary vibrational mode that governs the adiabaticity between the ground state and the CT state. This comprehensive understanding of photorelaxation processes holds significant importance in the rational design and precise control of more efficient photovoltaic and sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Coppola
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Cimino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, 80126 Napoli, Italia
| | - Nadia Rega
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, 80126 Napoli, Italia
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2
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Mitra S, Ainavarapu SRK, Dasgupta J. Long-Range Charge Delocalization Mediates the Ultrafast Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer Dynamics at the Cu 2+-Active Site in Azurin. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5390-5399. [PMID: 35797135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The blue color metalloprotein in azurin has traditionally been attributed to the intense cysteine-to-Cu2+ ligand-to-metal charge transfer transition centered at 628 nm. Although resonance Raman measurements of the Cu2+ active site have implied that the LMCT transition electronically couples to the protein scaffold well beyond its primary metal-ligand coordination shell, the structural extent of this electronic coupling and visualization of the protein-mediated charge transfer dynamics have remained elusive. Here, using femtosecond broadband transient absorption and impulsive Raman spectroscopy, we provide direct evidence for a rapid relaxation between two distinct charge transfer states, having different spatial delocalization, within ∼300 fs followed by recombination of charges in subpicosecond time scales. We invoke the formation of a protein-centered radical cation, possibly Trp48 or a Phe residue, within 100 fs substantiating the long-range electronic coupling for the first time beyond the traditional copper active site. The Raman spectra of the excited CT state show the presence of protein-centric vibrations along with the vibrational modes assigned to the copper active site. Our results demonstrate a large delocalization length scale of the initially populated CT state, thereby highlighting the possibility of exploiting azurin photochemistry for energy conversion techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Mitra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | | | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
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3
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The Energy Transfer Yield between Carotenoids and Chlorophylls in Peridinin Chlorophyll a Protein Is Robust against Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095067. [PMID: 35563456 PMCID: PMC9099807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy transfer (ET) from carotenoids (Cars) to chlorophylls (Chls) in photosynthetic complexes occurs with almost unitary efficiency thanks to the synergistic action of multiple finely tuned channels whose photophysics and dynamics are not fully elucidated yet. We investigated the energy flow from the Car peridinin (Per) to Chl a in the peridinin chlorophyll a protein (PCP) from marine algae Amphidinium carterae by using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) with a 10 fs temporal resolution. Recently debated hypotheses regarding the S2-to-S1 relaxation of the Car via a conical intersection and the involvement of possible intermediate states in the ET were examined. The comparison with an N89L mutant carrying the Per donor in a lower-polarity environment helped us unveil relevant details on the mechanisms through which excitation was transferred: the ET yield was conserved even when a mutation perturbed the optimization of the system thanks to the coexistence of multiple channels exploited during the process.
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4
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Dhamija S, Bhutani G, Jayachandran A, De AK. A Revisit on Impulsive Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy: Importance of Spectral Dispersion of Chirped Broadband Probe. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1019-1032. [PMID: 35142494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The usefulness of a chirped broadband probe and spectral dispersion to obtain Raman spectra under nonresonant/resonant impulsive excitation is revisited. A general methodology is presented that inherently takes care of phasing the time-domain low-frequency oscillations without probe pulse compression and retrieves the absolute phase of the oscillations. As test beds, neat solvents (CCl4, CHCl3, and CH2Cl2) are used. Observation of periodic intensity modulation along detection wavelengths for particular modes is explained using a simple electric field interaction picture. This method is extended to diatomic molecule (iodine) and polyatomic molecules (Nile blue and methylene blue) to assign vibrational frequencies in ground/excited electronic state that are supported by density functional theory calculations. A comparison between frequency-domain and time-domain counterparts, i.e., stimulated Raman scattering and impulsive stimulated Raman scattering using degenerate pump-probe pairs is presented, and most importantly, it is shown how impulsive stimulated Raman scattering using chirped broadband probe retains unique advantages offered by both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina Dhamija
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Garima Bhutani
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ajay Jayachandran
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Arijit K De
- Condensed Phase Dynamics Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
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5
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Keil E, Malevich P, Hauer J. Achromatic frequency doubling of supercontinuum pulses for transient absorption spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:39042-39054. [PMID: 34809275 DOI: 10.1364/oe.442400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present achromatic frequency doubling of supercontinuum pulses from a hollow core fiber as a technique for obtaining tunable ultrashort pulses in the near UV and blue spectral range. Pulse energies are stable on a 1.1% level, averaged over 100 000 shots. By the use of conventional optics only, we compress a 0.2 µJ pulse at a center wavelength of 475 nm to a pulse duration of 12 fs, as measured by X-FROG. We test the capabilities of the approach by employing the ASHG-pulses as a pump in a transient absorption experiment on β-carotene in solution.
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6
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Lee C, Seo K, Kim M, Joo T. Coherent internal conversion from high lying electronic states to S 1 in boron-dipyrromethene derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25200-25209. [PMID: 34730576 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03513d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Internal conversion is the first step after photoexcitation to high lying electronic states, and plays a central role in many photoinduced processes. In this report, we demonstrate a truly ultrafast internal conversion (IC) in large molecules by time-resolved fluorescence (TF). Following photoexcitation to the Sn (n ≥ 2) state, TF of the S1 state was recorded for two boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives in solution. IC to S1 takes place nearly instantaneously within 20 fs for both molecules. Abundant nuclear wave packet motions in the S1 state are manifest in the TF signals, which demonstrates that the IC in these BODIPY molecules is coherent with respect to most of the vibrational modes. Theoretical calculations assuming impulsive IC to S1 account for the wave packet dynamics accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Kiho Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Munnyon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Taiha Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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7
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van Stokkum IHM, Kloz M, Polli D, Viola D, Weißenborn J, Peerbooms E, Cerullo G, Kennis JTM. Vibronic dynamics resolved by global and target analysis of ultrafast transient absorption spectra. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:114113. [PMID: 34551543 DOI: 10.1063/5.0060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a methodology that provides a complete parametric description of the time evolution of the electronically and vibrationally excited states as detected by ultrafast transient absorption (TA). Differently from previous approaches, which started fitting the data after ≈100 fs, no data are left out in our methodology, and the "coherent artifact" and the instrument response function are fully taken into account. In case studies, the method is applied to solvents, the dye Nile blue, and all-trans β-carotene in cyclohexane solution. The estimated Damped Oscillation Associated Spectra (DOAS) and phases express the most important vibrational frequencies present in the molecular system. By global fit alone of the experimental data, it is difficult to interpret in detail the underlying dynamics. Since it is unfeasible to directly fit the data by a theoretical simulation, our enhanced DOAS methodology thus provides a useful "middle ground" where the theoretical description and the fit of the experimental data can meet. β-carotene in cyclohexane was complementarily studied with femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS). The fs-ps dynamics of β-carotene in cyclohexane in TA and FSRS experiments can be described by a sequential scheme S2 → hot S1 → S1' → S1 → S0 with lifetimes of 167 fs (fixed), 0.35, 1.1, and 9.6 ps. The correspondence of DOAS decaying concomitantly with hot S1 and the Species Associated Difference Spectra of hot S1 in TA and FSRS suggest that we observe here features of the vibrational relaxation and nuclear reorganization responsible for the hot S1 to S1 transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo H M van Stokkum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miroslav Kloz
- Institute of Physics, ELI Beamlines, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dario Polli
- IFN-CNR, Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Viola
- IFN-CNR, Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jörn Weißenborn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ebo Peerbooms
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - John T M Kennis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Mohan T M N, Leslie CH, Sil S, Rose JB, Tilluck RW, Beck WF. Broadband 2DES detection of vibrational coherence in the S x state of canthaxanthin. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:035103. [PMID: 34293883 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonadiabatic mechanism that mediates nonradiative decay of the bright S2 state to the dark S1 state of carotenoids involves population of a bridging intermediate state, Sx, in several examples. The nature of Sx remains to be determined definitively, but it has been recently suggested that Sx corresponds to conformationally distorted molecules evolving along out-of-plane coordinates of the isoprenoid backbone near a low barrier between planar and distorted conformations on the S2 potential surface. In this study, the electronic and vibrational dynamics accompanying the formation of Sx in toluene solutions of the ketocarotenoid canthaxanthin (CAN) are characterized with broadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) with 7.8 fs excitation pulses and detection of the linear polarization components of the third-order nonlinear optical signal. A stimulated-emission cross peak in the 2DES spectrum accompanies the formation of Sx in <20 fs following excitation of the main absorption band. Sx is prepared instantaneously, however, with excitation of hot-band transitions associated with distorted conformations of CAN's isoprenoid backbone in the low frequency onset of the main absorption band. Vibrational coherence oscillation maps and modulated anisotropy transients show that Sx undergoes displacements from the Franck-Condon S2 state along out-of-plane coordinates as it passes to the S1 state. The results are consistent with the conclusion that CAN's carbonyl-substituted β-ionone rings impart an intramolecular charge-transfer character that frictionally slows the passage from Sx to S1 compared to carotenoids lacking carbonyl substitution. Despite the longer lifetime, the S1 state of CAN is formed with retention of vibrational coherence after passing through a conical intersection seam with the Sx state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nila Mohan T M
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Chase H Leslie
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Sourav Sil
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Justin B Rose
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Ryan W Tilluck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Warren F Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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9
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Kuramochi H, Tahara T. Tracking Ultrafast Structural Dynamics by Time-Domain Raman Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9699-9717. [PMID: 34096295 PMCID: PMC9344463 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In traditional Raman spectroscopy,
narrow-band light is irradiated
on a sample, and its inelastic scattering, i.e., Raman scattering,
is detected. The energy difference between the Raman scattering and
the incident light corresponds to the vibrational energy of the molecule,
providing the Raman spectrum that contains rich information about
the molecular-level properties of the materials. On the other hand,
by using ultrashort optical pulses, it is possible to induce Raman-active
coherent nuclear motion of the molecule and to observe the molecular
vibration in real time. Moreover, this time-domain Raman measurement
can be combined with femtosecond photoexcitation, triggering chemical
changes, which enables tracking ultrafast structural dynamics in a
form of “time-resolved” time-domain Raman spectroscopy,
also known as time-resolved impulsive stimulated Raman spectroscopy.
With the advent of stable, ultrashort laser pulse sources, time-resolved
impulsive stimulated Raman spectroscopy now realizes high sensitivity
and a wide detection frequency window from THz to 3000 cm–1, and has seen success in unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying
the efficient functions of complex molecular systems. In this Perspective,
we overview the present status of time-domain Raman spectroscopy,
particularly focusing on its application to the study of femtosecond
structural dynamics. We first explain the principle and a brief history
of time-domain Raman spectroscopy and then describe the apparatus
and recent applications to the femtosecond dynamics of complex molecular
systems, including proteins, molecular assemblies, and functional
materials. We also discuss future directions for time-domain Raman
spectroscopy, which has reached a status allowing a wide range of
applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Kuramochi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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10
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Khan T, Litvín R, Šebelík V, Polívka T. Excited-State Evolution of Keto-Carotenoids after Excess Energy Excitation in the UV Region. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:471-480. [PMID: 33373476 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are molecules with rich photophysics that are in many biological systems involved in photoprotection. Yet, their response to excess energy excitation is only scarcely studied. Here we have explored excited state properties of three keto-carotenoids, echinenone, canthaxanthin and rhodoxanthin after excess energy excitation to a singlet state absorbing in UV. Though the basic spectral features and kinetics of S2 , hot S1 , relaxed S1 states remain unchanged upon UV excitation, the clear increase of the S* signal is observed after excess energy excitation, associated with increased S* lifetime. A multiple origin of the S* signal, originating either from specific conformations in the S1 state or from a non-equilibrated ground state, is confirmed in this work. We propose that the increased amount of energy stored in molecular vibrations, induced by the UV excitation, is the reason for the enhanced S* signal observed after UV excitation. Our data also suggest that a fraction of the UV excited state population may proceed through a non-sequential pathway, bypassing the S2 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Khan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Litvín
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Šebelík
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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11
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De Sio A, Sommer E, Nguyen XT, Groß L, Popović D, Nebgen BT, Fernandez-Alberti S, Pittalis S, Rozzi CA, Molinari E, Mena-Osteritz E, Bäuerle P, Frauenheim T, Tretiak S, Lienau C. Intermolecular conical intersections in molecular aggregates. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:63-68. [PMID: 33199882 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conical intersections (CoIns) of multidimensional potential energy surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and control pathways and yields of many photo-initiated intramolecular processes. Such topologies can be potentially involved in the energy transport in aggregated molecules or polymers but are yet to be uncovered. Here, using ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES), we reveal the existence of intermolecular CoIns in molecular aggregates relevant for photovoltaics. Ultrafast, sub-10-fs 2DES tracks the coherent motion of a vibrational wave packet on an optically bright state and its abrupt transition into a dark state via a CoIn after only 40 fs. Non-adiabatic dynamics simulations identify an intermolecular CoIn as the source of these unusual dynamics. Our results indicate that intermolecular CoIns may effectively steer energy pathways in functional nanostructures for optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta De Sio
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Ephraim Sommer
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Xuan Trung Nguyen
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lynn Groß
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Duško Popović
- Institut für Organische Chemie II und Neue Materialien, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Fernandez-Alberti
- National University of Quilmes/CONICET, Department of Science and Technology, Bernal (B1876BXD), Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
| | | | | | - Elisa Molinari
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Modena, Italy
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institut für Organische Chemie II und Neue Materialien, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institut für Organische Chemie II und Neue Materialien, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Computational Science Research Center, Beijing and Computational Science and Applied Research Institute Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Christoph Lienau
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
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12
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Gurchiek JK, Rose JB, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ, Tilluck RW, Ghosh S, Gascón JA, Beck WF. Fluorescence Anisotropy Detection of Barrier Crossing and Ultrafast Conformational Dynamics in the S 2 State of β-Carotene. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9029-9046. [PMID: 32955881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are usually only weakly fluorescent despite being very strong absorbers in the mid-visible region because their first two excited singlet states, S1 and S2, have very short lifetimes. To probe the structural mechanisms that promote the nonradiative decay of the S2 state to the S1 state, we have carried out a series of fluorescence lineshape and anisotropy measurements with a prototype carotenoid, β-carotene, in four aprotic solvents. The anisotropy values observed in the fluorescence emission bands originating from the S2 and S1 states reveal that the large internal rotations of the emission transition dipole moment, as much as 50° relative to that of the absorption transition dipole moment, are initiated during ultrafast evolution on the S2 state potential energy surface and persist upon nonradiative decay to the S1 state. Electronic structure calculations of the orientation of the transition dipole moment account for the anisotropy results in terms of torsional and pyramidal distortions near the center of the isoprenoid backbone. The excitation wavelength dependence of the fluorescence anisotropy indicates that these out-of-plane conformational motions are initiated by passage over a low-activation energy barrier from the Franck-Condon S2 structure. This conclusion is consistent with detection over the 80-200 K range of a broad, red-shifted fluorescence band from a dynamic intermediate evolving on a steep gradient of the S2 state potential energy surface after crossing the activation barrier. The temperature dependence of the oscillator strength and anisotropy indicate that nonadiabatic passage from S2 through a conical intersection seam to S1 is promoted by the out-of-plane motions of the isoprenoid backbone with strong hindrance by solvent friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Gurchiek
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Justin B Rose
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Matthew J Guberman-Pfeffer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06268-1712, United States
| | - Ryan W Tilluck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan, Lombardy 20133, Italy
| | - José A Gascón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06268-1712, United States
| | - Warren F Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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13
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Optical Projection and Spatial Separation of Spin-Entangled Triplet Pairs from the S1 (21 Ag–) State of Pi-Conjugated Systems. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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Saccon F, Durchan M, Bína D, Duffy CD, Ruban AV, Polívka T. A Protein Environment-Modulated Energy Dissipation Channel in LHCII Antenna Complex. iScience 2020; 23:101430. [PMID: 32818906 PMCID: PMC7452274 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The major light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) is the main contributor to sunlight energy harvesting in plants. The flexible design of LHCII underlies a photoprotective mechanism whereby this complex switches to a dissipative state in response to high light stress, allowing the rapid dissipation of excess excitation energy (non-photochemical quenching, NPQ). In this work, we locked single LHCII trimers in a quenched conformation after immobilization of the complexes in polyacrylamide gels to impede protein interactions. A comparison of their pigment excited-state dynamics with quenched LHCII aggregates in buffer revealed the presence of a new spectral band at 515 nm arising after chlorophyll excitation. This is suggested to be the signature of a carotenoid excited state, linked to the quenching of chlorophyll singlet excited states. Our data highlight the marked sensitivity of pigment excited-state dynamics in LHCII to structural changes induced by the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saccon
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, UK
| | - Milan Durchan
- University of South Bohemia, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- University of South Bohemia, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher D.P. Duffy
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, UK
| | - Alexander V. Ruban
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, UK
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- University of South Bohemia, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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15
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Taffet EJ, Fassioli F, Toa ZSD, Beljonne D, Scholes GD. Uncovering dark multichromophoric states in Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190736. [PMID: 32183641 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that visible light harvesting in Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein is driven by the interplay between the bright (S2) and dark (S1) states of peridinin (carotenoid), along with the lowest-lying bright (Qy) and dark (Qx) states of chlorophyll-a. Here, we analyse a chromophore cluster in the crystal structure of Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein, in particular, a peridinin-peridinin and a peridinin-chlorophyll-a dimer, and present quantum chemical evidence for excited states that exist beyond the confines of single peridinin and chlorophyll chromophores. These dark multichromophoric states, emanating from the intermolecular packing native to Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein, include a correlated triplet pair comprising neighbouring peridinin excitations and a charge-transfer interaction between peridinin and the adjacent chlorophyll-a. We surmise that such dark multichromophoric states may explain two spectral mysteries in light-harvesting pigments: the sub-200-fs singlet fission observed in carotenoid aggregates, and the sub-200-fs chlorophyll-a hole generation in Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J Taffet
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Francesca Fassioli
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.,SISSA - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italy
| | - Zi S D Toa
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - David Beljonne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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16
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Chen L, Gelin MF, Zhao Y, Domcke W. Mapping of Wave Packet Dynamics at Conical Intersections by Time- and Frequency-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5873-5880. [PMID: 31518141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of wave packet dynamics at conical intersections by time- and frequency-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy has been investigated theoretically for a three-state two-mode model of a conical intersection coupled to a dissipative environment. The ideal and the actually measurable time- and frequency-gated fluorescence spectra are accurately and efficiently simulated by combining the hierarchy equations-of-motion method for dissipative quantum dynamics with the methodology of the equation-of-motion phase-matching approach for the calculation of spectroscopic signals. It is shown that time- and frequency-resolved fluorescence spectra reveal essential aspects of the wave packet dynamics at conical intersections and the effects of environment-induced dissipation. The results of the present work indicate that fluorescence up-conversion spectroscopy with femtosecond time resolution is an efficient tool for the characterization of ultrafast dynamics at conical intersections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , D-85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , D-85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Materials Science , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität München , D-85747 Garching , Germany
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17
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Schnedermann C, Alvertis AM, Wende T, Lukman S, Feng J, Schröder FAYN, Turban DHP, Wu J, Hine NDM, Greenham NC, Chin AW, Rao A, Kukura P, Musser AJ. A molecular movie of ultrafast singlet fission. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4207. [PMID: 31527736 PMCID: PMC6746807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex dynamics of ultrafast photoinduced reactions are governed by their evolution along vibronically coupled potential energy surfaces. It is now often possible to identify such processes, but a detailed depiction of the crucial nuclear degrees of freedom involved typically remains elusive. Here, combining excited-state time-domain Raman spectroscopy and tree-tensor network state simulations, we construct the full 108-atom molecular movie of ultrafast singlet fission in a pentacene dimer, explicitly treating 252 vibrational modes on 5 electronic states. We assign the tuning and coupling modes, quantifying their relative intensities and contributions, and demonstrate how these modes coherently synchronise to drive the reaction. Our combined experimental and theoretical approach reveals the atomic-scale singlet fission mechanism and can be generalized to other ultrafast photoinduced reactions in complex systems. This will enable mechanistic insight on a detailed structural level, with the ultimate aim to rationally design molecules to maximise the efficiency of photoinduced reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnedermann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Antonios M Alvertis
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Torsten Wende
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Steven Lukman
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jiaqi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Florian A Y N Schröder
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - David H P Turban
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Nicholas D M Hine
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Alex W Chin
- Centre National de la Recherce Scientifique, Institute des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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18
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Fiedor L, Dudkowiak A, Pilch M. The origin of the dark S 1 state in carotenoids: a comprehensive model. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190191. [PMID: 31480924 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In carotenoids, by analogy to polyenes, the symmetry of the π-electron system is often invoked to explain their peculiar electronic features, in particular the inactivity of the S0 → S1 transition in one-photon excitation. In this review, we verify whether the molecular symmetry of carotenoids and symmetry of their π-electron system are supported in experimental and computational studies. We focus on spectroscopic techniques which are sensitive to the electron density distribution, including the X-ray crystallography, electronic absorption, two-photon techniques, circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, Stark and vibrational spectroscopies, and on this basis we seek for the origin of inactivity of the S1 state. We come across no experimental and computational evidence for the symmetry effects and the existence of symmetry restrictions on the electronic states of carotenoids. They do not possess an inversion centre and the C2h symmetry approximation of carotenoid structure is by no means justified. In effect, the application of symmetry rules (and notification) to the electronic states of carotenoids in this symmetry group may lead to a wrong interpretation of experimental data. This conclusion together with the results summarized in the review allows us to advance a consistent model that explains the inactivity of the S0 → S1 transition. Within this model, S1 is never accessible from S0 due to the negative synergy of (i) the contributions of double excitations of very low probability, which elevate S1 energy, and (ii) a non-verticality of the S0 → S1 transition, due to the breaking of Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Certainly, our simple model requires a further experimental and theoretical verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Fiedor
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alina Dudkowiak
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pilch
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30387 Kraków, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30387 Kraków, Poland
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19
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Musser AJ, Al-Hashimi M, Heeney M, Clark J. Heavy-atom effects on intramolecular singlet fission in a conjugated polymer. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:044902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5110269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Musser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd., London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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20
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Agathangelou D, Orozco-Gonzalez Y, Del Carmen Marín M, Roy PP, Brazard J, Kandori H, Jung KH, Léonard J, Buckup T, Ferré N, Olivucci M, Haacke S. Effect of point mutations on the ultrafast photo-isomerization of Anabaena sensory rhodopsin. Faraday Discuss 2019; 207:55-75. [PMID: 29388996 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anabaena sensory rhodopsin (ASR) is a particular microbial retinal protein for which light-adaptation leads to the ability to bind both the all-trans, 15-anti (AT) and the 13-cis, 15-syn (13C) isomers of the protonated Schiff base of retinal (PSBR). In the context of obtaining insight into the mechanisms by which retinal proteins catalyse the PSBR photo-isomerization reaction, ASR is a model system allowing to study, within the same protein, the protein-PSBR interactions for two different PSBR conformers at the same time. A detailed analysis of the vibrational spectra of AT and 13C, and their photo-products in wild-type ASR obtained through femtosecond (pump-) four-wave-mixing is reported for the first time, and compared to bacterio- and channelrhodopsin. As part of an extensive study of ASR mutants with blue-shifted absorption spectra, we present here a detailed computational analysis of the origin of the mutation-induced blue-shift of the absorption spectra, and identify electrostatic interactions as dominating steric effects that would entail a red-shift. The excited state lifetimes and isomerization reaction times (IRT) for the three mutants V112N, W76F, and L83Q are studied experimentally by femtosecond broadband transient absorption spectroscopy. Interestingly, in all three mutants, isomerization is accelerated for AT with respect to wild-type ASR, and this the more, the shorter the wavelength of maximum absorption. On the contrary, the 13C photo-reaction is slightly slowed down, leading to an inversion of the ESLs of AT and 13C, with respect to wt-ASR, in the blue-most absorbing mutant L83Q. Possible mechanisms for these mutation effects, and their steric and electrostatic origins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Agathangelou
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Inst. de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 67034 Strasbourg, France.
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21
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Bull JN, West CW, Anstöter CS, da Silva G, Bieske EJ, Verlet JRR. Ultrafast photoisomerisation of an isolated retinoid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10567-10579. [PMID: 31073587 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced excited state dynamics of gas-phase trans-retinoate (deprotonated trans-retinoic acid, trans-RA-) are studied using tandem ion mobility spectrometry coupled with laser spectroscopy, and frequency-, angle- and time-resolved photoelectron imaging. Photoexcitation of the bright S3(ππ*) ← S0 transition leads to internal conversion to the S1(ππ*) state on a ≈80 fs timescale followed by recovery of S0 and concomitant isomerisation to give the 13-cis (major) and 9-cis (minor) photoisomers on a ≈180 fs timescale. The sub-200 fs stereoselective photoisomerisation parallels that for the retinal protonated Schiff base chromophore in bacteriorhodopsin. Measurements on trans-RA- in methanol using the solution photoisomerisation action spectroscopy technique show that 13-cis-RA- is also the principal photoisomer, although the 13-cis and 9-cis photoisomers are formed with an inverted branching ratio with photon energy in methanol when compared with the gas phase, presumably due to solvent-induced modification of potential energy surfaces and inhibition of electron detachment processes. Comparison of the gas-phase time-resolved data with transient absorption spectroscopy measurements on retinoic acid in methanol suggest that photoisomerisation is roughly six times slower in solution. This work provides clear evidence that solvation significantly affects the photoisomerisation dynamics of retinoid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Christopher W West
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Cate S Anstöter
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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22
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Palacino-González E, Gelin MF, Domcke W. Analysis of transient-absorption pump-probe signals of nonadiabatic dissipative systems: “Ideal” and “real” spectra. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5094485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim F. Gelin
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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23
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Wu EC, Ge Q, Arsenault EA, Lewis NHC, Gruenke NL, Head-Gordon MJ, Fleming GR. Two-dimensional electronic-vibrational spectroscopic study of conical intersection dynamics: an experimental and electronic structure study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14153-14163. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05264f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relaxation from the lowest singlet excited state of the triphenylmethane dyes, crystal violet and malachite green, is studied via two-dimensional electronic-vibrational (2DEV) spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division
| | - Qinghui Ge
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Eric A. Arsenault
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division
| | | | - Natalie L. Gruenke
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division
| | | | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division
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24
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Pandya R, Chen RYS, Cheminal A, Thomas T, Thampi A, Tanoh A, Richter J, Shivanna R, Deschler F, Schnedermann C, Rao A. Observation of Vibronic-Coupling-Mediated Energy Transfer in Light-Harvesting Nanotubes Stabilized in a Solid-State Matrix. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5604-5611. [PMID: 30149711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy is employed to obtain real-time structural information on energy transport in double-walled light-harvesting nanotubes at room temperature, stabilized in a host matrix to mimic the rigid scaffolds of natural light-harvesting systems. We observe evidence of a low-frequency vibrational mode at 315 cm-1, which transfers excitons from the outer wall of the nanotubes to a crossing point through which energy transfer to the inner wall can occur. This mode is furthermore absent in solution phase. Importantly, the coherence of this mode is not transferred to the inner wall upon energy transfer and is only present on the outer wall's excited-state energy surface, highlighting that complete energy transfer between the outer and inner walls does not take place. Isolation of the individual walls of the nanotubes provides evidence that this mode corresponds to a supramolecular motion of the nanotubes. Our results emphasize the importance of the solid-state environment in modulating vibronic coupling and directing energy transfer in molecular light-harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Richard Y S Chen
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Cheminal
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Tudor Thomas
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Arya Thampi
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Arelo Tanoh
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Richter
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Felix Deschler
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
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25
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Paul N, Jiang M, Bieniek N, Lustres JLP, Li Y, Wollscheid N, Buckup T, Dreuw A, Hampp N, Motzkus M. Substituting Coumarins for Quinolinones: Altering the Cycloreversion Potential Energy Landscape. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7587-7597. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Paul
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Man Jiang
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen und Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Bieniek
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - J. Luis Pérez Lustres
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Wollscheid
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen und Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Motzkus
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Multidimensional Vibrational Coherence Spectroscopy. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:35. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Peng WT, Fales BS, Shu Y, Levine BG. Dynamics of recombination via conical intersection in a semiconductor nanocrystal. Chem Sci 2018; 9:681-687. [PMID: 29629136 PMCID: PMC5869574 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04221c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conical intersections are well known to introduce nonradiative decay pathways in molecules, but have only recently been implicated in nonradiative recombination processes in materials. Here we apply excited state ab initio molecular dynamics simulations based on a multireference description of the electronic structure to defective silicon nanocrystals up to 1.7 nm in diameter to search for accessible nonradiative recombination pathways. Dangling bond defects are found to induce conical intersections between the ground and first excited electronic states of five systems of various sizes. These defect-induced conical intersections are accessible at energies that are in the visible range (2.4-2.7 eV) and very weakly dependent on particle size. The dynamic simulations suggest that these intersections are accessed 40-60 fs after creation of a defect-localized excitation. This ultrafast recombination is attributed to the fact that Jahn-Teller distortion on the first excited state drives the defect directly towards a conical intersection with the ground electronic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Peng
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI 48824 , USA .
| | - B Scott Fales
- Department of Chemistry , The PULSE Institute , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , CA 94025 , USA
| | - Yinan Shu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN 55455 , USA
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI 48824 , USA .
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28
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Takaya T, Anan M, Iwata K. Vibrational relaxation dynamics of β-carotene and its derivatives with substituents on terminal rings in electronically excited states as studied by femtosecond time-resolved stimulated Raman spectroscopy in the near-IR region. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3320-3327. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved near-IR stimulated Raman spectroscopy indicates acceleration of vibrational relaxation in carotenoids by carbonyl substitution on their peripheral rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Takaya
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gakushuin University
- Tokyo 171-8588
- Japan
| | - Masato Anan
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gakushuin University
- Tokyo 171-8588
- Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gakushuin University
- Tokyo 171-8588
- Japan
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29
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Farag MH, Jansen TLC, Knoester J. The origin of absorptive features in the two-dimensional electronic spectra of rhodopsin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12746-12754. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00638e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A three-state three-mode model Hamiltonian reveals the origin of the absorptive features in the two-dimensional electronic spectra of rhodopsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa H. Farag
- University of Groningen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- University of Groningen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- University of Groningen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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30
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Demchenko AP, Tomin VI, Chou PT. Breaking the Kasha Rule for More Efficient Photochemistry. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13353-13381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Demchenko
- Palladin
Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kyiv 01030, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir I. Tomin
- Institute
of Physics, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, ul. Arciszewskiego, 22b, Słupsk 76-200, Poland
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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31
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Kowalewski M, Fingerhut BP, Dorfman KE, Bennett K, Mukamel S. Simulating Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy of Nonadiabatic Molecular Processes: From the Infrared to the X-ray Regime. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12165-12226. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kowalewski
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Fingerhut
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin E. Dorfman
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kochise Bennett
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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32
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Vibronically coherent ultrafast triplet-pair formation and subsequent thermally activated dissociation control efficient endothermic singlet fission. Nat Chem 2017; 9:1205-1212. [PMID: 29168494 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Singlet exciton fission (SF), the conversion of one spin-singlet exciton (S1) into two spin-triplet excitons (T1), could provide a means to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit in photovoltaics. SF as measured by the decay of S1 has been shown to occur efficiently and independently of temperature, even when the energy of S1 is as much as 200 meV less than that of 2T1. Here we study films of triisopropylsilyltetracene using transient optical spectroscopy and show that the triplet pair state (TT), which has been proposed to mediate singlet fission, forms on ultrafast timescales (in 300 fs) and that its formation is mediated by the strong coupling of electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. This is followed by a slower loss of singlet character as the excitation evolves to become only TT. We observe the TT to be thermally dissociated on 10-100 ns timescales to form free triplets. This provides a model for 'temperature-independent' efficient TT formation and thermally activated TT separation.
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33
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Farag MH, Jansen TLC, Knoester J. Probing the Interstate Coupling near a Conical Intersection by Optical Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3328-3334. [PMID: 27509384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conical intersections are points where adiabatic potential energy surfaces cross. The interstate coupling between the potential energy surfaces plays a crucial role in many processes associated with conical intersections. Still no method exists to measure this coupling driving the chemical reactions between the potential energy surfaces involved. In this Letter, using a generic model for photoisomerization, we propose a novel experimental approach to estimate the coupling that mixes the electronic states near a conical intersection. The approach is based on analyzing the vibrational wavepacket of the reactant in the adiabatic ground and excited electronic states. The nuclear wavepacket dynamics are extracted from linear absorption and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. Comparing the frequencies of the coupling mode in the adiabatic ground and excited states from models with and without coupling between the potential energy surfaces suggests an experimental tool to determine the interstate coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa H Farag
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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34
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Duan HG, Miller RJD, Thorwart M. Impact of Vibrational Coherence on the Quantum Yield at a Conical Intersection. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3491-3496. [PMID: 27547995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study the vibrationally coherent quantum dynamics of an electronic wave packet in the vicinity of a conical intersection within a three-state two-mode model. By transforming the coherent tuning and coupling modes into the bath, the underdamped dynamics of the resulting effective three-state model is solved efficiently by the numerically exact hierarchy equation of motion approach. The transient excited-state absorption and two-dimensional spectra reveal the impact of vibrational coherence on the relaxation pathways of the wave packet. We find that both the quantum yield and the isomerization rate are crucially influenced by the vibrational coherence of the wave packet. A less coherent wave packet can traverse the conical intersection more rapidly, while the resulting quantum yield is smaller. Finally, we show that repeated passages of the wave packet through the conical intersection can lead to measurable interference effects in the form of Stueckelberg oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Duan
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg , Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck-Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck-Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Michael Thorwart
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg , Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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35
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Fiedor L, Fiedor J, Pilch M. Effects of Molecular Symmetry on the Electronic Transitions in Carotenoids. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1821-9. [PMID: 27138647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is the verification of symmetry effects on the electronic absorption spectra of carotenoids. The symmetry breaking in cis-β-carotenes and in carotenoids with nonlinear π-electron system is of virtually no effect on the dark transitions in these pigments, in spite of the loss of the inversion center and evident changes in their electronic structure. In the cis isomers, the S2 state couples with the higher excited states and the extent of this coupling depends on the position of the cis bend. A confrontation of symmetry properties of carotenoids with their electronic absorption and IR and Raman spectra shows that they belong to the C1 or C2 but not the C2h symmetry group, as commonly assumed. In these realistic symmetries all the electronic transitions are symmetry-allowed and the absence of some transitions, such as the dark S0 → S1 transition, must have another physical origin. Most likely it is a severe deformation of the carotenoid molecule in the S1 state, unachievable directly from the ground state, which means that the Franck-Condon factors for a vertical S0 → S1 transition are negligible because the final state is massively displaced along the vibrational coordinates. The implications of our findings have an impact on the understanding of the photophysics and functioning of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Fiedor
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Fiedor
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology , Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pilch
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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36
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Hoffman DP, Mathies RA. Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Exposes the Role of Vibrational Coherence in Condensed-Phase Photoreactivity. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:616-25. [PMID: 27003235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond spectroscopy has revealed coherent wave packet motion time and time again, but the question as to whether these coherences are necessary for reactivity or merely a consequence of the experiment has remained open. For diatomic systems in the gas phase, such as sodium iodide, the dimensionality of the system requires coordinated atomic motion along the reaction coordinate. Coherent dynamics are also readily observed in condensed-phase multidimensional systems such as chromophores in proteins and solvated charge transfer dimers. Is precisely choreographed nuclear motion (i.e., coherence) required for reactivity in these systems? Can this coherence reveal anything about the reaction coordinate? In this Account, we describe our efforts to tackle these questions using femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS). Results of four exemplary systems are summarized to illustrate the role coherence can play in condensed-phase reactivity, the exploitation of vibrational coherence to measure vibrational anharmonicities, and the development of two-dimensional FSRS (2D-FSRS). We begin with rhodopsin, the protein responsible for vertebrate vision. The rhodopsin photoreaction is preternaturally fast: ground-state photoproduct is formed in less than 200 fs. However, the reactively important hydrogen out-of-plane motions as well as various torsions and stretches remain vibrationally coherent long after the reaction is complete, indicating that vibrational coherence can and does survive reactive internal conversion. Both the ultrashort time scale of the reaction and the observed vibrational coherence indicate that the reaction in rhodopsin is a vibrationally coherent process. Next we examine the functional excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) reaction of green fluorescent protein. Oscillations in the phenoxy C-O and imidazolinone C═N stretches in the FSRS spectrum indicated strong anharmonic coupling to a low-frequency phenyl wagging mode that gates the ESPT reaction. In this case, the coherence revealed not only itself but also the mode coupling that is necessary for reactivity. Curious as to whether vibrational coherence is a common phenomenon, we examined two simpler photochemical systems. FSRS studies of the charge transfer dimer tetramethylbenzene:tetracyanoquinodimethane revealed many vibrational oscillations with high signal-to-noise ratio that allowed us to develop a 2D-FSRS technique to quantitatively measure anharmonic vibrational coupling for many modes within a reacting excited state. Armed with this technique, we turned our attention to a bond-breaking reaction, the cycloreversion of a cyclohexadiene derivative. By means of 2D-FSRS, the vibrational composition of the excited-state transition state and therefore the reaction coordinate was revealed. In aggregate, these FSRS measurements demonstrate that vibrational coherences persist for many picoseconds in condensed phases at room temperature and can survive reactive internal conversion. Moreover, these coherences can be leveraged to reveal quantitative anharmonic couplings between a molecule's normal modes in the excited state. These anharmonic couplings are the key to determining how normal modes combine to form a reaction coordinate. It is becoming clear that condensed-phase photochemical reactions that occur in 10 ps or less require coordinated, coherent nuclear motion for efficient reactive internal conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P. Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richard A. Mathies
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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37
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Schnedermann C, Muders V, Ehrenberg D, Schlesinger R, Kukura P, Heberle J. Vibronic Dynamics of the Ultrafast all-trans to 13-cis Photoisomerization of Retinal in Channelrhodopsin-1. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4757-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnedermann
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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38
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Perlík V, Seibt J, Cranston LJ, Cogdell RJ, Lincoln CN, Savolainen J, Šanda F, Mančal T, Hauer J. Vibronic coupling explains the ultrafast carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer in natural and artificial light harvesters. J Chem Phys 2016; 142:212434. [PMID: 26049454 DOI: 10.1063/1.4919548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial energy transfer steps in photosynthesis occur on ultrafast timescales. We analyze the carotenoid to bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer in LH2 Marichromatium purpuratum as well as in an artificial light-harvesting dyad system by using transient grating and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy with 10 fs time resolution. We find that Förster-type models reproduce the experimentally observed 60 fs transfer times, but overestimate coupling constants, which lead to a disagreement with both linear absorption and electronic 2D-spectra. We show that a vibronic model, which treats carotenoid vibrations on both electronic ground and excited states as part of the system's Hamiltonian, reproduces all measured quantities. Importantly, the vibronic model presented here can explain the fast energy transfer rates with only moderate coupling constants, which are in agreement with structure based calculations. Counterintuitively, the vibrational levels on the carotenoid electronic ground state play the central role in the excited state population transfer to bacteriochlorophyll; resonance between the donor-acceptor energy gap and the vibrational ground state energies is the physical basis of the ultrafast energy transfer rates in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Perlík
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, Prague 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Joachim Seibt
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, Prague 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Laura J Cranston
- Institute of Molecular Cell and System Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland
| | - Richard J Cogdell
- Institute of Molecular Cell and System Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland
| | - Craig N Lincoln
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janne Savolainen
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - František Šanda
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, Prague 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mančal
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, Prague 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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39
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Rao BJ, Gelin MF, Domcke W. Resonant Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectra: Theory and Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3286-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Jayachander Rao
- Departamento de Química,
and Centro de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maxim F. Gelin
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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40
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Duan HG, Thorwart M. Quantum Mechanical Wave Packet Dynamics at a Conical Intersection with Strong Vibrational Dissipation. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:382-386. [PMID: 26751091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We derive a reduced model for the nonadiabatic quantum dynamics of an electronic wave packet moving through a conical intersection in the presence of strong vibrational damping. Starting from the dissipative two-state two-model model, we transform the tuning and the coupling mode to the bath. The resulting quantum two-state model with two highly structured environments is solved numerically exactly in the regime of strong vibrational damping. We find negative cross peaks in the ultrafast optical 2D spectra as clear signatures of the conical intersection. They arise from secondary excitations of the wave packet after having passed through the photophysical energy funnel. This feature is in agreement with recent transient absorption measurements of rhodopsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Duan
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg , Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck-Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Thorwart
- I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg , Jungiusstraße 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging , Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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41
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Chen L, Gelin MF, Chernyak VY, Domcke W, Zhao Y. Dissipative dynamics at conical intersections: simulations with the hierarchy equations of motion method. Faraday Discuss 2016; 194:61-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00088f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a dissipative environment on the ultrafast nonadiabatic dynamics at conical intersections is analyzed for a two-state two-mode model chosen to represent the S2(ππ*)–S1(nπ*) conical intersection in pyrazine (the system) which is bilinearly coupled to infinitely many harmonic oscillators in thermal equilibrium (the bath). The system–bath coupling is modeled by the Drude spectral function. The equation of motion for the reduced density matrix of the system is solved numerically exactly with the hierarchy equation of motion method using graphics-processor-unit (GPU) technology. The simulations are valid for arbitrary strength of the system–bath coupling and arbitrary bath memory relaxation time. The present computational studies overcome the limitations of weak system–bath coupling and short memory relaxation time inherent in previous simulations based on multi-level Redfield theory [A. Kühl and W. Domcke, J. Chem. Phys. 2002, 116, 263]. Time evolutions of electronic state populations and time-dependent reduced probability densities of the coupling and tuning modes of the conical intersection have been obtained. It is found that even weak coupling to the bath effectively suppresses the irregular fluctuations of the electronic populations of the isolated two-mode conical intersection. While the population of the upper adiabatic electronic state (S2) is very efficiently quenched by the system–bath coupling, the population of the diabatic ππ* electronic state exhibits long-lived oscillations driven by coherent motion of the tuning mode. Counterintuitively, the coupling to the bath can lead to an enhanced lifetime of the coherence of the tuning mode as a result of effective damping of the highly excited coupling mode, which reduces the strong mode–mode coupling inherent to the conical intersection. The present results extend previous studies of the dissipative dynamics at conical intersections to the nonperturbative regime of system–bath coupling. They pave the way for future first-principles simulations of femtosecond time-resolved four-wave-mixing spectra of chromophores in condensed phases which are nonperturbative in the system dynamics, the system–bath coupling as well as the field-matter coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Chen
- Division of Materials Science
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
| | - Maxim F. Gelin
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- Garching D-85747
- Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- Garching D-85747
- Germany
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Materials Science
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
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42
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Ghosh S, Bishop MM, Roscioli JD, Mueller JJ, Shepherd NC, LaFountain AM, Frank HA, Beck WF. Femtosecond Heterodyne Transient-Grating Studies of Nonradiative Decay of the S2 (11Bu+) State of β-Carotene: Contributions from Dark Intermediates and Double-Quantum Coherences. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:14905-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Michael M. Bishop
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Jerome D. Roscioli
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Jenny Jo Mueller
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Nolan C. Shepherd
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Amy M. LaFountain
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Warren F. Beck
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
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43
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Quick M, Kasper MA, Richter C, Mahrwald R, Dobryakov AL, Kovalenko SA, Ernsting NP. β-Carotene Revisited by Transient Absorption and Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3824-35. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quick
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Marc-André Kasper
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Celin Richter
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Rainer Mahrwald
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Alexander L. Dobryakov
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Sergey A. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Nikolaus P. Ernsting
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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44
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Krčmář J, Gelin MF, Domcke W. Simulation of femtosecond two-dimensional electronic spectra of conical intersections. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:074308. [PMID: 26298135 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have simulated femtosecond two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectra for an excited-state conical intersection using the wave-function version of the equation-of-motion phase-matching approach. We show that 2D spectra at fixed values of the waiting time provide information on the structure of the vibronic eigenstates of the conical intersection, while the evolution of the spectra with the waiting time reveals predominantly ground-state wave-packet dynamics. The results show that 2D spectra of conical intersection systems differ significantly from those obtained for chromophores with well separated excited-state potential-energy surfaces. The spectral signatures which can be attributed to conical intersections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Krčmář
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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45
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Liebel M, Schnedermann C, Wende T, Kukura P. Principles and Applications of Broadband Impulsive Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9506-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Liebel
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, U.K
| | - C. Schnedermann
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, U.K
| | - T. Wende
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, U.K
| | - P. Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, U.K
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46
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Kim SY, Joo T. Coherent Nuclear Wave Packets in Q States by Ultrafast Internal Conversions in Free Base Tetraphenylporphyrin. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2993-2998. [PMID: 26267193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Persistence of vibrational coherence in electronic transition has been noted especially in biochemical systems. Here, we report the dynamics between electronic excited states in free base tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) by time-resolved fluorescence with high time resolution. Following the photoexcitation of the B state, ultrafast internal conversion occurs to the Qx state directly as well as via the Qy state. Unique and distinct coherent nuclear wave packet motions in the Qx and Qy states are observed through the modulation of the fluorescence intensity in time. The instant, serial internal conversions from the B to the Qy and Qx states generate the coherent wave packets. Theory and experiment show that the observed vibrational modes involve the out-of-plane vibrations of the porphyrin ring that are strongly coupled to the internal conversion of H2TPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Taiha Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
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47
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Oliver TAA, Fleming GR. Following Coupled Electronic-Nuclear Motion through Conical Intersections in the Ultrafast Relaxation of β-Apo-8′-carotenal. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:11428-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. A. Oliver
- Physical
Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Physical
Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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48
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Musser AJ, Maiuri M, Brida D, Cerullo G, Friend RH, Clark J. The nature of singlet exciton fission in carotenoid aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5130-9. [PMID: 25825939 PMCID: PMC4440407 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Singlet exciton fission allows the fast and efficient generation of two spin triplet states from one photoexcited singlet. It has the potential to improve organic photovoltaics, enabling efficient coupling to the blue to ultraviolet region of the solar spectrum to capture the energy generally lost as waste heat. However, many questions remain about the underlying fission mechanism. The relation between intermolecular geometry and singlet fission rate and yield is poorly understood and remains one of the most significant barriers to the design of new singlet fission sensitizers. Here we explore the structure-property relationship and examine the mechanism of singlet fission in aggregates of astaxanthin, a small polyene. We isolate five distinct supramolecular structures of astaxanthin generated through self-assembly in solution. Each is capable of undergoing intermolecular singlet fission, with rates of triplet generation and annihilation that can be correlated with intermolecular coupling strength. In contrast with the conventional model of singlet fission in linear molecules, we demonstrate that no intermediate states are involved in the triplet formation: instead, singlet fission occurs directly from the initial 1B(u) photoexcited state on ultrafast time scales. This result demands a re-evaluation of current theories of polyene photophysics and highlights the robustness of carotenoid singlet fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Musser
- †Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- ‡IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Brida
- §Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- ‡IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Richard H Friend
- †Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Clark
- ∥Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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49
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Quick M, Dobryakov AL, Kovalenko SA, Ernsting NP. Resonance Femtosecond-Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy without Actinic Excitation Showing Low-Frequency Vibrational Activity in the S2 State of All-Trans β-Carotene. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1216-1220. [PMID: 26262974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Raman scattering with stimulating femtosecond probe pulses (FSR) was used to observe vibrational activity of all-trans β-carotene in n-hexane. The short-lived excited electronic state S2 was accessed in two ways: (i) by transient FSR after an actinic pulse to populate the S2 state, exploiting resonance from an Sx ← S2 transition, and (ii) by FSR without actinic excitation, using S2 ↔ S0 resonance exclusively and narrow-band Raman/broad-band femtosecond probe pulses only. The two approaches have nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ((5)) and χ((3)), respectively. Both methods show low-frequency bands of the S2 state at 200, 400, and ∼600 cm(-1), which are reported for the first time. With (ii) the intensities of low-frequency vibrational resonances in S2 are larger compared to those in S0, implying strong anharmonicities/mode mixing in the excited state. In principle, for short-lived electronic states, the χ((3)) method should allow the best characterization of low-frequency modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quick
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander L Dobryakov
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey A Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus P Ernsting
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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50
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Schnedermann C, Liebel M, Kukura P. Mode-Specificity of Vibrationally Coherent Internal Conversion in Rhodopsin during the Primary Visual Event. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2886-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508941k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnedermann
- Physical
and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Matz Liebel
- Physical
and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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