1
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Deb AB, Kjærgaard N. Observation of Pauli blocking in light scattering from quantum degenerate fermions. Science 2021; 374:972-975. [PMID: 34793206 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita B Deb
- Department of Physics, Quantum Science Otago (QSO), and Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Niels Kjærgaard
- Department of Physics, Quantum Science Otago (QSO), and Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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2
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Yoo SM. Optical cooperative effects of multiemitters in a one-dimensional (1D) dense array. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35314-35326. [PMID: 34808968 DOI: 10.1364/oe.440558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically explore cooperative effects of equally spaced multiemitters in a 1D dense array driven by a low-intensity probe field propagating through a 1D waveguide by modeling the emitters as point-like coupled electric dipoles. We calculate the collective optical spectra of a number of 1D emitter arrays with any radiation-retention coefficient η using both exact classical-electrodynamics and mean-field-theory formalisms. We illustrate cooperative effects of lossless 1D emitter arrays with η = 1 at the emitter spacings, which are displayed by steep edges accompanied by a deep minimum and Fano resonances in the plots of transmissivities as a function of the detuning of the incident light from the emitter resonance. Numerical simulation of the full width of such optical bandgaps reveals that cooperativity between emitters is greater in a small array of size N ≤ 8 than in a larger one of size N > 8. For a lossy 1D emitter array in which the radiation retention coefficient is equal to or less than 0.1 the transmissivity obtained by exact-electrodynamics scheme exhibits no bandgap structures, being in good agreement with the mean-field-theory result. We propose that a 1D multiemitter array may work as a nanoscale filter blocking transmission of light with a frequency in the range of optical bandgaps.
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3
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Masson SJ, Ferrier-Barbut I, Orozco LA, Browaeys A, Asenjo-Garcia A. Many-Body Signatures of Collective Decay in Atomic Chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:263601. [PMID: 33449783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.263601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fully inverted atoms placed at exactly the same location synchronize as they deexcite, and light is emitted in a burst (known as "Dicke's superradiance"). We investigate the role of finite interatomic separation on correlated decay in mesoscopic chains and provide an understanding in terms of collective jump operators. We show that the superradiant burst survives at small distances, despite Hamiltonian dipole-dipole interactions. However, for larger separations, competition between different jump operators leads to dephasing, suppressing superradiance. Collective effects are still significant for arrays with lattice constants of the order of a wavelength, and lead to a photon emission rate that decays nonexponentially in time. We calculate the two-photon correlation function and demonstrate that emission is correlated and directional, as well as sensitive to small changes in the interatomic distance. These features can be measured in current experimental setups, and are robust to realistic imperfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Masson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Paris, France
| | - Luis A Orozco
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and NIST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Paris, France
| | - Ana Asenjo-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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4
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Spreeuw RJC. Off-Axis Dipole Forces in Optical Tweezers by an Optical Analog of the Magnus Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:233201. [PMID: 33337200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.233201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that a circular dipole can deflect the focused laser beam that induces it and will experience a corresponding transverse force. Quantitative expressions are derived for Gaussian and angular top hat beams, while the effects vanish in the plane wave limit. The phenomena are analogous to the Magnus effect, pushing a spinning ball onto a curved trajectory. The optical case originates in the coupling of spin and orbital angular momentum of the dipole and the light. In optical tweezers the force causes off-axis displacement of the trapping position of an atom by a spin-dependent amount up to λ/2π, set by the direction of a magnetic field. This suggests direct methods to demonstrate and explore these effects, for instance, to induce spin-dependent motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J C Spreeuw
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94485, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Ballantine KE, Ruostekoski J. Optical Magnetism and Huygens' Surfaces in Arrays of Atoms Induced by Cooperative Responses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:143604. [PMID: 33064535 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.143604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By utilizing strong optical resonant interactions in arrays of atoms with electric dipole transitions, we show how to synthesize collective optical responses that correspond to those formed by arrays of magnetic dipoles and other multipoles. Optically active magnetism with the strength comparable with that of electric dipole transitions is achieved in collective excitation eigenmodes of the array. By controlling the atomic level shifts, an array of spectrally overlapping, crossed electric and magnetic dipoles can be excited, providing a physical realization of a nearly reflectionless quantum Huygens' surface with the full 2π phase control of the transmitted light that allows for extreme wavefront engineering even at a single photon level. We illustrate this by creating a superposition of two different orbital angular momentum states of light from an ordinary input state that has no orbital angular momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Ballantine
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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6
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Li A, Liu Y, Bi C, Xu W, Ma Z, Cui H, Xu S. Pressure-dependent distinct luminescent evolutions of pyrene and TPA-Py single crystals. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 237:118390. [PMID: 32361518 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the high pressure on two single crystals, pyrene and N,N-diphenyl-4-(pyren-1-yl)aniline (TPA-Py), were studied by in situ fluorescent and Raman spectroscopies. During the compression, the pyrene with one structureless excimer emission band showed a continuous bathochromic-shift. In contrast, with the pressure increasing to 10.36 GPa, TPA-Py previously dominated with the hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited state gradually exhibited a new band at longer wavelengths, which is assigned to a new excited state species with the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state, caused by the pressure-induced changes on its molecular configuration. Accompanied by the spectral changes, a sequential color variation from blue to cyan was observed, giving a change to yellow and then red. The significant broadening of the full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of the TPA-Py is observed due to the enhanced dipole-dipole interaction and the existence of pressure gradient. Both pyrene and TPA-Py showed the delayed recovery of the luminescence in the compression-decompression cycle, which results from the poor reversibility of electronic structure caused by the compression-induced piezochromic effect. Furthermore, the evolutions of the Raman spectra of pyrene and TPA-Py indicated that the pressure-induced reversible transformation is caused by the molecular conformational change. This study is a deeper understanding of the structure-property relation of the HLCT species and will be a helpful reference for the regulation of photoluminescence in these intramolecular electron donor-acceptor crystal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisen Li
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Changjiang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Haining Cui
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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7
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Cidrim A, do Espirito Santo TS, Schachenmayer J, Kaiser R, Bachelard R. Photon Blockade with Ground-State Neutral Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:073601. [PMID: 32857558 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that induced dipole-dipole interactions allow for photon blockade in subwavelength ensembles of two-level, ground-state neutral atoms. Our protocol relies on the energy shift of the single-excitation, superradiant state of N atoms, which can be engineered to yield an effective two-level system. A coherent pump induces Rabi oscillation between the ground state and a collective bright state, with at most a single excitation shared among all atoms. The possibility of using clock transitions that are long-lived and relatively robust against stray fields, alongside new prospects on experiments with subwavelength lattices, makes our proposal a promising alternative for quantum information protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cidrim
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - T S do Espirito Santo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo-13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J Schachenmayer
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - R Kaiser
- Université de Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - R Bachelard
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Université de Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, 06560 Valbonne, France
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8
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Williamson LA, Borgh MO, Ruostekoski J. Superatom Picture of Collective Nonclassical Light Emission and Dipole Blockade in Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:073602. [PMID: 32857544 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that two-time, second-order correlations of scattered photons from planar arrays and chains of atoms display nonclassical features that can be described by a superatom picture of the canonical single-atom g_{2}(τ) resonance fluorescence result. For the superatom, the single-atom linewidth is replaced by the linewidth of the underlying collective low light-intensity eigenmode. Strong light-induced dipole-dipole interactions lead to a correlated response, suppressed joint photon detection events, and dipole blockade that inhibits multiple excitations of the collective atomic state. For targeted subradiant modes, the nonclassical nature of emitted light can be dramatically enhanced even compared with that of a single atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Williamson
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - M O Borgh
- Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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9
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Glicenstein A, Ferioli G, Šibalić N, Brossard L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Browaeys A. Collective Shift in Resonant Light Scattering by a One-Dimensional Atomic Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:253602. [PMID: 32639788 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.253602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study resonant light scattering by a one-dimensional randomly filled chain of cold two-level atoms. By a local measurement of the light scattered along the chain, we observe constructive interferences in light-induced dipole-dipole interactions between the atoms. They lead to a shift of the collective resonance despite the average interatomic distance being larger than the wavelength of the light. This result demonstrates that strong collective effects can be enhanced by structuring the geometrical arrangement of the ensemble. We also explore the high intensity regime where atoms cannot be described classically. We compare our measurement to a mean-field, nonlinear coupled-dipole model accounting for the saturation of the response of a single atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Glicenstein
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Giovanni Ferioli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Nikola Šibalić
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ludovic Brossard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
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10
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Jones R, Buonaiuto G, Lang B, Lesanovsky I, Olmos B. Collectively Enhanced Chiral Photon Emission from an Atomic Array near a Nanofiber. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:093601. [PMID: 32202864 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emitter ensembles interact collectively with the radiation field. In the case of a one-dimensional array of atoms near a nanofiber, this collective light-matter interaction does not only lead to an increased photon coupling to the guided modes within the fiber, but also to a drastic enhancement of the chirality in the photon emission. We show that near-perfect chirality can be achieved already for moderately sized ensembles, containing 10 to 15 atoms, by phase matching a superradiant collective guided emission mode via an external laser field. This is of importance for developing an efficient interface between atoms and waveguide structures with unidirectional coupling, with applications in quantum computing and communication such as the development of nonreciprocal photon devices or quantum information transfer channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Jones
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Buonaiuto
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ben Lang
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Beatriz Olmos
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Schilder NJ, Sauvan C, Sortais YRP, Browaeys A, Greffet JJ. Near-Resonant Light Scattering by a Subwavelength Ensemble of Identical Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:073403. [PMID: 32142324 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.073403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study theoretically the scattering of light by an ensemble of N resonant atoms in a subwavelength volume. We consider the low intensity regime so that each atom responds linearly to the field. While N noninteracting atoms would scatter N^{2} more than a single atom, we find that N interacting atoms scatter less than a single atom near resonance. In addition, the scattered power presents strong fluctuations, either from one realization to another or when varying the excitation frequency. We analyze this counterintuitive behavior in terms of collective modes resulting from the light-induced dipole-dipole interactions. We find that for small samples and sufficiently large atom number, their properties are governed only by their volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Schilder
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Sauvan
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Y R P Sortais
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Browaeys
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - J-J Greffet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, F-91127 Palaiseau, France
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12
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Kwong CC, Chan EA, Aljunid SA, Shakhmuratov R, Wilkowski D. Large optical depth frequency modulation spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:32323-32336. [PMID: 31684447 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.032323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Band-resolved frequency modulation spectroscopy is a common method to measure weak signals of radiative ensembles. When the optical depth of the medium is large, the signal drops exponentially and the technique becomes ineffective. In this situation, we show that a signal can be recovered when a larger modulation index is applied. Noticeably, this signal can be dominated by the natural linewidth of the resonance, regardless of the presence of inhomogeneous line broadening. We implement this technique on a cesium vapor, and then explore its main spectroscopic features. This work opens the road towards measurement of cooperative emission effects in bulk atomic ensemble.
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13
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Cherroret N, Hemmerling M, Nador V, Walraven JTM, Kaiser R. Robust Coherent Transport of Light in Multilevel Hot Atomic Vapors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:183203. [PMID: 31144888 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.183203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using a model system, we demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically that coherent scattering of light can be robust in hot atomic vapors despite a significant Doppler effect. By operating in a linear regime of far-detuned light scattering, we also unveil the emergence of interference triggered by inelastic Stokes and anti-Stokes transitions involving the atomic hyperfine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cherroret
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL University, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Hemmerling
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, Valbonne F-06560, France
| | - V Nador
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, Valbonne F-06560, France
| | - J T M Walraven
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Kaiser
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, Valbonne F-06560, France
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14
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Jen HH. Super- and sub-radiance from two-dimensional resonant dipole-dipole interactions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5804. [PMID: 30967605 PMCID: PMC6456626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the super- and sub-radiance from the resonant dipole-dipole interactions (RDDI) in a confined two-dimensional (2D) reservoir. The distinctive feature of 2D RDDI shows qualitatively and quantitatively different long-range behavior from RDDI in free space. We investigate the collective radiation properties of the singly-excited symmetric state under this 2D RDDI. This state also allows subradiant decays in much longer distances than the transition wavelength, showing longrange atom-atom correlations. We further study the dynamics of the subradiant states which can be accessed by imprinting spatially dependent phases on the atomic arrays. Our results demonstrate rich opportunities in engineering light-matter interactions in a confined 2D reservoir, and hold promise in applications of quantum light storage and single-excitation state manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Jen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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15
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Kumlin J, Hofferberth S, Büchler HP. Emergent Universal Dynamics for an Atomic Cloud Coupled to an Optical Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:013601. [PMID: 30028171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.013601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of a single collective excitation in a cold ensemble of atoms coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. The coupling between the atoms and the photonic modes provides a coherent and a dissipative dynamics for this collective excitation. While the dissipative part accounts for the collectively enhanced and directed emission of photons, we find a remarkable universal dynamics for increasing atom numbers exhibiting several revivals under the coherent part. While this phenomenon provides a limit on the intrinsic dephasing for such a collective excitation, a setup is presented where the universal dynamics can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kumlin
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hofferberth
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physics@SDU, University of Southern Denmark, 5320 Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans Peter Büchler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Cooperative light scattering from helical-phase-imprinted atomic rings. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9570. [PMID: 29934557 PMCID: PMC6015022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the light scattering of super- and subradiant states of an atomic ring prepared by single excitation with a photon which carries an orbital angular momentum (OAM). For excitations with linear polarizations, the helical phase imprinted (HPI) atomic ring presents a discrete C4 rotational symmetry when number of atoms N = 4n with integers n, while for circular polarizations with arbitrary N, the continuous and CN symmetries emerge for the super- and subradiant modes, respectively. The HPI superradiant modes predominantly scatter photons in the forward-backward direction, and the forward scattering can be further enhanced as atomic rings are stacked along the excitation direction. The HPI subradiant modes then preferentially scatter photons in the transversal directions, and when rings are stacked concentrically and on a plane, crossover from sub- to superradiance is observed which leads to splitting and localization of the far-field scattering patterns in the polar angle. The HPI super- and subradiant states are thus detectable through measuring the far-field radiation patterns, which further allow quantum storage and detection of a single photon with an OAM.
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17
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Directional subradiance from helical-phase-imprinted multiphoton states. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7163. [PMID: 29740163 PMCID: PMC5940866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the far-field scattering properties of multiphoton super- and subradiant states which can be prepared by multiphoton excitations with orbital angular momentum (OAM). Due to multiphoton interference, the far-field patterns of the subradiant modes show directional scattering along the excitation direction or transverse scattering with number of peaks equal to the number of atoms. When more atoms are involved, we consider structures of stacked and concentric rings, which respectively show enhanced directional scattering and smoothed emission patterns. Our scheme gives insights to prepare many-body subradiant states, and is potentially applicable to quantum storage of multiphoton with OAM. By designing atomic spatial distributions, these cooperative states can tailor the far-field emission properties, which is useful for light collections and quantum information manipulations.
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18
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Manzoni MT, Chang DE, Douglas JS. Simulating quantum light propagation through atomic ensembles using matrix product states. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1743. [PMID: 29170367 PMCID: PMC5700945 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A powerful method to interface quantum light with matter is to propagate the light through an ensemble of atoms. Recently, a number of such interfaces have emerged, most prominently Rydberg ensembles, that enable strong nonlinear interactions between propagating photons. A largely open problem is whether these systems produce exotic many-body states of light and developing new tools to study propagation in the large photon number limit is highly desirable. Here we provide a method based on a “spin model” that maps quasi one-dimensional (1D) light propagation to the dynamics of an open 1D interacting spin system, where all photon correlations are obtained from those of the spins. The spin dynamics in turn are numerically solved using the toolbox of matrix product states. We apply this formalism to investigate vacuum induced transparency, wherein the different photon number components of a pulse propagate with number-dependent group velocity and separate at output. Numerical simulation of light propagation through 1D atomic systems in the many-body limit rapidly saturates hardware capabilities. Here, the authors tackle the problem by mapping the dynamics to an open 1D interacting spin system and solving it using the matrix product state ansatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco T Manzoni
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darrick E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James S Douglas
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Matzliah N, Edri H, Sinay A, Ozeri R, Davidson N. Observation of Optomechanical Strain in a Cold Atomic Cloud. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:163201. [PMID: 29099207 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.163201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of optomechanical strain applied to thermal and quantum degenerate ^{87}Rb atomic clouds when illuminated by an intense, far detuned homogeneous laser beam. In this regime the atomic cloud acts as a lens that focuses the laser beam. As a backaction, the atoms experience a force opposite to the beam deflection, which depends on the atomic cloud density profile. We experimentally demonstrate the basic features of this force, distinguishing it from the well-established scattering and dipole forces. The observed strain saturates, ultimately limiting the momentum impulse that can be transferred to the atoms. This optomechanical force may effectively induce interparticle interactions, which can be optically tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Matzliah
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hagai Edri
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Asif Sinay
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Roee Ozeri
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nir Davidson
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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20
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Shahmoon E, Wild DS, Lukin MD, Yelin SF. Cooperative Resonances in Light Scattering from Two-Dimensional Atomic Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:113601. [PMID: 28368620 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We consider light scattering off a two-dimensional (2D) dipolar array and show how it can be tailored by properly choosing the lattice constant of the order of the incident wavelength. In particular, we demonstrate that such arrays can operate as a nearly perfect mirror for a wide range of incident angles and frequencies, and shape the emission pattern from an individual quantum emitter into a well-defined, collimated beam. These results can be understood in terms of the cooperative resonances of the surface modes supported by the 2D array. Experimental realizations are discussed, using ultracold arrays of trapped atoms and excitons in 2D semiconductor materials, as well as potential applications ranging from atomically thin metasurfaces to single photon nonlinear optics and nanomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Shahmoon
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Dominik S Wild
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Susanne F Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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21
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Facchinetti G, Jenkins SD, Ruostekoski J. Storing Light with Subradiant Correlations in Arrays of Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:243601. [PMID: 28009199 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We show how strong light-mediated resonant dipole-dipole interactions between atoms can be utilized in a control and storage of light. The method is based on a high-fidelity preparation of a collective atomic excitation in a single correlated subradiant eigenmode in a lattice. We demonstrate how a simple phenomenological model captures the qualitative features of the dynamics and sharp transmission resonances that may find applications in sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Facchinetti
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - S D Jenkins
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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22
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Roof SJ, Kemp KJ, Havey MD, Sokolov IM. Observation of Single-Photon Superradiance and the Cooperative Lamb Shift in an Extended Sample of Cold Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:073003. [PMID: 27563958 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.073003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report direct, time-resolved observations of single-photon superradiance in a highly extended, elliptical sample of cold ^{87}Rb atoms. The observed rapid decay rate is accompanied by its counterpart, the cooperative Lamb shift. The rate of the strongly directional decay, and the associated shift, scale linearly with the number of atoms, demonstrating the collective nature of the observed quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Roof
- Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - K J Kemp
- Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M D Havey
- Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - I M Sokolov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, State Polytechnic University, 195251 St.-Petersburg, Russia and Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 198103 St.-Petersburg, Russia
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23
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Jennewein S, Besbes M, Schilder NJ, Jenkins SD, Sauvan C, Ruostekoski J, Greffet JJ, Sortais YRP, Browaeys A. Coherent Scattering of Near-Resonant Light by a Dense Microscopic Cold Atomic Cloud. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:233601. [PMID: 27341230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.233601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We measure the coherent scattering of light by a cloud of laser-cooled atoms with a size comparable to the wavelength of light. By interfering a laser beam tuned near an atomic resonance with the field scattered by the atoms, we observe a resonance with a redshift, a broadening, and a saturation of the extinction for increasing atom numbers. We attribute these features to enhanced light-induced dipole-dipole interactions in a cold, dense atomic ensemble that result in a failure of standard predictions such as the "cooperative Lamb shift". The description of the atomic cloud by a mean-field model based on the Lorentz-Lorenz formula that ignores scattering events where light is scattered recurrently by the same atom and by a microscopic discrete dipole model that incorporates these effects lead to progressively closer agreement with the observations, despite remaining differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jennewein
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - M Besbes
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - N J Schilder
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - S D Jenkins
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - C Sauvan
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - J-J Greffet
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Y R P Sortais
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - A Browaeys
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
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24
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Jenkins SD, Ruostekoski J, Javanainen J, Bourgain R, Jennewein S, Sortais YRP, Browaeys A. Optical Resonance Shifts in the Fluorescence of Thermal and Cold Atomic Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:183601. [PMID: 27203321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.183601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We show that the resonance shifts in the fluorescence of a cold gas of rubidium atoms substantially differ from those of thermal atomic ensembles that obey the standard continuous medium electrodynamics. The analysis is based on large-scale microscopic numerical simulations and experimental measurements of the resonance shifts in a steady-state response in light propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Jenkins
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Javanainen
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, USA
| | - R Bourgain
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, 2 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - S Jennewein
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, 2 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Y R P Sortais
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, 2 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - A Browaeys
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, 2 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91127 Palaiseau cedex, France
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25
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Longo P, Keitel CH, Evers J. Tailoring superradiance to design artificial quantum systems. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23628. [PMID: 27009604 PMCID: PMC4806359 DOI: 10.1038/srep23628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperative phenomena arising due to the coupling of individual atoms via the radiation field are a cornerstone of modern quantum and optical physics. Recent experiments on x-ray quantum optics added a new twist to this line of research by exploiting superradiance in order to construct artificial quantum systems. However, so far, systematic approaches to deliberately design superradiance properties are lacking, impeding the desired implementation of more advanced quantum optical schemes. Here, we develop an analytical framework for the engineering of single-photon superradiance in extended media applicable across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, and show how it can be used to tailor the properties of an artificial quantum system. This “reverse engineering” of superradiance not only provides an avenue towards non-linear and quantum mechanical phenomena at x-ray energies, but also leads to a unified view on and a better understanding of superradiance across different physical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Longo
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Evers
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Goldschmidt EA, Boulier T, Brown RC, Koller SB, Young JT, Gorshkov AV, Rolston SL, Porto JV. Anomalous Broadening in Driven Dissipative Rydberg Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:113001. [PMID: 27035299 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We observe interaction-induced broadening of the two-photon 5s-18s transition in ^{87}Rb atoms trapped in a 3D optical lattice. The measured linewidth increases by nearly 2 orders of magnitude with increasing atomic density and excitation strength, with corresponding suppression of resonant scattering and enhancement of off-resonant scattering. We attribute the increased linewidth to resonant dipole-dipole interactions of 18s atoms with blackbody induced population in nearby np states. Over a range of initial atomic densities and excitation strengths, the transition width is described by a single function of the steady-state density of Rydberg atoms, and the observed resonant excitation rate corresponds to that of a two-level system with the measured, rather than natural, linewidth. The broadening mechanism observed here is likely to have negative implications for many proposals with coherently interacting Rydberg atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Goldschmidt
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
| | - T Boulier
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - R C Brown
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - S B Koller
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - J T Young
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S L Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - J V Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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27
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Collective atomic scattering and motional effects in a dense coherent medium. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11039. [PMID: 26984643 PMCID: PMC4800430 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate collective emission from coherently driven ultracold 88Sr atoms. We perform two sets of experiments using a strong and weak transition that are insensitive and sensitive, respectively, to atomic motion at 1 μK. We observe highly directional forward emission with a peak intensity that is enhanced, for the strong transition, by >103 compared with that in the transverse direction. This is accompanied by substantial broadening of spectral lines. For the weak transition, the forward enhancement is substantially reduced due to motion. Meanwhile, a density-dependent frequency shift of the weak transition (∼10% of the natural linewidth) is observed. In contrast, this shift is suppressed to <1% of the natural linewidth for the strong transition. Along the transverse direction, we observe strong polarization dependences of the fluorescence intensity and line broadening for both transitions. The measurements are reproduced with a theoretical model treating the atoms as coherent, interacting radiating dipoles. Light scattering from a dense coherent medium is determined by the interplay of dispersive and radiative dipole–dipole interactions. Here, the authors control the motional effects that obscure the coherence of scattered light and study collective emission in a driven gas of cold strontium-88 atoms.
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28
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Bettles RJ, Gardiner SA, Adams CS. Enhanced Optical Cross Section via Collective Coupling of Atomic Dipoles in a 2D Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:103602. [PMID: 27015480 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the optical cross section is an enticing goal in light-matter interactions, due to its fundamental role in quantum and nonlinear optics. Here, we show how dipolar interactions can suppress off-axis scattering in a two-dimensional atomic array, leading to a subradiant collective mode where the optical cross section is enhanced by almost an order of magnitude. As a consequence, it is possible to attain an optical depth which implies high-fidelity extinction, from a monolayer. Using realistic experimental parameters, we also model how lattice vacancies and the atomic trapping depth affect the transmission, concluding that such high extinction should be possible, using current experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Bettles
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Center (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A Gardiner
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Center (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S Adams
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Center (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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29
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Guerin W, Araújo MO, Kaiser R. Subradiance in a Large Cloud of Cold Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:083601. [PMID: 26967415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.083601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since Dicke's seminal paper on coherence in spontaneous radiation by atomic ensembles, superradiance has been extensively studied. Subradiance, on the contrary, has remained elusive, mainly because subradiant states are weakly coupled to the environment and are very sensitive to nonradiative decoherence processes. Here, we report the experimental observation of subradiance in an extended and dilute cold-atom sample containing a large number of particles. We use a far detuned laser to avoid multiple scattering and observe the temporal decay after a sudden switch-off of the laser beam. After the fast decay of most of the fluorescence, we detect a very slow decay, with time constants as long as 100 times the natural lifetime of the excited state of individual atoms. This subradiant time constant scales linearly with the cooperativity parameter, corresponding to the on-resonance optical depth of the sample, and is independent of the laser detuning, as expected from a coupled-dipole model.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Guerin
- Institut Non Linéaire de Nice, CNRS and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 1361 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Michelle O Araújo
- Institut Non Linéaire de Nice, CNRS and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 1361 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Robin Kaiser
- Institut Non Linéaire de Nice, CNRS and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 1361 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
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30
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Yoo SM, Paik SM. Cooperative optical response of 2D dense lattices with strongly correlated dipoles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:2156-2165. [PMID: 26906791 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.002156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study light propagation in dense low-temperature atoms on two-dimensional (2D) square and kagome lattices using a basically exact large-scale numerical computations. In the limit of weak laser intensity, shifts of the resonance line are shown in homogeneously broadened stationary samples with high atom densities, whereas the shifts are not shown in the samples with low densities. We obtain the dependence of shifts on interatomic spacing for square lattices with the various numbers of atoms, and our numerical results are in good agreement with shifts derived using a 2D isotropic infinite lattice model and experimental data for nanometric-thickness atomic ensembles in the literature.
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31
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Javanainen J, Ruostekoski J. Light propagation beyond the mean-field theory of standard optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:993-1001. [PMID: 26832481 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With ready access to massive computer clusters we may now study light propagation in a dense cold atomic gas by means of basically exact numerical simulations. We report on a direct comparison between traditional optics, that is, electrodynamics of a polarizable medium, and numerical simulations in an elementary problem of light propagating through a slab of matter. The standard optics fails already at quite low atom densities, and the failure becomes dramatic when the average interatomic separation is reduced to around k(-1), where k is the wave number of resonant light. The difference between the two solutions originates from correlations between the atoms induced by light-mediated dipole-dipole interactions.
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32
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Roof S, Kemp K, Havey M, Sokolov IM, Kupriyanov DV. Microscopic lensing by a dense, cold atomic sample. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1137-1140. [PMID: 25831276 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a cold, dense sample of Rb87 atoms can exhibit a micron-scale lensing effect, much like that associated with a macroscopically sized lens. The experiment is carried out in the fashion of traditional z-scan measurements but in much weaker fields and where close attention is paid to the detuning dependence of the transmitted light. The results are interpreted using numerical simulations and by modeling the sample as a thin lens with a spherical focal length.
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33
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Skipetrov SE, Sokolov IM. Magnetic-field-driven localization of light in a cold-atom gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:053902. [PMID: 25699442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.053902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We discover a transition from extended to localized quasimodes for light in a gas of immobile two-level atoms in a magnetic field. The transition takes place either upon increasing the number density of atoms in a strong field or upon increasing the field at a high enough density. It has many characteristic features of a disorder-driven (Anderson) transition but is strongly influenced by near-field interactions between atoms and the anisotropy of the atomic medium induced by the magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Skipetrov
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LPMMC, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LPMMC, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - I M Sokolov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
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34
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Kwong CC, Yang T, Pramod MS, Pandey K, Delande D, Pierrat R, Wilkowski D. Cooperative Emission of a Coherent Superflash of Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:223601. [PMID: 25494070 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the transient coherent transmission of light through an optically thick cold strontium gas. We observe a coherent superflash just after an abrupt probe extinction, with peak intensity more than three times the incident one. We show that this coherent superflash is a direct signature of the cooperative forward emission of the atoms. By engineering fast transient phenomena on the incident field, we give a clear and simple picture of the physical mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Kwong
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Yang
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - M S Pramod
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - K Pandey
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Delande
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Paris 6, ENS, CNRS; 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R Pierrat
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D Wilkowski
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore, Singapore and Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore and Institut Non Linéaire de Nice, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR 7335, 06560 Valbonne, France
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35
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Puthumpally-Joseph R, Sukharev M, Atabek O, Charron E. Dipole-induced electromagnetic transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:163603. [PMID: 25361258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.163603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We determine the optical response of a thin and dense layer of interacting quantum emitters. We show that, in such a dense system, the Lorentz redshift and the associated interaction broadening can be used to control the transmission and reflection spectra. In the presence of overlapping resonances, a dipole-induced electromagnetic transparency (DIET) regime, similar to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), may be achieved. DIET relies on destructive interference between the electromagnetic waves emitted by quantum emitters. Carefully tuning material parameters allows us to achieve narrow transmission windows in, otherwise, completely opaque media. We analyze in detail this coherent and collective effect using a generalized Lorentz model and show how it can be controlled. Several potential applications of the phenomenon, such as slow light, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim Sukharev
- Science and Mathematics Faculty, College of Letters and Sciences, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA
| | - Osman Atabek
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (CNRS), F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Eric Charron
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (CNRS), F-91405 Orsay, France
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