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Zhou Z, Chen HT, Sukharev M, Subotnik JE, Nitzan A. On the nature of two-photon transitions for a collection of molecules in a Fabry-Perot cavity. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:094107. [PMID: 38426526 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigate the effect of a cavity on nonlinear two-photon transitions of a molecular system and we analyze how such an effect depends on the cavity quality factor, the field enhancement, and the possibility of dephasing. We find that the molecular response to strong light fields in a cavity with a variable quality factor can be understood as arising from a balance between (i) the ability of the cavity to enhance the field of an external probe and promote multiphoton transitions more easily and (ii) the fact that the strict selection rules on multiphoton transitions in a cavity support only one resonant frequency within the excitation range. Although our simulations use a classical level description of the radiation field (i.e., we solve Maxwell-Bloch or Maxwell-Liouville equations within the Ehrenfest approximation for the field-molecule interaction), based on experience with this level of approximation in the past studies of plasmonic and polaritonic systems, we believe that our results are valid over a wide range of external probing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hsing-Ta Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Maxim Sukharev
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Firoozi A, Amphawan A, Khordad R, Mohammadi A, Jalali T, Edet CO, Ali N. Effect of nanoshell geometries, sizes, and quantum emitter parameters on the sensitivity of plasmon-exciton hybrid nanoshells for sensing application. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11325. [PMID: 37443203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A proposed nanosensor based on hybrid nanoshells consisting of a core of metal nanoparticles and a coating of molecules is simulated by plasmon-exciton coupling in semi classical approach. We study the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with multilevel atoms in a way that takes into account both the spatial and the temporal dependence of the local fields. Our approach has a wide range of applications, from the description of pulse propagation in two-level media to the elaborate simulation of optoelectronic devices, including sensors. We have numerically solved the corresponding system of coupled Maxwell-Liouville equations using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for different geometries. Plasmon-exciton hybrid nanoshells with different geometries are designed and simulated, which shows more sensitive to environment refractive index (RI) than nanosensor based on localized surface plasmon. The effects of nanoshell geometries, sizes, and quantum emitter parameters on the sensitivity of nanosensors to changes in the RI of the environment were investigated. It was found that the cone-like nanoshell with a silver core and quantum emitter shell had the highest sensitivity. The tapered shape of the cone like nanoshell leads to a higher density of plasmonic excitations at the tapered end of the nanoshell. Under specific conditions, two sharp, deep LSPR peaks were evident in the scattering data. These distinguishing features are valuable as signatures in nanosensors requiring fast, noninvasive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Firoozi
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918, Iran
| | - Angela Amphawan
- Smart Photonics Research Laboratory, Sunway University, 47500, Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Future Cities Research Institute, Sunway University, 47500, Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - R Khordad
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 75918, Iran.
| | - A Mohammadi
- Department of Physics, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75196, Iran
| | - T Jalali
- Department of Physics, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75196, Iran
| | - C O Edet
- Institute of Engineering Mathematics, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - N Ali
- Department of Physics, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
- Advanced Communication Engineering (ACE) Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
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Chen HT, Li TE, Sukharev M, Nitzan A, Subotnik JE. Ehrenfest+R dynamics. I. A mixed quantum-classical electrodynamics simulation of spontaneous emission. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:044102. [PMID: 30709254 DOI: 10.1063/1.5057365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of an electronic system interacting with an electromagnetic field is investigated within mixed quantum-classical theory. Beyond the classical path approximation (where we ignore all feedback from the electronic system on the photon field), we consider all electron-photon interactions explicitly according to Ehrenfest (i.e., mean-field) dynamics and a set of coupled Maxwell-Liouville equations. Because Ehrenfest dynamics cannot capture certain quantum features of the photon field correctly, we propose a new Ehrenfest+R method that can recover (by construction) spontaneous emission while also distinguishing between electromagnetic fluctuations and coherent emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Ta Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Tao E Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Maxim Sukharev
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Sukharev M, Nitzan A. Optics of exciton-plasmon nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:443003. [PMID: 28805193 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa85ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a brief introduction to the physics of coupled exciton-plasmon systems, the theoretical description and experimental manifestation of such phenomena, followed by an account of the state-of-the-art methodology for the numerical simulations of such phenomena and supplemented by a number of FORTRAN codes, by which the interested reader can introduce himself/herself to the practice of such simulations. Applications to CW light scattering as well as transient response and relaxation are described. Particular attention is given to so-called strong coupling limit, where the hybrid exciton-plasmon nature of the system response is strongly expressed. While traditional descriptions of such phenomena usually rely on analysis of the electromagnetic response of inhomogeneous dielectric environments that individually support plasmon and exciton excitations, here we explore also the consequences of a more detailed description of the molecular environment in terms of its quantum density matrix (applied in a mean field approximation level). Such a description makes it possible to account for characteristics that cannot be described by the dielectric response model: the effects of dephasing on the molecular response on one hand, and nonlinear response on the other. It also highlights the still missing important ingredients in the numerical approach, in particular its limitation to a classical description of the radiation field and its reliance on a mean field description of the many-body molecular system. We end our review with an outlook to the near future, where these limitations will be addressed and new novel applications of the numerical approach will be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Sukharev
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States of America. Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
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Blake A, Sukharev M. Photon echo in exciton-plasmon nanomaterials: A time-dependent signature of strong coupling. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:084704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4977079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Blake
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Maxim Sukharev
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA
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Puthumpally-Joseph R, Sukharev M, Charron E. Non-Hermitian wave packet approximation for coupled two-level systems in weak and intense fields. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:154109. [PMID: 27389211 DOI: 10.1063/1.4947140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce a non-Hermitian Schrödinger-type approximation of optical Bloch equations for two-level systems. This approximation provides a complete and accurate description of the coherence and decoherence dynamics in both weak and strong laser fields at the cost of losing accuracy in the description of populations. In this approach, it is sufficient to propagate the wave function of the quantum system instead of the density matrix, providing that relaxation and dephasing are taken into account via automatically adjusted time-dependent gain and decay rates. The developed formalism is applied to the problem of scattering and absorption of electromagnetic radiation by a thin layer comprised of interacting two-level emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiju Puthumpally-Joseph
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Maxim Sukharev
- Science and Mathematics Faculty, College of Letters and Sciences, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA
| | - Eric Charron
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
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Yoo SM, Paik SM. Cooperative optical response of 2D dense lattices with strongly correlated dipoles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:2156-2165. [PMID: 26906791 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.002156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We study light propagation in dense low-temperature atoms on two-dimensional (2D) square and kagome lattices using a basically exact large-scale numerical computations. In the limit of weak laser intensity, shifts of the resonance line are shown in homogeneously broadened stationary samples with high atom densities, whereas the shifts are not shown in the samples with low densities. We obtain the dependence of shifts on interatomic spacing for square lattices with the various numbers of atoms, and our numerical results are in good agreement with shifts derived using a 2D isotropic infinite lattice model and experimental data for nanometric-thickness atomic ensembles in the literature.
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