QCD sum rules for magnetically induced mixing between ηc and J/ψ

Charmonium in electromagnetic and vortical fields

Due to their large mass and early production, heavy quarks (quarkonia) can be sensitive probes to investigate the fast-decaying electromagnetic and vortical fields produced in heavy-ion collisions. The non-relativistic Schrödinger-like equation for heavy quarks under strong electromagnetic fields in the rotating frame is deduced and used to construct the two-body equation for the charmonium system. The effective potential between charm and anti-charm quarks becomes anisotropic in electromagnetic and vortical fields, especially along the direction of the Lorentz force. The vorticity will affect this asymmetry and catalyze the transition from a strong interaction dominant bound state to an electromagnetic and vortical interaction controlled anisotropic bound state.