1
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Zhao Z, He S, An H, Lei Z, Xie Y, Yuan W, Jiao J, Zhou K, Zhang Y, Ye J, Xie Z, Xiong J, Fang Z, He X, Wang W, Zhou W, Zhang B, Zhu S, Qiao B. Laboratory evidence of Weibel magnetogenesis driven by temperature gradient using three-dimensional synchronous proton radiography. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk5229. [PMID: 38569034 PMCID: PMC10990267 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The origin of the cosmic magnetic field remains an unsolved mystery, relying not only on specific dynamo processes but also on the seed field to be amplified. Recently, the diffuse radio emission and Faraday rotation observations reveal that there has been a microgauss-level magnetic field in intracluster medium in the early universe, which places strong constraints on the strength of the initial field and implies the underlying kinetic effects; the commonly believed Biermann battery can only provide extremely weak seed of 10-21 G. Here, we present evidence for the spontaneous Weibel-type magnetogenesis in laser-produced weakly collisional plasma with the three-dimensional synchronous proton radiography, where the distribution anisotropy directly arises from the temperature gradient, even without the commonly considered interpenetrating plasmas or shear flows. This field can achieve sufficient strength and is sensitive to Coulomb collision. Our results demonstrate the importance of kinetics in magnetogenesis in weakly collisional astrophysical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Zhao
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, and SKLNPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shukai He
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Honghai An
- Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, CAEP, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhu Lei
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, and SKLNPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, and SKLNPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenqiang Yuan
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, and SKLNPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinlong Jiao
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, and SKLNPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kainan Zhou
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Junjian Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, CAEP, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, CAEP, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, CAEP, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhiheng Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, CAEP, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiantu He
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, CAEP, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Weimin Zhou
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Baohan Zhang
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Shaoping Zhu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, and SKLNPT, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronic, Peking University, Beijing 100094, China
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2
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Arran C, Bradford P, Dearling A, Hicks GS, Al-Atabi S, Antonelli L, Ettlinger OC, Khan M, Read MP, Glize K, Notley M, Walsh CA, Kingham RJ, Najmudin Z, Ridgers CP, Woolsey NC. Measurement of Magnetic Cavitation Driven by Heat Flow in a Plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:015101. [PMID: 37478421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.015101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe the direct measurement of the expulsion of a magnetic field from a plasma driven by heat flow. Using a laser to heat a column of gas within an applied magnetic field, we isolate Nernst advection and show how it changes the field over a nanosecond timescale. Reconstruction of the magnetic field map from proton radiographs demonstrates that the field is advected by heat flow in advance of the plasma expansion with a velocity v_{N}=(6±2)×10^{5} m/s. Kinetic and extended magnetohydrodynamic simulations agree well in this regime due to the buildup of a magnetic transport barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arran
- York Plasma Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - P Bradford
- York Plasma Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Dearling
- York Plasma Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - G S Hicks
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Al-Atabi
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - L Antonelli
- First Light Fusion Ltd., Unit 9/10 Oxford Industrial Park, Mead Road, Yarnton, Kidlington OX5 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - O C Ettlinger
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Khan
- York Plasma Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - M P Read
- First Light Fusion Ltd., Unit 9/10 Oxford Industrial Park, Mead Road, Yarnton, Kidlington OX5 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - K Glize
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 OQX, United Kingdom
| | - M Notley
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 OQX, United Kingdom
| | - C A Walsh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
| | - R J Kingham
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Z Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom
| | - C P Ridgers
- York Plasma Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - N C Woolsey
- York Plasma Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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3
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Bolaños S, Sladkov A, Smets R, Chen SN, Grisollet A, Filippov E, Henares JL, Nastasa V, Pikuz S, Riquier R, Safronova M, Severin A, Starodubtsev M, Fuchs J. Laboratory evidence of magnetic reconnection hampered in obliquely interacting flux tubes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6426. [PMID: 36307404 PMCID: PMC9616926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection can occur when two plasmas, having anti-parallel components of the magnetic field, encounter each other. In the reconnection plane, the anti-parallel component of the field is annihilated and its energy released in the plasma. Here, we investigate through laboratory experiments the reconnection between two flux tubes that are not strictly anti-parallel. Compression of the anti-parallel component of the magnetic field is observed, as well as a decrease of the reconnection efficiency. Concomitantly, we observe delayed plasma heating and enhanced particle acceleration. Three-dimensional hybrid simulations support these observations and highlight the plasma heating inhibition and reconnection efficiency reduction for these obliquely oriented flux tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bolaños
- LULI - CNRS, CEA, UPMC Univ Paris 06 : Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128, Paris, Palaiseau cedex, France
- LPP, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Andrey Sladkov
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Roch Smets
- LPP, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sophia N Chen
- ELI-NP, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
| | | | - Evgeny Filippov
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, RAS, 125412, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jose-Luis Henares
- Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS-IN2P3, Route du Solarium, F-33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Viorel Nastasa
- ELI-NP, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Sergey Pikuz
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409, Moscow, Russia
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, RAS, 125412, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria Safronova
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexandre Severin
- LULI - CNRS, CEA, UPMC Univ Paris 06 : Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128, Paris, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Mikhail Starodubtsev
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Julien Fuchs
- LULI - CNRS, CEA, UPMC Univ Paris 06 : Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128, Paris, Palaiseau cedex, France.
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4
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Gong Z, Hatsagortsyan KZ, Keitel CH. Retrieving Transient Magnetic Fields of Ultrarelativistic Laser Plasma via Ejected Electron Polarization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:165002. [PMID: 34723572 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.165002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of an ultrastrong short laser pulse with nonprepolarized near-critical density plasma is investigated in an ultrarelativistic regime, with an emphasis on the radiative spin polarization of ejected electrons. Our particle-in-cell simulations show explicit correlations between the angle resolved electron polarization and the structure and properties of the transient quasistatic plasma magnetic field. While the magnitude of the spin signal is the indicator of the magnetic field strength created by the longitudinal electron current, the asymmetry of electron polarization is found to gauge the islandlike magnetic distribution which emerges due to the transverse current induced by the laser wave front. Our studies demonstrate that the spin degree of freedom of ejected electrons could potentially serve as an efficient tool to retrieve the features of strong plasma fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Campbell PT, Walsh CA, Russell BK, Chittenden JP, Crilly A, Fiksel G, Nilson PM, Thomas AGR, Krushelnick K, Willingale L. Magnetic Signatures of Radiation-Driven Double Ablation Fronts. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:145001. [PMID: 33064539 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.145001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In experiments performed with the OMEGA EP laser system, magnetic field generation in double ablation fronts was observed. Proton radiography measured the strength, spatial profile, and temporal dynamics of self-generated magnetic fields as the target material was varied between plastic, aluminum, copper, and gold. Two distinct regions of magnetic field are generated in mid-Z targets-one produced by gradients from electron thermal transport and the second from radiation-driven gradients. Extended magnetohydrodynamic simulations including radiation transport reproduced key aspects of the experiment, including field generation and double ablation front formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Campbell
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - C A Walsh
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - B K Russell
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J P Chittenden
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Crilly
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Fiksel
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A G R Thomas
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - K Krushelnick
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - L Willingale
- Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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6
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Lu Y, Li H, Flippo KA, Kelso K, Liao A, Li S, Liang E. MPRAD: A Monte Carlo and ray-tracing code for the proton radiography in high-energy-density plasma experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:123503. [PMID: 31893788 DOI: 10.1063/1.5123392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proton radiography is used in various high-energy-density (HED) plasma experiments. In this paper, we describe a Monte Carlo and ray-tracing simulation tool called multimegaelectronvolt proton radiography (MPRAD) that can be used for modeling the deflection of proton beams in arbitrary three dimensional electromagnetic fields as well as the diffusion of the proton beams by Coulomb scattering and stopping power. The Coulomb scattering and stopping power models in cold matter and fully ionized plasma are combined using interpolation. We discuss the application of MPRAD in a few setups relevant to HED plasma experiments where the plasma density can play a role in diffusing the proton beams and affecting the prediction and interpretation of the proton images. It is shown how the diffusion due to plasma density can affect the resolution and dynamical range of the proton radiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Lu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Kirk A Flippo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Kwyntero Kelso
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Andy Liao
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Shengtai Li
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Edison Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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7
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Khiar B, Revet G, Ciardi A, Burdonov K, Filippov E, Béard J, Cerchez M, Chen SN, Gangolf T, Makarov SS, Ouillé M, Safronova M, Skobelev IY, Soloviev A, Starodubtsev M, Willi O, Pikuz S, Fuchs J. Laser-Produced Magnetic-Rayleigh-Taylor Unstable Plasma Slabs in a 20 T Magnetic Field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:205001. [PMID: 31809120 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnetized laser-produced plasmas are central to many novel laboratory astrophysics and inertial confinement fusion studies, as well as in industrial applications. Here we provide the first complete description of the three-dimensional dynamics of a laser-driven plasma plume expanding in a 20 T transverse magnetic field. The plasma is collimated by the magnetic field into a slender, rapidly elongating slab, whose plasma-vacuum interface is unstable to the growth of the "classical," fluidlike magnetized Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Khiar
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, LERMA, CNRS UMR 8112, F-75005 Paris, France
- Flash Center for Computational Science, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - G Revet
- LULI - CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris - F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A Ciardi
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, LERMA, CNRS UMR 8112, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - K Burdonov
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, LERMA, CNRS UMR 8112, F-75005 Paris, France
- LULI - CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris - F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E Filippov
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, RAS, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - J Béard
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - M Cerchez
- Institute for Laser and Plasma Physics, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S N Chen
- ELI-NP, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - T Gangolf
- LULI - CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris - F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Institute for Laser and Plasma Physics, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S S Makarov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, RAS, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Ouillé
- LULI - CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris - F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - M Safronova
- LULI - CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris - F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - I Yu Skobelev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, RAS, 125412 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Soloviev
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - M Starodubtsev
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - O Willi
- Institute for Laser and Plasma Physics, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, RAS, 125412 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI - CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris - F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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8
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Masson-Laborde PE, Laffite S, Li CK, Wilks SC, Riquier R, Petrasso RD, Kluth G, Tassin V. Interpretation of proton radiography experiments of hohlraums with three-dimensional simulations. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:053207. [PMID: 31212418 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.053207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Proton radiography experiments of laser-irradiated hohlraums performed at the OMEGA laser facility are analyzed using three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic simulations coupled to a proton trajectography package. Experiments with three different laser irradiation patterns were performed, and each produced a distinct proton image. By comparing these results with synthetic proton images obtained by sending protons through plasma profiles in the hohlraum obtained from 3D radiation hydrodynamic simulations, it is found that the simulated images agree favorably with the experimental images when electric fields, due to the electron pressure gradients that arise from 3D structures occurring during plasma expansion, are included. These comparisons provide quantitative estimates of the electric field present inside the hohlraums.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Laffite
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - C K Li
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S C Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Riquier
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - R D Petrasso
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Kluth
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - V Tassin
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
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9
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Liu C, Fox W, Bhattacharjee A, Thomas AGR, Joglekar AS. Momentum transport and nonlocality in heat-flux-driven magnetic reconnection in high-energy-density plasmas. Phys Rev E 2018; 96:043203. [PMID: 29347495 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.043203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent theory has demonstrated a novel physics regime for magnetic reconnection in high-energy-density plasmas where the magnetic field is advected by heat flux via the Nernst effect. Here we elucidate the physics of the electron dissipation layer in this regime. Through fully kinetic simulation and a generalized Ohm's law derived from first principles, we show that momentum transport due to a nonlocal effect, the heat-flux-viscosity, provides the dissipation mechanism for magnetic reconnection. Scaling analysis, and simulations show that the reconnection process comprises a magnetic field compression stage and quasisteady reconnection stage, and the characteristic width of the current sheet in this regime is several electron mean-free paths. These results show the important interplay between nonlocal transport effects and generation of anisotropic components to the distribution function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - William Fox
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Amitava Bhattacharjee
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.,Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Alexander G R Thomas
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom.,Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Archis S Joglekar
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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10
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Joglekar AS, Ridgers CP, Kingham RJ, Thomas AGR. Kinetic modeling of Nernst effect in magnetized hohlraums. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:043206. [PMID: 27176417 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.043206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present nanosecond time-scale Vlasov-Fokker-Planck-Maxwell modeling of magnetized plasma transport and dynamics in a hohlraum with an applied external magnetic field, under conditions similar to recent experiments. Self-consistent modeling of the kinetic electron momentum equation allows for a complete treatment of the heat flow equation and Ohm's law, including Nernst advection of magnetic fields. In addition to showing the prevalence of nonlocal behavior, we demonstrate that effects such as anomalous heat flow are induced by inverse bremsstrahlung heating. We show magnetic field amplification up to a factor of 3 from Nernst compression into the hohlraum wall. The magnetic field is also expelled towards the hohlraum axis due to Nernst advection faster than frozen-in flux would suggest. Nonlocality contributes to the heat flow towards the hohlraum axis and results in an augmented Nernst advection mechanism that is included self-consistently through kinetic modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Joglekar
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - C P Ridgers
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - R J Kingham
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - A G R Thomas
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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11
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Fu ZG, Wang Z, Li DF, Kang W, Zhang P. Generalized Lenard-Balescu calculations of electron-ion temperature relaxation in beryllium plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:033103. [PMID: 26465571 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.033103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The problem of electron-ion temperature relaxation in beryllium plasma at various densities (0.185-18.5g/cm^{3}) and temperatures [(1.0-8)×10^{3} eV] is investigated by using the generalized Lenard-Balescu theory. We consider the correlation effects between electrons and ions via classical and quantum static local field corrections. The numerical results show that the electron-ion pair distribution function at the origin approaches the maximum when the electron-electron coupling parameter equals unity. The classical result of the Coulomb logarithm is in agreement with the quantum result in both the weak (Γ_{ee}<10^{-2}) and strong (Γ_{ee}>1) electron-electron coupling ranges, whereas it deviates from the quantum result at intermediate values of the coupling parameter (10^{-2}<Γ_{ee}<1). We find that with increasing density of Be, the Coulomb logarithm will decrease and the corresponding relaxation rate ν_{ie} will increase. In addition, a simple fitting law ν_{ie}/ν_{ie}^{(0)}=a(ρ_{Be}/ρ_{0})^{b} is determined, where ν_{ie}^{(0)} is the relaxation rate corresponding to the normal metal density of Be and ρ_{0}, a, and b are the fitting parameters related to the temperature and the degree of ionization 〈Z〉 of the system. Our results are expected to be useful for future inertial confinement fusion experiments involving Be plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Guo Fu
- Research Center for Fusion Energy Science and Technology, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Fang Li
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Kang
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Research Center for Fusion Energy Science and Technology, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Gao L, Nilson PM, Igumenshchev IV, Haines MG, Froula DH, Betti R, Meyerhofer DD. Precision mapping of laser-driven magnetic fields and their evolution in high-energy-density plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:215003. [PMID: 26066442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.215003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic fields generated at the surface of a laser-irradiated planar solid target are mapped using ultrafast proton radiography. Thick (50 μm) plastic foils are irradiated with 4-kJ, 2.5-ns laser pulses focused to an intensity of 4×10^{14} W/cm^{2}. The data show magnetic fields concentrated at the edge of the laser-focal region, well within the expanding coronal plasma. The magnetic-field spatial distribution is tracked and shows good agreement with 2D resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the code draco when the Biermann battery source, fluid and Nernst advection, resistive magnetic diffusion, and Righi-Leduc heat flow are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gao
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Fusion Science Center for Extreme States of Matter, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I V Igumenshchev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M G Haines
- Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Fusion Science Center for Extreme States of Matter, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D D Meyerhofer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Fusion Science Center for Extreme States of Matter, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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