Ballistic protons in incoherent exclusive vector meson production as a measure of rare parton fluctuations at an electron-ion collider

Review of proton and nuclear shape fluctuations at high energy

Determining the inner structure of protons and nuclei in terms of their fundamental constituents has been one of the main tasks of high energy nuclear and particle physics experiments. This quest started as a mapping of the (average) parton densities as a function of longitudinal momentum fraction and resolution scale. Recently, the field has progressed to more differential imaging, where one important development is the description of the event-by-event quantum fluctuations in the wave function of the colliding hadron. In this review, recent developments on the extraction of proton and nuclear transverse geometry with event-by-event fluctuations from collider experiments at high energy is presented. The importance of this fundamentally interesting physics in other collider experiments like in studies of the properties of the quark gluon plasma is also illustrated.

Photoproduction of Upsilon states in ultraperipheral collisions at the LHC

The exclusive photoproduction of upsilon states is investigated in the context of ultra-peripheral collisions at the LHC energies. Predictions are presented for their production in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at the energies available at the LHC run 2. The theoretical framework considered in the analysis is the light-cone color dipole formalism, which includes consistently parton saturation effects and nuclear shadowing corrections. For PbPb collisions we consider both the coherent and incoherent contributions.

Evidence of Strong Proton Shape Fluctuations from Incoherent Diffraction

We show within the saturation framework that measurements of exclusive vector meson production at high energy provide evidence for strong geometric fluctuations of the proton. In comparison, the effect of saturation scale and color charge fluctuations is weak. This knowledge will allow detailed future measurements of the incoherent cross section to tightly constrain the fluctuating geometry of the proton as a function of the parton momentum fraction x.

Hydrogen atom in a quantum plasma environment under the influence of Aharonov-Bohm flux and electric and magnetic fields

This study presents the confinement influences of Aharonov-Bohm (AB) flux and electric and magnetic fields directed along the z axis and encircled by quantum plasmas on the hydrogen atom. The all-inclusive effects result in a strongly attractive system while the localizations of quantum levels change and the eigenvalues decrease. We find that the combined effect of the fields is stronger than a solitary effect and consequently there is a substantial shift in the bound state energy of the system. We also find that to perpetuate a low-energy medium for the hydrogen atom in quantum plasmas, a strong electric field and weak magnetic field are required, whereas the AB flux field can be used as a regulator. The application of the perturbation technique utilized in this paper is not restricted to plasma physics; it can also be applied in molecular physics.