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Meskine O, Descamps E, Keller A, Lemaître A, Baboux F, Ducci S, Milman P. Approaching Maximal Precision of Hong-Ou-Mandel Interferometry with Nonperfect Visibility. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:193603. [PMID: 38804918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.193603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In quantum mechanics, the precision achieved in parameter estimation using a quantum state as a probe is determined by the measurement strategy employed. The quantum limit of precision is bounded by a value set by the state and its dynamics. Theoretical results have revealed that in interference measurements with two possible outcomes, this limit can be reached under ideal conditions of perfect visibility and zero losses. However, in practice, these conditions cannot be achieved, so precision never reaches the quantum limit. But how do experimental setups approach precision limits under realistic circumstances? In this Letter, we provide a model for precision limits in two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry using coincidence statistics for nonperfect visibility and temporally unresolved measurements. We show that the scaling of precision with visibility depends on the effective area in time-frequency phase space occupied by the state used as a probe, and we find that an optimal scaling exists. We demonstrate our results experimentally for different states in a setup where the visibility can be controlled and reaches up to 99.5%. In the optimal scenario, a ratio of 0.97 is observed between the experimental precision and the quantum limit, establishing a new benchmark in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Meskine
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
| | - E Descamps
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
- Département de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - PSL, 45 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - A Keller
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
- Department de Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Univ. Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Baboux
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Ducci
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
| | - P Milman
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
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Kurzyna S, Jastrzębski M, Fabre N, Wasilewski W, Lipka M, Parniak M. Variable electro-optic shearing interferometry for ultrafast single-photon-level pulse characterization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:39826-39839. [PMID: 36298925 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the multitude of available methods, the characterization of ultrafast pulses remains a challenging endeavor, especially at the single-photon level. We introduce a pulse characterization scheme that maps the magnitude of its short-time Fourier transform. Contrary to many well-known solutions it does not require nonlinear effects and is therefore suitable for single-photon-level measurements. Our method is based on introducing a series of controlled time and frequency shifts, where the latter is performed via an electro-optic modulator allowing a fully-electronic experimental control. We characterized the full spectral and temporal width of a classical and single-photon-level pulse and successfully tested the applicability of the reconstruction algorithm of the spectral phase and amplitude. The method can be extended by implementing a phase-sensitive measurement and is naturally well-suited to partially-incoherent light.
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Thekkadath GS, Bell BA, Patel RB, Kim MS, Walmsley IA. Measuring the Joint Spectral Mode of Photon Pairs Using Intensity Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:023601. [PMID: 35089759 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.023601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate and measure the time-frequency structure of quantum light is useful for information processing and metrology. Measuring this structure is also important when developing quantum light sources with high modal purity that can interfere with other independent sources. Here, we present and experimentally demonstrate a scheme based on intensity interferometry to measure the joint spectral mode of photon pairs produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We observe correlations in the spectral phase of the photons due to chirp in the pump. We show that our scheme can be combined with stimulated emission tomography to quickly measure their mode using bright classical light. Our scheme does not require phase stability, nonlinearities, or spectral shaping and thus is an experimentally simple way of measuring the modal structure of quantum light.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Thekkadath
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - B A Bell
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - R B Patel
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M S Kim
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - I A Walmsley
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Chen C, Shapiro JH, Wong FNC. Experimental Demonstration of Conjugate-Franson Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:093603. [PMID: 34506171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Franson interferometry is a well-known quantum measurement technique for probing photon-pair frequency correlations that is often used to certify time-energy entanglement. We demonstrate, for the first time, the complementary technique in the time basis called conjugate-Franson interferometry. It measures photon-pair arrival-time correlations, thus providing a valuable addition to the quantum toolbox. We obtain a conjugate-Franson interference visibility of 96±1% without background subtraction for entangled photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Our measured result surpasses the quantum-classical threshold by 25 standard deviations and validates the conjugate-Franson interferometer (CFI) as an alternative method for certifying time-energy entanglement. Moreover, the CFI visibility is a function of the biphoton's joint temporal intensity, and is therefore sensitive to that state's spectral phase variation: something that is not the case for Franson interferometry or Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry. We highlight the CFI's utility by measuring its visibilities for two different biphoton states: one without and the other with spectral phase variation, observing a 21% reduction in the CFI visibility for the latter. The CFI is potentially useful for applications in areas of photonic entanglement, quantum communications, and quantum networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchen Chen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Shapiro
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Franco N C Wong
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Sbroscia M, Gianani I, Roccia E, Cimini V, Mancino L, Aloe P, Barbieri M. Assessing frequency correlation through a distinguishability measurement. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4045-4048. [PMID: 30106948 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The simplicity of a question, such as wondering whether or not correlations characterize a certain system, collides with the experimental difficulty of accessing such information. Here we present a low-demanding experimental approach that refers to the use of a metrology scheme to obtain a conservative estimate of the strength of frequency correlations. Our test bed is the widespread case of a photon pair produced per downconversion. The theoretical architecture used to put the correlation degree on a quantitative ground is also described.
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Jin RB, Shiina R, Shimizu R. Quantum manipulation of biphoton spectral distributions in a 2D frequency space toward arbitrary shaping of a biphoton wave packet. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:21153-21158. [PMID: 30119419 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.021153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbitrary shaping of optical waveform is fundamental interest from basic science to advanced optical technologies. However, it is still challenging task for shaping a biphoton wave packet. Here we experimentally manipulate the spectrum and phase of a biphoton wave packet in a two-dimensional frequency space. The spectrum is shaped by adjusting the temperature of the crystal, and the phase is controlled by tilting the dispersive glass plate. The manipulating effects are confirmed by measuring the two-photon spectral intensity (TSI) and the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference patterns. The technique in this work paves the way for arbitrary shaping of a multi-photon wave packet in a quantum manner.
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Li T, Sakurai S, Kasai K, Wang L, Watanabe M, Zhang Y. Experimental observation of three-photon interference between a two-photon state and a weak coherent state on a beam splitter. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:20442-20449. [PMID: 30119354 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrated a three-photon interference on a beam splitter between a weak coherent state and a two-photon state produced by a spontaneous parametric down conversion. It indicates that a combined three-photon probability amplitude, which is formed by the two-photon state and one-photon from the coherent state, can be used to interfere with another three-photon probability amplitude from the coherent state. The observed three-photon coincidence rate showed that the interference depended on not only the relative phase between the two interference field but also the amplitude of the weak coherent state. This may introduce another free parameter for preparing quantum state, such as high N00N state, with quantum interference.
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What Hong-Ou-Mandel interference says on two-photon frequency entanglement. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7247. [PMID: 28775259 PMCID: PMC5543181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Not much, in the end. Here we put forward some considerations on how Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry provides signatures of frequency entanglement in the two-photon state produced by parametric down-conversion. We find that some quantitative information can be inferred in the limit of long-pulse pumping, while the short-pulse limit remains elusive.
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Xue Y, Li T, Kasai K, Okada-Shudo Y, Watanabe M, Zhang Y. Controlling quantum interference in phase space with amplitude. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2291. [PMID: 28536457 PMCID: PMC5442127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We experimentally show a quantum interference in phase space by interrogating photon number probabilities (n = 2, 3, and 4) of a displaced squeezed state, which is generated by an optical parametric amplifier and whose displacement is controlled by amplitude of injected coherent light. It is found that the probabilities exhibit oscillations of interference effect depending upon the amplitude of the controlling light field. This phenomenon is attributed to quantum interference in phase space and indicates the capability of controlling quantum interference using amplitude. This remarkably contrasts with the oscillations of interference effects being usually controlled by relative phase in classical optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Xue
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- College of Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Katsuyuki Kasai
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2, Iwaoka, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Okada-Shudo
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan.
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