1
|
Kim J, Kim J, Kim M, Kwak R. Electroconvective viscous fingering in a single polyelectrolyte fluid on a charge selective surface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7455. [PMID: 37978170 PMCID: PMC10656491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
When a low-viscosity fluid displaces into a higher-viscosity fluid, the liquid-liquid interface becomes unstable causing finger-like patterns. This viscous fingering instability has been widely observed in nature and engineering systems with two adjoined fluids. Here, we demonstrate a hitherto-unrealizable viscous fingering in a single fluid-solid interface. In a single polyelectrolyte fluid on a charge selective surface, selective ion rejection through the surface initiates i) stepwise ion concentration and viscosity gradient boundaries in the fluid and ii) electroconvective vortices on the surface. As the vortices grow, the viscosity gradient boundary pushes away from the surface, resulting viscous fingering. Comparable to conventional one with two fluids, i) a viscosity ratio ([Formula: see text]) governs the onset of this electroconvective viscous fingering, and ii) the boundary properties (finger velocity and rheological effects) - represented by [Formula: see text], electric Rayleigh ([Formula: see text]), Schmidt ([Formula: see text]), and Deborah ([Formula: see text]) numbers - determine finger shapes (straight v.s. ramified, the onset length of fingering, and relative finger width). With controllable onset and shape, the mechanism of electroconvective viscous fingering offers new possibilities for manipulating ion transport and dendritic instability in electrochemical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyeon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Rhokyun Kwak
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stockmeier F, Stüwe L, Kneppeck C, Musholt S, Albert K, Linkhorst J, Wessling M. On the interaction of electroconvection at a membrane interface with the bulk flow in a spacer-filled feed channel. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
|
3
|
Sharma A, Mukherjee A, Warren A, Jin S, Li G, Koch DL, Archer LA. Electroconvective Flow in Liquid Electrolytes Containing Oligomer Additives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:92-100. [PMID: 36549330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal electrodeposition in batteries is fundamentally unstable and affected by different instabilities depending on operating conditions and electrolyte chemistry. Particularly, at high charging rates, a hydrodynamic instability loosely termed electroconvection sets in, which complicates all electrochemical processes by creating a nonuniform ion flux and preferential deposition at the electrode. Here, we isolate and study electroconvection by experimentally investigating how oligomer additives in liquid electrolytes interact with the hydrodynamic instability at a cation selective interface. From electrochemical measurements and direct visualization experiments, we find that electroconvection is delayed and suppressed at all voltages in the presence of oligomers. The underlying mechanism is revealed to involve formation of an oligomer ad-layer at the interface, which in response to perturbation is believed to exert an opposing body force on the surrounding fluid to preserve the ad-layer structure and in so doing suppresses electroconvection. Our results therefore reveal that in battery electrolytes without obvious sources of bulk elasticity, surface forces produced by adsorbed polymers can be used to advantage for suppressing instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Sharma
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Ankush Mukherjee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Alexander Warren
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Shuo Jin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Gaojin Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Donald L Koch
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Lynden A Archer
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Y, Duan L, Liu X, Song Y. Forward Osmosis Technology and Its Application on Microbial Fuel Cells: A Review. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1254. [PMID: 36557161 PMCID: PMC9788529 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a new membrane technology, forward osmosis (FO) has aroused more and more interest in the field of wastewater treatment and recovery in recent years. Due to the driving force of osmotic pressure rather than hydraulic pressure, FO is considered as a low pollution process, thus saving costs and energy. In addition, due to the high rejection rate of FO membrane to various pollutants, it can obtain higher quality pure water. Recovering valuable resources from wastewater will transform wastewater management from a treatment focused to sustainability focused strategy, creating the need for new technology development. An innovative treatment concept which is based on cooperation between bioelectrochemical systems and forward osmosis has been introduced and studied in the past few years. Bioelectrochemical systems can provide draw solute, perform pre-treatment, or reduce reverse salt flux to help with FO operation; while FO can achieve water recovery, enhance current generation, and supply energy sources for the operation of bioelectrochemical systems. This paper reviews the past research, describes the principle, development history, as well as quantitative analysis, and discusses the prospects of OsMFC technology, focusing on the recovery of resources from wastewater, especially the research progress and existing problems of forward osmosis technology and microbial fuel cell coupling technology. Moreover, the future development trends of this technology were prospected, so as to promote the application of forward osmosis technology in sewage treatment and resource synchronous recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Liang Duan
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yonghui Song
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rybalkina O, Solonchenko K, Chuprynina D, Pismenskaya N, Nikonenko V. Effect of Pulsed Electric Field on the Electrodialysis Performance of Phosphate-Containing Solutions. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1107. [PMID: 36363662 PMCID: PMC9693851 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A comparative analysis of mass transfer characteristics and energy consumption was carried out for the electrodialysis recovery of PV from of NaH2PO4 solutions and multicomponent (0.045 M NaxH(3-x)PO4, 0.02 M KCl, 0.045 M KOH, 0.028 M CaCl2, and 0.012 M MgCl2, pH 6.0 ± 0.1) solution in conventional continuous current (CC) and pulsed electric field (PEF) modes. The advantages of using PEF in comparison with CC mode are shown to increase the current efficiency and reduce energy consumption, as well as reduce scaling on heterogeneous anion-exchange membranes. It has been shown that PEF contributes to the suppression of the "acid dissociation" phenomenon, which is specific for anion-exchange membranes in phosphate-containing solutions. Pulse and pause lapse 0.1 s-0.1 s and duty cycle 1/2 were found to be optimal among the studied PEF parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Rybalkina
- Physical Chemistry Department, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Ksenia Solonchenko
- Physical Chemistry Department, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Daria Chuprynina
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Natalia Pismenskaya
- Physical Chemistry Department, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Victor Nikonenko
- Physical Chemistry Department, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Measurement of Electrokinetically induced hydrodynamics at Ion-selective interfaces using 3D Micro particle tracking velocimetry (µPTV). MethodsX 2022; 9:101814. [PMID: 36046738 PMCID: PMC9421390 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrokinetic flow phenomena are ubiquitous in electrical systems for desalination, chemical conversion, or mixing at a micro-scale. However, the important features of resulting 3D flow fields are only accessible through cost-intensive numerical simulations. Experimental 2D recording of the chaotic three-dimensional velocity fields developing for example at currents exceeding the limiting current density does not capture the complex 3D structures present in such flow fields. Additionally, numerical 3D studies are limited to dimensions three orders of magnitude smaller as found in real applications and only short run times due to the enormous computational effort. To apply the theoretical knowledge in real-world systems and create the possibility for detailed parameter studies, we present the first experimental method for recording and quantifying the time-resolved velocity field in an electrochemical microfluidic cell in 3D with dimensions found in industrial applications. We utilize this method in a co-submitted paper to record the 3D velocity field of electroconvection at a cation-exchange membrane.Cell design suitable for simultaneous electrochemical experiments with optical 3D velocity quantification Method optimized for velocity reconstruction of membrane-to-membrane distances found in industrial cells Highly adaptable cell design, for optical characterization of electrochemical systems
Collapse
|
7
|
The effect of buoyancy driven convection on the growth and dissolution of bubbles on electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
8
|
Stockmeier F, Schatz M, Habermann M, Linkhorst J, Mani A, Wessling M. Direct 3D observation and unraveling of electroconvection phenomena during concentration polarization at ion-exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
9
|
Lee H, Sohn S, Alizadeh S, Kwon S, Kim TJ, Park SM, Soh HT, Mani A, Kim SJ. Overlimiting Current in Nonuniform Arrays of Microchannels: Recirculating Flow and Anticrystallization. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5438-5446. [PMID: 33784095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Overlimiting current (OLC) through electrolytes interfaced with perm-selective membranes has been extensively researched for understanding fundamental nano-electrokinetics and developing efficient engineering applications. This work studies how a network of microchannels in a nonuniform array, which mimics a natural pore configuration, can contribute to OLC. Here, micro/nanofluidic devices are fabricated with arrays of parallel microchannels with nonuniform size distributions, which are faced with a perm-selective membrane. All cases maintain the same surface and bulk conduction to allow probing of the sensitivity only by the nonuniformity. Rigorous experimental and theoretical investigation demonstrates that overlimiting conductance has a maximum value depending on the nonuniformity. Furthermore, in operando visualization reveals that the nonuniform arrays induce flow loops across the microchannel network enhancing advective transport. This recirculating flow eliminates local salt accumulations so that it can effectively suppress undesirable salt crystallization. Therefore, these results can significantly advance not only the fundamental understanding of the driving mechanism of the OLC but also the design rule of electrochemical membrane applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyekyung Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyun Sohn
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Shima Alizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Soonhyun Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Seung-Min Park
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hyongsok Tom Soh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ali Mani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Nano System Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Warren A, Sharma A, Zhang D, Li G, Archer LA. Structure and Dynamics of Electric-Field-Driven Convective Flows at the Interface between Liquid Electrolytes and Ion-Selective Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5895-5901. [PMID: 33961746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At voltages above a certain critical value, Vc ≈ 20 kT/e, a space charge layer forms near ion-selective interfaces in liquid electrolytes. Interactions between the space charge and an imposed electric field drives a hydrodynamic instability known as electroconvection. Through particle tracking velocimetry we experimentally study the structure and dynamics of the resultant electroconvective flow. Consistent with previous numerical simulations, we report that, following imposition of a sufficiently large voltage, electroconvection develops gradually as pairs of counter-rotating vortices, which nucleate at the interface between an ion-selective substrate and a liquid electrolyte. Depending on the imposed voltage and cell geometry, the vorticies grow to length scales of hundreds of micrometers. Electroconvective flows are also reported to be structured and multiscale, with the size ratio of the largest to the smallest observable vortices inversely proportional to the Debye screening length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Warren
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Arpita Sharma
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Duhan Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Gaojin Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lynden A Archer
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu W, Zhou Y, Shi P. Scaling laws of electroconvective flow with finite vortex height near permselective membranes. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:033102. [PMID: 33075936 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.033102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In a steady state, the linear scaling laws are confirmed between the intensity characteristics of electroconvective (EC) vortex (including the vortex height and electroosmotic slip velocity) and the applied voltage for the nonshear EC flow with finite vortex height near permselective membranes. This finding in the nonshear EC flow is different from the shear EC flow [Kwak et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 114501 (2013)10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.114501] and indicates that the local concentration gradient has a significant improvement in the analysis of slip velocity. Further, our study reveals that the EC vortex is mainly driven by the second peak effect of the Coulomb thrust in the extended space-charge layer, and the linear scaling law exhibited by the Coulomb thrust is an essential reason for the linear scaling laws of vortex intensity. The scaling laws proposed in this paper are supported by our direct numerical simulation data and previous experimental observations [Rubinstein et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 236101 (2008)10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.236101].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueting Zhou
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Shi
- School of Civil Engineering & Institute of Mechanics and Technology, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of NDT and Structural Integrity Evaluation, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gil V, Porozhnyy M, Rybalkina O, Butylskii D, Pismenskaya N. The Development of Electroconvection at the Surface of a Heterogeneous Cation-Exchange Membrane Modified with Perfluorosulfonic Acid Polymer Film Containing Titanium Oxide. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10060125. [PMID: 32560542 PMCID: PMC7344879 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10060125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One way to enhance mass transfer and reduce fouling in wastewater electrodialysis is stimulation of electroconvective mixing of the solution adjoining membranes by modifying their surfaces. Several samples were prepared by casting the perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer film doped with TiO2 nanoparticles onto the surface of the heterogeneous cation-exchange membrane MK-40. It is found that changes in surface characteristics conditioned by such modification lead to an increase in the limiting current density due to the stimulation of electroconvection, which develops according to the mechanism of electroosmosis of the first kind. The greatest increase in the current compared to the pristine membrane can be obtained by modification with the film being 20 μm thick and containing 3 wt% of TiO2. The sample containing 6 wt% of TiO2 provides higher mass transfer in overlimiting current modes due to the development of nonequilibrium electroconvection. A 1.5-fold increase in the thickness of the modifying film reduces the positive effect of introducing TiO2 nanoparticles due to (1) partial shielding of the nanoparticles on the surface of the modified membrane; (2) a decrease in the tangential component of the electric force, which affects the development of electroconvection.
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu W, Zhou Y, Shi P. Shear electroconvective instability in electrodialysis channel under extreme depletion and its scaling laws. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:043105. [PMID: 32422815 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.043105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The electroconvective instability (ECI) in an electrodialysis channel under a strong electric field is studied here. The phenomenon of ECI with extreme depletion (ECI-HD) is reported; that is, the overlapping vortices cause the extreme depletion zone to propagate in the horizontal direction. Using scaling theory and direct numerical simulation, we indicate a series of features under the ECI-HD. The decrease in ion transport rate with voltage in ECI-HD is different from the enhancement in the ECI with moderate depletion (ECI-MD), which results in a unique peak in the voltage-current curve. More importantly, we reveal that the ECI is regulated by a scaling factor consisting of the electric field, hydrodynamic coupling coefficient, and Péclet number. For the ECI-HD, the scaling factor has an opposite effect on the vortex size and overlimiting current as that on the ECI-MD. The extreme depletion zone of the ECI-HD also has an uncommon diffusion self-similar dynamics. These unique scaling laws allow one to establish the quantitative bridge between the ion concentration, electric field, and vortex size by the overlimiting current.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueting Zhou
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Shi
- School of Civil Engineering & Institute of Mechanics and Technology, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China and State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of NDT and Structural Integrity Evaluation, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang D, Warren AJ, Li G, Cheng Z, Han X, Zhao Q, Liu X, Deng Y, Archer LA. Electrodeposition of Zinc in Aqueous Electrolytes Containing High Molecular Weight Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duhan Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander J. Warren
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Gaojin Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhu Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiaoxing Han
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiaotun Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yue Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng J, Kim MS, Tu Z, Choudhury S, Tang T, Archer LA. Regulating electrodeposition morphology of lithium: towards commercially relevant secondary Li metal batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2701-2750. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00883g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rational approaches for achieving fine control of the electrodeposition morphology of Li are required to create commercially-relevant rechargeable Li metal batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxu Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Mun Sek Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | | | | | - Tian Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Electrokinetic ion transport at micro–nanochannel interfaces: applications for desalination and micromixing. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
17
|
Warren A, Zhang D, Choudhury S, Archer LA. Electrokinetics in Viscoelastic Liquid Electrolytes above the Diffusion Limit. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Wei S, Cheng Z, Nath P, Tikekar MD, Li G, Archer LA. Stabilizing electrochemical interfaces in viscoelastic liquid electrolytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao6243. [PMID: 29582017 PMCID: PMC5866059 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao6243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Electrodeposition is a widely practiced method for creating metal, colloidal, and polymer coatings on conductive substrates. In the Newtonian liquid electrolytes typically used, the process is fundamentally unstable. The underlying instabilities have been linked to failure of microcircuits, dendrite formation on battery electrodes, and overlimiting conductance in ion-selective membranes. We report that viscoelastic electrolytes composed of semidilute solutions of very high-molecular weight neutral polymers suppress these instabilities by multiple mechanisms. The voltage window ΔV in which a liquid electrolyte can operate free of electroconvective instabilities is shown to be markedly extended in viscoelastic electrolytes and is a power-law function, ΔV : η1/4, of electrolyte viscosity, η. This power-law relation is replicated in the resistance to ion transport at liquid/solid interfaces. We discuss consequences of our observations and show that viscoelastic electrolytes enable stable electrodeposition of many metals, with the most profound effects observed for reactive metals, such as sodium and lithium. This finding is of contemporary interest for high-energy electrochemical energy storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Wei
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Zhu Cheng
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Pooja Nath
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mukul D. Tikekar
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gaojin Li
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
de Valença J, Jõgi M, Wagterveld RM, Karatay E, Wood JA, Lammertink RGH. Confined Electroconvective Vortices at Structured Ion Exchange Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2455-2463. [PMID: 29345950 PMCID: PMC5822219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate electroconvective ion transport at cation exchange membranes with different geometry square-wave structures (line undulations) experimentally and numerically. Electroconvective microvortices are induced by strong concentration polarization once a threshold potential difference is applied. The applied potential required to start and sustain electroconvection is strongly affected by the geometry of the membrane. A reduction in the resistance of approximately 50% can be obtained when the structure size is similar to the mixing layer (ML) thickness, resulting in confined vortices with less lateral motion compared to the case of flat membranes. From electrical, flow, and concentration measurements, ion migration, advection, and diffusion are quantified, respectively. Advection and migration are dominant in the vortex ML, whereas diffusion and migration are dominant in the stagnant diffusion layer. Numerical simulations, based on Poisson-Nernst-Planck and Navier-Stokes equations, show similar ion transport and flow characteristics, highlighting the importance of membrane topology on the resulting electrokinetic and electrohydrodynamic behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joeri de Valença
- Soft
Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces Group, MESA Institute
of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Wetsus, European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Morten Jõgi
- Wetsus, European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - R. Martijn Wagterveld
- Wetsus, European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Elif Karatay
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Wood
- Soft
Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces Group, MESA Institute
of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rob G. H. Lammertink
- Soft
Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces Group, MESA Institute
of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang KD, Ko WR, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Lee H, Lee MH, Nam KT. Morphology‐Directed Selective Production of Ethylene or Ethane from CO
2
on a Cu Mesopore Electrode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Dong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Woo Ri Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyung Hee University Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104 Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Big Data Institute Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute of Advanced Machines and Design Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyung Hee University Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104 Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang KD, Ko WR, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Lee H, Lee MH, Nam KT. Morphology-Directed Selective Production of Ethylene or Ethane from CO 2 on a Cu Mesopore Electrode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:796-800. [PMID: 28000371 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to value-added hydrocarbons is receiving significant attention as a promising way to close the broken carbon-cycle. While most metal catalysts produce C1 species, such as carbon monoxide and formate, the production of various hydrocarbons and alcohols comprising more than two carbons has been achieved using copper (Cu)-based catalysts only. Methods for producing specific C2 reduction outcomes with high selectivity, however, are not available thus far. Herein, the morphological effect of a Cu mesopore electrode on the selective production of C2 products, ethylene or ethane, is presented. Cu mesopore electrodes with precisely controlled pore widths and depths were prepared by using a thermal deposition process on anodized aluminum oxide. With this simple synthesis method, we demonstrated that C2 chemical selectivity can be tuned by systematically altering the morphology. Supported by computational simulations, we proved that nanomorphology can change the local pH and, additionally, retention time of key intermediates by confining the chemicals inside the pores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Dong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Woo Ri Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Big Data Institute, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|