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Lu XF, Zhang CP, Wang N, Zhao D, Zhou X, Gao W, Chen XH, Law KT, Loh KP. Nonlinear transport and radio frequency rectification in BiTeBr at room temperature. Nat Commun 2024; 15:245. [PMID: 38172558 PMCID: PMC10764878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Materials showing second-order nonlinear transport under time reversal symmetry can be used for Radio Frequency (RF) rectification, but practical application demands room temperature operation and sensitivity to microwatts level RF signals in the ambient. In this study, we demonstrate that BiTeBr exhibits a giant nonlinear response which persists up to 350 K. Through scaling and symmetry analysis, we show that skew scattering is the dominant mechanism. Additionally, the sign of the nonlinear response can be electrically switched by tuning the Fermi energy. Theoretical analysis suggests that the large Rashba spin-orbit interactions (SOI), which gives rise to the chirality of the Bloch electrons, provide the microscopic origin of the observed nonlinear response. Our BiTeBr rectifier is capable of rectifying radiation within the frequency range of 0.2 to 6 gigahertz at room temperature, even at extremely low power levels of -15 dBm, and without the need for external biasing. Our work highlights that materials exhibiting large Rashba SOI have the potential to exhibit nonlinear responses at room temperature, making them promising candidates for harvesting high-frequency and low-power ambient electromagnetic energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Fang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Ping Zhang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Naizhou Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Weibo Gao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xian Hui Chen
- Department of Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - K T Law
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Yang C, Zhou DK, Wang YR, Wang ZC. Transport Property and Spin-Orbit Torque in 2D Rashba Ferromagnetic Electron Gas. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155149. [PMID: 35897581 PMCID: PMC9331862 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the spin–orbit torque and transport property in a 2D Rashba ferromagnetic electron gas. The longitudinal conductivity can be divided into two parts: the first term is determined by the charge density and is independent of the spin degrees of freedom. The second term depends on the two bands that spin in the opposite directions, and it is directly proportional to spin–orbit torque regardless of the band structure and temperature. This is a general and underlying relation between the transport property and spin–orbit torque. Moreover, we show the impacts of the spin–orbit coupling constant and Fermi energy on transverse conductivity and spin–orbit torque, which is helpful for relevant experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (Z.-C.W.)
| | - Da-Kun Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100049, China; (D.-K.Z.); (Y.-R.W.)
| | - Ya-Ru Wang
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100049, China; (D.-K.Z.); (Y.-R.W.)
| | - Zheng-Chuan Wang
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100049, China; (D.-K.Z.); (Y.-R.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (Z.-C.W.)
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Another view on Gilbert damping in two-dimensional ferromagnets. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17148. [PMID: 30464318 PMCID: PMC6249205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A keen interest towards technological implications of spin-orbit driven magnetization dynamics requests a proper theoretical description, especially in the context of a microscopic framework, to be developed. Indeed, magnetization dynamics is so far approached within Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation which characterizes torques on magnetization on purely phenomenological grounds. Particularly, spin-orbit coupling does not respect spin conservation, leading thus to angular momentum transfer to lattice and damping as a result. This mechanism is accounted by the Gilbert damping torque which describes relaxation of the magnetization to equilibrium. In this study we work out a microscopic Kubo-Středa formula for the components of the Gilbert damping tensor and apply the elaborated formalism to a two-dimensional Rashba ferromagnet in the weak disorder limit. We show that an exact analytical expression corresponding to the Gilbert damping parameter manifests linear dependence on the scattering rate and retains the constant value up to room temperature when no vibrational degrees of freedom are present in the system. We argue that the methodology developed in this paper can be safely applied to bilayers made of non- and ferromagnetic metals, e.g., CoPt.
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König EJ, Levchenko A. Kerr Effect from Diffractive Skew Scattering in Chiral p_{x}±ip_{y} Superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:027001. [PMID: 28128615 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.027001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the temperature dependent anomalous ac Hall conductance σ_{H}(Ω,T) for a two-dimensional chiral p-wave superconductor. This quantity determines the polar Kerr effect, as it was observed in Sr_{2}RuO_{4} [J. Xia et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 167002 (2006)]. We concentrate on a single band model with an arbitrary isotropic dispersion relation subjected to rare, weak impurities treated in the Born approximation. As we explicitly show by detailed computation, previously omitted contributions to the extrinsic part of an anomalous Hall response, physically originating from diffractive skew scattering on quantum impurity complexes, appear to the leading order in the impurity concentration. By direct comparison with published results from the literature we demonstrate the relevance of our findings for the interpretation of the Kerr effect measurements in superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio J König
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Alex Levchenko
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Van Tuan D, Marmolejo-Tejada JM, Waintal X, Nikolić BK, Valenzuela SO, Roche S. Spin Hall Effect and Origins of Nonlocal Resistance in Adatom-Decorated Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:176602. [PMID: 27824472 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.176602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments reporting an unexpectedly large spin Hall effect (SHE) in graphene decorated with adatoms have raised a fierce controversy. We apply numerically exact Kubo and Landauer-Büttiker formulas to realistic models of gold-decorated disordered graphene (including adatom clustering) to obtain the spin Hall conductivity and spin Hall angle, as well as the nonlocal resistance as a quantity accessible to experiments. Large spin Hall angles of ∼0.1 are obtained at zero temperature, but their dependence on adatom clustering differs from the predictions of semiclassical transport theories. Furthermore, we find multiple background contributions to the nonlocal resistance, some of which are unrelated to the SHE or any other spin-dependent origin, as well as a strong suppression of the SHE at room temperature. This motivates us to design a multiterminal graphene geometry which suppresses these background contributions and could, therefore, quantify the upper limit for spin-current generation in two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Van Tuan
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J M Marmolejo-Tejada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716-2570, USA
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali AA 25360, Colombia
| | - X Waintal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-PHELIQS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B K Nikolić
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716-2570, USA
| | - S O Valenzuela
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Roche
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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