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Du L, Barral P, Cantara M, de Hond J, Lu YK, Ketterle W. Atomic physics on a 50-nm scale: Realization of a bilayer system of dipolar atoms. Science 2024; 384:546-551. [PMID: 38696550 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Controlling ultracold atoms with laser light has greatly advanced quantum science. The wavelength of light sets a typical length scale for most experiments to the order of 500 nanometers (nm) or greater. In this work, we implemented a super-resolution technique that localizes and arranges atoms on a sub-50-nm scale, without any fundamental limit in resolution. We demonstrate this technique by creating a bilayer of dysprosium atoms and observing dipolar interactions between two physically separated layers through interlayer sympathetic cooling and coupled collective excitations. At 50-nm distance, dipolar interactions are 1000 times stronger than at 500 nm. For two atoms in optical tweezers, this should enable purely magnetic dipolar gates with kilohertz speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pierre Barral
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael Cantara
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julius de Hond
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu-Kun Lu
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wolfgang Ketterle
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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2
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Chomaz L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Ferlaino F, Laburthe-Tolra B, Lev BL, Pfau T. Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 86:026401. [PMID: 36583342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aca814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the achievement of quantum degeneracy in gases of chromium atoms in 2004, the experimental investigation of ultracold gases made of highly magnetic atoms has blossomed. The field has yielded the observation of many unprecedented phenomena, in particular those in which long-range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) play a crucial role. In this review, we aim to present the aspects of the magnetic quantum-gas platform that make it unique for exploring ultracold and quantum physics as well as to give a thorough overview of experimental achievements. Highly magnetic atoms distinguish themselves by the fact that their electronic ground-state configuration possesses a large electronic total angular momentum. This results in a large magnetic moment and a rich electronic transition spectrum. Such transitions are useful for cooling, trapping, and manipulating these atoms. The complex atomic structure and large dipolar moments of these atoms also lead to a dense spectrum of resonances in their two-body scattering behaviour. These resonances can be used to control the interatomic interactions and, in particular, the relative importance of contact over dipolar interactions. These features provide exquisite control knobs for exploring the few- and many-body physics of dipolar quantum gases. The study of dipolar effects in magnetic quantum gases has covered various few-body phenomena that are based on elastic and inelastic anisotropic scattering. Various many-body effects have also been demonstrated. These affect both the shape, stability, dynamics, and excitations of fully polarised repulsive Bose or Fermi gases. Beyond the mean-field instability, strong dipolar interactions competing with slightly weaker contact interactions between magnetic bosons yield new quantum-stabilised states, among which are self-bound droplets, droplet assemblies, and supersolids. Dipolar interactions also deeply affect the physics of atomic gases with an internal degree of freedom as these interactions intrinsically couple spin and atomic motion. Finally, long-range dipolar interactions can stabilise strongly correlated excited states of 1D gases and also impact the physics of lattice-confined systems, both at the spin-polarised level (Hubbard models with off-site interactions) and at the spinful level (XYZ models). In the present manuscript, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the various related experimental achievements up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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3
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Grimshaw CL, Billam TP, Gardiner SA. Soliton Interferometry with Very Narrow Barriers Obtained from Spatially Dependent Dressed States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:040401. [PMID: 35938999 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bright solitons in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates are strong candidates for high precision matter-wave interferometry, as their inherent stability against dispersion supports long interrogation times. An analog to a beam splitter is then a narrow potential barrier. A very narrow barrier is desirable for interferometric purposes, but in a typical realization using a blue-detuned optical dipole potential, the width is limited by the laser wavelength. We investigate a soliton interferometry scheme using the geometric scalar potential experienced by atoms in a spatially dependent dark state to overcome this limit. We propose a possible implementation and numerically probe the effects of deviations from the ideal configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum L Grimshaw
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P Billam
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A Gardiner
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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4
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Fraxanet J, González-Cuadra D, Pfau T, Lewenstein M, Langen T, Barbiero L. Topological Quantum Critical Points in the Extended Bose-Hubbard Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:043402. [PMID: 35148131 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.043402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combination of topology and quantum criticality can give rise to an exotic mix of counterintuitive effects. Here, we show that unexpected topological properties take place in a paradigmatic strongly correlated Hamiltonian: the 1D extended Bose-Hubbard model. In particular, we reveal the presence of two distinct topological quantum critical points with localized edge states and gapless bulk excitations. Our results show that the topological critical points separate two phases, one topologically protected and the other topologically trivial, both characterized by a long-range ordered string correlation function. The long-range order persists also at the topological critical points and explains the presence of localized edge states protected by a finite charge gap. Finally, we introduce a superresolution quantum gas microscopy scheme for dipolar dysprosium atoms, which provides a reliable route towards the experimental study of topological quantum critical points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Fraxanet
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Cuadra
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tilman Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maciej Lewenstein
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, ES-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim Langen
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Luca Barbiero
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy
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5
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Qian ZH, Cui JM, Luo XW, Zheng YX, Huang YF, Ai MZ, He R, Li CF, Guo GC. Super-resolved Imaging of a Single Cold Atom on a Nanosecond Timescale. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:263603. [PMID: 35029497 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.263603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In cold atomic systems, fast and high-resolution microscopy of individual atoms is crucial, since it can provide direct information on the dynamics and correlations of the system. Here, we demonstrate nanosecond-scale two-dimensional stroboscopic pictures of a single trapped ion beyond the optical diffraction limit, by combining the main idea of ground-state depletion microscopy with quantum-state transition control in cold atoms. We achieve a spatial resolution up to 175 nm using a NA=0.1 objective in the experiment, which represents a more than tenfold improvement compared with direct fluorescence imaging. To show the potential of this method, we apply it to observe the secular motion of the trapped ion; we demonstrate a temporal resolution up to 50 ns with a displacement detection sensitivity of 10 nm. Our method provides a powerful tool for probing particle positions, momenta, and correlations, as well as their dynamics in cold atomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jin-Ming Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xi-Wang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yun-Feng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Ai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ran He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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6
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Pan JS, Liu WV, Liu XJ. Emergence of the Unconventional Type-II Nambu-Goldstone Modes with Topological Origin in Bose Superfluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:260402. [PMID: 33449715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.260402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes in a nonrelativistic system can be classified into two types from their characteristic features: being of either an odd (type I) or an even (type II) power energy-momentum dispersion. Conventionally, the type-II NG modes may universally arise from spontaneous breaking of noncommutative symmetry pairs. Here, we predict a novel type of quadratically dispersed NG modes that emerges in mixed s and p band Bose superfluids in an optical lattice and, unlike the conventional type-II NG modes, cannot be solely interpreted with the celebrated symmetry-based argument. Instead, we show that the existence of such modes has a profound connection to the topological transition on projective complex order-parameter space. The detection scheme is also proposed. Our Letter reveals a new universal mechanism for emergence of type-II NG modes, which bridges intrinsically the Landau symmetry-breaking and topological theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Song Pan
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy and T. D. Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - W Vincent Liu
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy and T. D. Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiong-Jun Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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7
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Chu Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Cai J. Quantum Sensing with a Single-Qubit Pseudo-Hermitian System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:020501. [PMID: 32004038 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum sensing exploits the fundamental features of a quantum system to achieve highly efficient measurement of physical quantities. Here, we propose a strategy to realize a single-qubit pseudo-Hermitian sensor from a dilated two-qubit Hermitian system. The pseudo-Hermitian sensor exhibits divergent susceptibility in a dynamical evolution that does not necessarily involve an exceptional point. We demonstrate its potential advantages to overcome noises that cannot be averaged out by repetitive measurements. The proposal is feasible with the state-of-art experimental capability in a variety of qubit systems, and represents a step towards the application of non-Hermitian physics in quantum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoming Chu
- School of Physics, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Physics, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haibin Liu
- School of Physics, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianming Cai
- School of Physics, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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8
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Bienias P, Subhankar S, Wang Y, Tsui TC, Jendrzejewski F, Tiecke T, Juzeliūnas G, Jiang L, Rolston SL, Porto JV, Gorshkov AV. Coherent optical nanotweezers for ultracold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2020; 102:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.013306. [PMID: 33344798 PMCID: PMC7745712 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.102.013306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There has been a recent surge of interest and progress in creating subwavelength free-space optical potentials for ultracold atoms. A key open question is whether geometric potentials, which are repulsive and ubiquitous in the creation of subwavelength free-space potentials, forbid the creation of narrow traps with long lifetimes. Here, we show that it is possible to create such traps. We propose two schemes for realizing subwavelength traps and demonstrate their superiority over existing proposals. We analyze the lifetime of atoms in such traps and show that long-lived bound states are possible. This work allows for subwavelength control and manipulation of ultracold matter, with applications in quantum chemistry and quantum simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S. Subhankar
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - T-C. Tsui
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F. Jendrzejewski
- Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Tiecke
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - G. Juzeliūnas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - L. Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S. L. Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J. V. Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A. V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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9
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Anderson RP, Trypogeorgos D, Valdés-Curiel A, Liang QY, Tao J, Zhao M, Andrijauskas T, Juzeliūnas G, Spielman IB. Realization of a deeply subwavelength adiabatic optical lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH 2020; 2:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013149. [PMID: 34796336 PMCID: PMC8596489 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose and describe our realization of a deeply subwavelength optical lattice for ultracold neutral atoms using N resonantly Raman-coupled internal degrees of freedom. Although counterpropagating lasers with wavelength λ provided two-photon Raman coupling, the resultant lattice period was λ/2N, an N-fold reduction as compared to the conventional λ/2 lattice period. We experimentally demonstrated this lattice built from the three F = 1 Zeeman states of a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate, and generated a lattice with a λ/6 = 132 nm period from λ = 790 nm lasers. Lastly, we show that adding an additional rf-coupling field converts this lattice into a superlattice with N wells uniformly spaced within the original λ/2 unit cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Anderson
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria 3552, Australia
| | - D. Trypogeorgos
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - A. Valdés-Curiel
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Q.-Y. Liang
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J. Tao
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M. Zhao
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - T. Andrijauskas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - G. Juzeliūnas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - I. B. Spielman
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Tsui TC, Wang Y, Subhankar S, Porto JV, Rolston SL. Realization of a stroboscopic optical lattice for cold atoms with subwavelength spacing. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2020; 101:10.1103/physreva.101.041603. [PMID: 35528197 PMCID: PMC9074761 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.101.041603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical lattices are typically created via the ac Stark shift and are limited by diffraction to periodicities ⩾ λ/2, where λ is the wavelength of light used to create them. Lattices with smaller periodicities may be useful for many-body physics with cold atoms and can be generated by stroboscopic application of a phase-shifted lattice with subwavelength features. Here we demonstrate a λ/4-spaced lattice by stroboscopically applying optical Kronig-Penney-like potentials which are generated using spatially dependent dark states. We directly probe the periodicity of the λ/4-spaced lattice by measuring the average probability density of the atoms loaded into the ground band of the lattice. We measure lifetimes of atoms in this lattice and discuss the mechanisms that limit the applicability of this stroboscopic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. Subhankar
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J. V. Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S. L. Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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11
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Subhankar S, Bienias P, Titum P, Tsui TC, Wang Y, Gorshkov AV, Rolston SL, Porto JV. Floquet engineering of optical lattices with spatial features and periodicity below the diffraction limit. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2019; 21:10.1088/1367-2630/ab500f. [PMID: 38903249 PMCID: PMC11187970 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ab500f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Floquet engineering or coherent time periodic driving of quantum systems has been successfully used to synthesize Hamiltonians with novel properties. In ultracold atomic systems, this has led to experimental realizations of artificial gauge fields, topological band structures, and observation of dynamical localization, to name just a few. Here we present a Floquet-based framework to stroboscopically engineer Hamiltonians with spatial features and periodicity below the diffraction limit of light used to create them, by time-averaging over various configurations of a 1D optical Kronig-Penney (KP) lattice. The KP potential is a lattice of narrow subwavelength barriers spaced by half the optical wavelength ( λ / 2 ) and arises from the nonlinear optical response of the atomic dark state. Stroboscopic control over the strength and position of this lattice requires time-dependent adiabatic manipulation of the dark-state spin composition. We investigate adiabaticity requirements, and shape our time-dependent light fields to respect these requirements. We apply this framework to show that a λ / 4 -spaced lattice can be synthesized using realistic experimental parameters. As an example, we discuss mechanisms that limit lifetimes in these lattices, explore candidate systems with their limitations, and study adiabatic loading into the ground band of these lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Subhankar
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - P. Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - P. Titum
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - T-C. Tsui
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - A. V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - S. L. Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - J. V. Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
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12
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Subhankar S, Wang Y, Tsui TC, Rolston SL, Porto JV. Nanoscale Atomic Density Microscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. X 2019; 9:021002. [PMID: 32269866 PMCID: PMC7141417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.9.021002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms typically create atomic wavefunctions with structures at optical length scales, where direct imaging suffers from the diffraction limit. In analogy to advances in optical microscopy for biological applications, we use a non-linear atomic response to surpass the diffraction limit. Exploiting quantum interference, we demonstrate imaging with super-resolution of λ/50 and excellent temporal resolution of 500 ns. We characterize our microscope's performance by measuring the ensemble averaged probability density of atoms within the unit cells of an optical lattice, and observe the dynamics of atoms excited into motion. This approach can be readily applied to image any atomic or molecular system, as long as it hosts a three-level system.
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Yang D, Laflamme C, Vasilyev DV, Baranov MA, Zoller P. Theory of a Quantum Scanning Microscope for Cold Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:133601. [PMID: 29694173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a scanning microscope to monitor "live" the quantum dynamics of cold atoms in a cavity QED setup. The microscope measures the atomic density with subwavelength resolution via dispersive couplings to a cavity and homodyne detection within the framework of continuous measurement theory. We analyze two modes of operation. First, for a fixed focal point the microscope records the wave packet dynamics of atoms with time resolution set by the cavity lifetime. Second, a spatial scan of the microscope acts to map out the spatial density of stationary quantum states. Remarkably, in the latter case, for a good cavity limit, the microscope becomes an effective quantum nondemolition device, such that the spatial distribution of motional eigenstates can be measured backaction free in single scans, as an emergent quantum nondemolition measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yang
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Laflamme
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D V Vasilyev
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M A Baranov
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Zoller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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14
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Abolins BP, Zillich RE, Whaley KB. Quantum phases of dipolar rotors on two-dimensional lattices. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:102338. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5005522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Abolins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R. E. Zillich
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - K. B. Whaley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Wang Y, Subhankar S, Bienias P, Łącki M, Tsui TC, Baranov MA, Gorshkov AV, Zoller P, Porto JV, Rolston SL. Dark State Optical Lattice with a Subwavelength Spatial Structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:083601. [PMID: 29543021 PMCID: PMC11348860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.083601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
We report on the experimental realization of a conservative optical lattice for cold atoms with a subwavelength spatial structure. The potential is based on the nonlinear optical response of three-level atoms in laser-dressed dark states, which is not constrained by the diffraction limit of the light generating the potential. The lattice consists of a one-dimensional array of ultranarrow barriers with widths less than 10 nm, well below the wavelength of the lattice light, physically realizing a Kronig-Penney potential. We study the band structure and dissipation of this lattice and find good agreement with theoretical predictions. Even on resonance, the observed lifetimes of atoms trapped in the lattice are as long as 44 ms, nearly 10^{5} times the excited state lifetime, and could be further improved with more laser intensity. The potential is readily generalizable to higher dimensions and different geometries, allowing, for example, nearly perfect box traps, narrow tunnel junctions for atomtronics applications, and dynamically generated lattices with subwavelength spacings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Wang
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - S. Subhankar
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - P. Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - M. Łącki
- Jagiellonian University, Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T-C. Tsui
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - M. A. Baranov
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A. V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - P. Zoller
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J. V. Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - S. L. Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
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Jendrzejewski F, Eckel S, Tiecke TG, Juzeliūnas G, Campbell GK, Jiang L, Gorshkov AV. Subwavelength-width optical tunnel junctions for ultracold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2016; 94:10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063422. [PMID: 31098433 PMCID: PMC6515915 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.94.063422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method for creating far-field optical barrier potentials for ultracold atoms with widths that are narrower than the diffraction limit and can approach tens of nanometers. The reduced widths stem from the nonlinear atomic response to control fields that create spatially varying dark resonances. The subwavelength barrier is the result of the geometric scalar potential experienced by an atom prepared in such a spatially varying dark state. The performance of this technique, as well as its applications to the study of many-body physics and to the implementation of quantum-information protocols with ultracold atoms, are discussed, with a focus on the implementation of tunnel junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jendrzejewski
- Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Eckel
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - T G Tiecke
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Facebook Inc., Connectivity Lab, 1 Hacker Way, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Juzeliūnas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Avenue 3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - G K Campbell
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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